[Frailty and adverse outcomes in patients over 65 years old with acute coronary syndrome in a hospital cohort in Medellin, Colombia]. / Fragilidad y resultados adversos en pacientes mayores de 65 años con síndrome coronario agudo en una cohorte hospitalaria en Medellín, Colombia.

Objective: Several studies have demonstrated an association between frailty and worse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, there is a lack of evidence from Colombia. This study aims to evaluate the association between frailty and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients over 65 years old diagnosed with ACS. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, including patients over 65 years old who underwent coronary angiography due to an ACS diagnosis at a hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and a composite outcome of in-hospital or 30-day mortality, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hemorrhagic complications, and vascular complications. Results: A total of 112 patients were included. Frail patients (n=35, 31.3%) were older, had a lower socioeconomic status, higher GRACE scores, and more severely compromised coronary vessels. A significant association was observed between frailty and 30-day mortality (relative risk [RR] 19.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.04-72.61; p<0.001), the composite outcome (RR 4.57, 95% CI: 2.56-8.34; p<0.001), and longer hospital stays (9 days vs. 5 days in the non-frail group). Conclusions: A considerable number of patients over 65 years old with ACS were frail. Frailty was associated with adverse in-hospital and 30-day outcomes.

Telehealth in geriatric dentistry: A comparative analysis of concordance between virtual and in-person examinations for hospitalized older patients.

AIMS: This study aims to assess the concordance between in-person clinical and virtual oral examinations among hospitalized older adults. METHODS: A single examiner performed an in-person clinical examination, recorded systemic health history and oral health indices, clinically documented the Bedside Oral Exam (BOE), and captured photographs for subsequent analysis during a virtual examination. Following a 90-day washout period, a virtual examination was repeated by the same examiner and by a second examiner. Descriptive analysis and a Kappa test were used to compare proportions and evaluate the agreement between results. RESULTS: Intra-examiners presented high percentage of agreement in all domains of BOE (80%-86%), with an exception for gingiva (78%). Kappa's intra-examiners presented moderate scores in saliva, mucous membrane, gingiva and teeth/dentures domains and a strong score in the tongue domain (0.839). Inter examiners presented moderate agreement in lips and gingiva, saliva, mucous membrane, and teeth/dentures domains. Inter examiners Kappa scores were weak for lips (0.395) and gingiva (0.498) domains; moderate for saliva (0.703), mucous membrane (0.769) and teeth/dentures (0.714) domains and strong for the tongue domain (0.872). CONCLUSION: In this study, a moderate level of agreement was observed between clinical and virtual oral examinations among older hospitalized patients. These findings are encouraging and warrant further investigation about how teledentistry can be used to enhance oral health access to this vulnerable population.

[Frailty as a predictor of 3-year mortality in older adult patients in long-term care in Mexico]. / Fragilidad como predictor de mortalidad a 3 años en los pacientes adultos mayores en cuidados de largo plazo en México.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study was to evaluate the long-term association between mortality and frailty in institutionalized patients in Mexico. Worldwide, there are limited lines of research in this population of geriatric patients and this entity generates a significant impact on the quality of life and prognosis of our patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a prospective cohort study of 81 patients in long-term care who met the selection criteria. Frailty was determined using the FRAIL scale. Data on mortality were collected during the follow-up period, and diagnosis was monitored. The risk of presenting this event was determined by logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time of the patients was 36 months (1094 days), during which 33 subjects died (40.7%). In our population, at the beginning of the study the vast majority of frail patients had pathologies that independently generate risk of adverse events, disability (Barthel=30.9; SD 28.8), sarcopenia (n=40; 71.4%), one to 3 falls in the last year (n=17; 63%), ≥4 falls (n=4; 57.1%). Frail participants had a higher adjusted risk of mortality (HR 2.93; 95% CI 1.33-6.43; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The frailty entity is associated in the long term with mortality in institutionalized patients in Mexico. Timely treatment and approach may allow a good prognosis and quality of life.

Integrative geriatric assessment. A narrative review of the scales and their use in Ecuador

This study aims to describe the main tools for integrative geriatric assessment and their use in Ecuador. We performed a narrative review with a comprehensive and systematic literature search. 261 original articles were obtained from the primary search, and after the discrimination by the researchers, 76 articles were included in the final analysis. Integrative geriatric assessments cover different areas, including cognitive function, affective function, nutritional status and functionality, and seve-ral tools that are used worldwide for this purpose. In Ecuador, a deeper analysis of their use is required to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy and applicability to impro-ve health outcomes for the elderly population.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir las principales herramientas de evalua-ción integral geriátrica y su uso en el Ecuador. Realizamos una revisión narrativa con una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva y sistemática. De la búsqueda primaria se obtuvieron 261 artículos originales, y luego de la discriminación por parte de los investigadores, se incluyeron 76 artículos en el análisis final. La evaluación ge-riátrica cubre diferentes áreas, incluida la función cognitiva, la función afectiva, el estado nutricional y la funcionalidad, y se utilizan varias herramientas en todo el mundo para este propósito. En Ecuador se requiere un análisis más profundo de su uso para evaluar su eficacia diagnóstica y aplicabilidad con el fin de mejorar los resultados de salud de la población adulta mayor.

[Pluripathology among inpatients: characteristics of hospitalized patients in medical clinic wards]. / Pluripatología en internación: características de pacientes internados en clínica médica.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pluripathology and polypharmacy among hospitalized patients in internal medicine wards at an acute care hospital, including their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: Observational, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study. All patients hospitalized in the internal medicine ward at Hospital Tornú from May to September 2019 were included through consecutive sampling. Data from medical records were collected. Functional dependency and prognosis were assessed using the Barthel, Charlson and PROFUND Indexes. RESULTS: 170 patients (58% male) were registered. Women were significantly older. Pluripathology prevalence: 32%; polypharmacy 38%; high BP: 48%; diabetes: 27%; cognitive impairment 15%; heart failure: 14%; stroke: 12%; anemia: 24%; CKD 10%. Total readmissions 10% (94% with early readmissions; 94% with readmissions related to a previous hospitalization). Global Mortality: 12%. Patients with pluripathology were elderly (78% > 65 years old) with a higher polypharmacy frequency (p < 0.0001) and functional dependence (p = 0.001). Mortality in patients with pluripathology (22%) was higher than in others (p = 0.0095) with higher Charlson and PROFUND scores (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in terms of hospital stay or readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: Pluripathological patients are common in our inpatient hospital department. This study reveals the importance of considering this type of patients in public hospitals due to its frequency, characteristics and healthcare utilization and costs.

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar prevalencia de pluripatología y polifarmacia entre internados en salas de clínica médica de un hospital de agudos, sus características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y analítico. Se incluyeron los pacientes internados en clínica médica del Hospital Tornú entre mayo y septiembre, 2019 mediante muestreo consecutivo. Se relevaron datos de las historias clínicas. Se evaluó dependencia funcional y pronóstico mediante índices Barthel, Charlson y score PROFUND. Resultados: Se registraron 170 pacientes (58% masculinos). La edad de mujeres fue significativamente mayor (mediana 79 años; p= 0.002). Prevalencia de pluripatología 32%; polifarmacia 38%; hipertensión 48%; diabetes 27%; deterioro cognitivo 15%; insuficiencia cardíaca 14%; accidente cerebrovascular 12%; anemia 24%; enfermedad renal crónica 10%. Reingresos 10% (94% con reinternación precoz; 94% con motivo de reingreso relacionado con internación previa). Mortalidad general: 12%. Los pacientes pluripatológicos presentaron edad elevada (78% > 65 años), mayor frecuencia de polifarmacia (p < 0.0001) y de dependencia (p = 0.001). La mortalidad en pluripatológicos (22%) fue mayor que en el resto (p = 0.0095) y presentaron valores más elevados índice de Charlson y score PROFUND (p < 0.0001). No hubo diferencias significativas en estadía hospitalaria ni en reinternaciones. Conclusiones: La presencia de pacientes con pluripatología se presenta como una realidad cotidiana en nuestros servicios de internación. Este estudio revela la importancia de la consideración de este tipo de pacientes en el ámbito público debido a su frecuencia y características, demandas sanitarias y costes.

Pluripatología en internación: características de pacientes internados en clínica médica / Pluripathology among inpatients: characteristics of hos pitalized patients in medical clinic wards

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar prevalencia de pluripatología y polifarmacia entre in ternados en salas de clínica médica de un hospital de agudos, sus características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, longitu dinal, descriptivo y analítico. Se incluyeron los pacientes internados en clínica médica del Hospital Tornú entre mayo y septiembre, 2019 mediante muestreo consecuti vo. Se relevaron datos de las historias clínicas. Se evaluó dependencia funcional y pronóstico mediante índices Barthel, Charlson y score PROFUND. Resultados: Se registraron 170 pacientes (58% mascu linos). La edad de mujeres fue significativamente mayor (mediana 79 años; p= 0.002). Prevalencia de pluripatolo gía 32%; polifarmacia 38%; hipertensión 48%; diabetes 27%; deterioro cognitivo 15%; insuficiencia cardíaca 14%; accidente cerebrovascular 12%; anemia 24%; enfermedad renal crónica 10%. Reingresos 10% (94% con reinterna ción precoz; 94% con motivo de reingreso relacionado con internación previa). Mortalidad general: 12%. Los pacientes pluripatológicos presentaron edad elevada (78% > 65 años), mayor frecuencia de polifarmacia (p < 0.0001) y de dependencia (p = 0.001). La mortalidad en pluripatológicos (22%) fue mayor que en el resto (p = 0.0095) y presentaron valores más elevados índice de Charlson y score PROFUND (p < 0.0001). No hubo diferencias significativas en estadía hospitalaria ni en reinternaciones. Conclusiones: La presencia de pacientes con pluri patología se presenta como una realidad cotidiana en nuestros servicios de internación. Este estudio revela la importancia de la consideración de este tipo de pa cientes en el ámbito público debido a su frecuencia y características, demandas sanitarias y costes.

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to de termine the prevalence of pluripathology and polyphar macy among hospitalized patients in internal medicine wards at an acute care hospital, including their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: Observational, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study. All patients hospital ized in the internal medicine ward at Hospital Tornú from May to September 2019 were included through consecutive sampling. Data from medical records were collected. Functional dependency and prognosis were assessed using the Barthel, Charlson and PROFUND Indexes. Results: 170 patients (58% male) were registered. Wom en were significantly older. Pluripathology prevalence: 32%; polypharmacy 38%; high BP: 48%; diabetes: 27%; cognitive impairment 15%; heart failure: 14%; stroke: 12%; anemia: 24%; CKD 10%. Total readmissions 10% (94% with early readmissions; 94% with readmissions related to a previous hospitalization). Global Mortality: 12%. Patients with pluripathology were elderly (78% > 65 years old) with a higher polypharmacy frequency (p < 0.0001) and functional dependence (p = 0.001). Mortality in patients with pluripathology (22%) was higher than in others (p = 0.0095) with higher Charlson and PROFUND scores (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in terms of hospital stay or readmissions. Conclusions: Pluripathological patients are common in our inpatient hospital department. This study reveals the importance of considering this type of patients in public hospitals due to its frequency, characteristics and healthcare utilization and costs.

Homens cuidadores informais de idosos dependentes no Brasil / Hombres cuidadores informales de ancianos dependientes en Brasil / Men as informal caregivers of dependent older adults in Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as motivações e as implicações do cuidado de familiares idosos dependentes realizado por homens. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre julho e dezembro de 2018 em seis cidades nas cinco regiões brasileiras, foram entrevistados 11 homens que desempenham a tarefa de cuidadores informais. Eles assumiram essa tarefa em razão de as mulheres estarem exaustas e adoecidas, assim como por reciprocidade afetiva e marital. Os filhos manifestaram desconforto na administração de cuidados pessoais aos pais, enquanto os cônjuges apresentaram dificuldades com atividades domésticas. Os cuidadores solitários estavam cansados, com dores, privação do sono, sintomas depressivos e solidão. O suporte prestado por familiares e cuidadores formais mostrou-se valioso para amenizar o sofrimento dos cuidadores que relutavam em pedir ajuda. Há necessidade de os profissionais de saúde estarem atentos aos prestadores de cuidados informais aos familiares.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las motivaciones y las implicaciones del cuidado de familiares ancianos dependientes realizado por hombres. A partir de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre julio y diciembre de 2018 en seis ciudades en las cinco regiones brasileñas, se entrevistaron 11 hombres que desempeñan la tarea de cuidadores informales. Los hombres asumieron esta tarea porque las mujeres estaban exhaustas y enfermas y por reciprocidad afectiva y marital. Los hijos manifestaron incomodidad en la administración de cuidados personales a los padres, mientras que los cónyuges presentaron dificultades con actividades domésticas. Los cuidadores solitarios estaban cansados, con dolores, privación de sueño, síntomas depresivos y soledad. El soporte prestado por familiares y cuidadores formales se mostró valioso para disminuir el sufrimiento de los cuidadores que titubeaban en pedir ayuda. Existe la necesidad de que los profesionales de salud estén atentos a los prestadores de cuidados informales a los familiares.(AU)

The objective of study was to understand the motivations and implications of care given by men for dependent elderly family members. Qualitative research happened between July and December 2018 in six cities in the five Brazilian regions, interviewing 11 men who perform tasks as informal caregivers. The men assumed this task because the women's exhaustion and sickness, added to affective and marital reciprocity. Their sons expressed discomfort in taking personal care of their parents, while the spouses had difficulties with domestic activities. Lonely caregivers were tired, in pain, sleep deprived, experiencing depressive symptoms and loneliness. Support provided by family members and formal caregivers proved to be valuable in alleviating the suffering of caregivers who were reluctant to ask for help. Health professionals are called to pay attention to informal care providers for family members.(AU)

Análise de pacientes idosos internados por queimaduras no Brasil / Analysis of older patients hospitalized for burns in Brazil

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise das variáveis disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) de idosos queimados internados, e comparar entre idosos maiores e menores de 80 anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo realizado por coleta de dados no DATASUS no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60-79 anos e igual ou maior a 80 anos, sendo avaliadas variáveis como tempo médio de internação, custos com saúde e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: No período estudado, sofreram queimaduras 168.955 pacientes com 60-79 anos e 50.410 com 80 anos ou mais. A maior mortalidade ocorre nos acidentes com chama, seguidos por queimadura de contato, terceiro lugar escaldado e por último queimadura elétrica (p=0,01). A incidência de internações em pessoas com mais de 80 anos é maior do que entre 60-79 anos (p<0,001). Houve relação diretamente proporcional entre idade e tempo de internação apenas nas faixas etárias mais avançadas. Também foi possível verificar que, quanto maiores os custos com saúde, maior a taxa de mortalidade. Conclusão: O tempo de internação é maior em pacientes mais velhos e a maior média de dias de internação está relacionada a maior taxa de mortalidade. Além disso, um maior número de dias de internação não resulta em menor taxa de mortalidade, mostrando que a prevenção e a gestão adequada dos insumos são mais importantes do que grande investimento no tratamento.

Objective: Analyze the available variables on the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) platform of hospitalized burn older people and compare older people over and under 80. Method: A retrospective study collected data in DATASUS from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients aged 60-79 years or older and 80 years or older were included in the study, with variables such as time average hospitalization, healthcare costs, and mortality rate. Results: During the studied period, 168,955 patients aged 60-79 and 50,410 aged 80 or over suffered burns. The highest mortality occurs in flame accidents, followed by contact burns, third-place scalds, and electrical burns (p=0.01). The incidence of hospitalizations in people over 80 is higher than in those aged 60-79 (p<0.001). There was a directly proportional relationship between age and length of stay only in the most advanced age groups. It was also possible to verify that the higher the health costs, the higher the mortality rate. Conclusion: The length of stay is longer in older patients, and the longer average stay is related to a higher mortality rate. Furthermore, a greater number of days of hospitalization does not result in a lower mortality rate, showing that prevention and adequate management of supplies are more important than a large investment in treatment.

Impact of implementing the pain best practice guideline in a long-term care home using the knowledge-to-action framework / Impacto de implementación de la guía de buenas prácticas del dolor en una residencia de cuidados a largo plazo utilizando el marco del conocimiento a la acción / Impacto da implementação do guia de boas práticas para o manejo da dor em uma casa de cuidados de longo prazo usando a estrutura do conhecimento para a ação

Introduction. Assessment and management of pain in older adults can be challenging, with persistent pain prevalence ranging from 25% to 80%, especially in long-term care homes (LTCH), where most seniors are unable to verbalize their pain. This article describes the implementation of the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) Assessment and Management of Pain (Third Edition) best practice guideline (BPG) in a LTCH in Toronto, Canada. Methodology. Using mixed descriptive study methodology, this 391-bed home housing older adults over 80 years implemented the Pain guideline using the knowledge-to-action framework and audit procedures to evaluate the impact of implementing this guideline. Key implementation activities included educating residents, families, and staff about pain while integrating validated pain screening and assessment tools into practice. A mixed methods approach of qualitative and quantitative data was utilized to monitor improvements in clinical and organizational outcomes. Results. The impact of implementing Pain BPG is: improved utilization of pain assessment and management tools, reduced incidence of worsening pain, improved pain scores and improved resident quality of life. The structured and integrated, evidence-based approaches to pain assessment and management reflected that long-term care residents don't have to live with pain regularly, which leads to a better quality of life and resident/family satisfaction. Discussion. In conjunction with the structured approach of the knowledge-to-action framework and the Pain BPG, the LTCH utilized tailored approaches to meet the needs of their resident population. Recognizing the unique needs of seniors in a residential setting, organizational structural facilitators, and barriers and cultural needs, the LTCH developed multi-modal approaches based on a person and family-centred approach. This evidence-based and resident-focused approach was the key to the successful implementation and subsequent outcomes that were resultant. Conclusion. The systematic implementation of the RNAO pain BPG and the utilization of the knowledge-to-action framework was shown to improve resident outcomes, improve organizational processes and generate staff satisfaction. Participation and engagement of residents, their families and health professionals in the process was one of the greatest facilitators.

Introducción. La evaluación y el tratamiento del dolor en los adultos mayores puede constituir un desafío, con una prevalencia de dolor persistente que oscila entre el 25 al 80%, especialmente en residencias de cuidados a largo plazo (LTCH por sus siglas en inglés), donde la mayoría de los ancianos son incapaces de verbalizar su dolor. Este artículo describe la aplicación de la guía de buenas prácticas (BPG por sus siglas en inglés) de la Asociación de Enfermeras Registradas de Ontario (RNAO por sus siglas en inglés) para la Evaluación y el Tratamiento del Dolor (Tercera Edición) en un centro de cuidados a largo plazo de Toronto, Canadá. Metodología. Utilizando una metodología de estudio descriptivo mixto, esta residencia de 391 camas que alberga a adultos mayores de 80 años implementó la guía sobre el dolor, utilizando el marco de conocimiento a la acción, al igual que procedimientos de auditoría, para evaluar el impacto de la implementación de la guía. Entre las actividades clave de la implementación se incluyeron la educación de los residentes, las familias y el personal sobre el dolor, así como la integración en la práctica de herramientas validadas de detección y evaluación del dolor. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos para supervisar las mejoras en los resultados clínicos y organizativos. Resultados. El impacto de la implementación de la BPG sobre el dolor es: mejoría de la utilización de las herramientas de evaluación y manejo del dolor, reducción en la incidencia de empeoramiento del dolor, mejoría en puntuaciones del dolor, así como en la calidad de vida de los residentes. Los enfoques estructurados e integrados basados en la evidencia, dirigidos a la evaluación y manejo del dolor reflejaron que los residentes del LTCH no deben vivir con dolor habitualmente, lo que conduce a una mejor calidad de vida y satisfacción del residente y/o familia. Discusión. Junto con el enfoque estructurado del marco del conocimiento a la acción y la BPG del dolor, la residencia de cuidados a largo plazo utilizó enfoques adaptados para satisfacer las necesidades de su población residente. Reconocer las necesidades únicas de los mayores en un entorno residencial, los facilitadores estructurales organizativos y las Este enfoque basado en la evidencia y centrado en el residente fue la clave del éxito de la implantación y de los subsecuentes resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones. Se evidenció que la implantación sistemática de la BPG del dolor de la RNAO y la utilización del marco del conocimiento a la acción mejoraron los resultados de los residentes, los procesos organizativos y generaron mayor satisfacción en el personal. La participación y el compromiso de los residentes, sus familias y los profesionales de salud fue uno de los mayores facilitadores en el proceso.

Introdução. A avaliação e o tratamento da dor em idosos podem ser desafiadores, com a prevalência de dor persistente variando de 25 a 80%, especialmente em hospitais de longa permanência (LTCH por suas siglas em inglês), onde a maioria dos idosos não consegue verbalizar sua dor. Este artigo descreve a aplicação do guia de boas práticas (BPG por suas siglas em inglês) da Associação de Enfermeiras Registradas de Ontário (RNAO por suas siglas em inglês) para Avaliação e Tratamento da Dor (Terceira Edição) em uma instituição de cuidados de longo prazo em Toronto, Canadá. Metodologia. Utilizando uma metodologia de estudo descritiva, essa casa com 391 leitos que acolhe idosos com mais de 80 anos de idade implementou o guía para o manejo da dor, utilizando a estrutura do conhecimento para a ação, bem como procedimentos de auditoria, para avaliar o impacto da implementação do guia. As principais atividades de implementação incluíram a educação dos residentes, famílias e funcionários sobre a dor, bem como a integração na prática de ferramentas validadas de detecção e avaliação da dor. Foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica mista de dados qualitativos e quantitativos para monitorar melhorias nos resultados clínicos e organizacionais. Resultados. O impacto da implementação do BPG para o manejo da dor é: melhoria na utilização de ferramentas de avaliação e manejo da dor, redução na incidência de piora da dor, melhora nos escores de dor, bem como na qualidade de vida dos residentes. Abordagens estruturadas e integradas baseadas em evidências, destinadas à avaliação e manejo da dor refletiram que os residentes do LTCH não devem conviver rotineiramente com a dor, levando à melhoria da qualidade de vida e à satisfação dos residentes e/ou familiares. Discussão. Juntamente com a abordagem articulada da estrutura do conhecimento para a ação e o BPG para o manejo da dor, a cassa de cuidados de longo prazo utilizou abordagens adaptadas para satisfazer as necesidades da sua população residente. O reconhecimento das necessidades únicas dos idosos num ambiente residencial, dos facilitadores estruturais organizacionais e das barreiras e necessidades culturais, permite que os LTCH desenvolvam abordagens multimodais, centradas na pessoa e na família. Esta abordagem baseada em evidências e centrada no residente foi a chave para o sucesso da implementação e os resultados subsequentes obtidos. Conclusões. Ficou evidente que a implementação sistemática do BPG para o manejo da dor da RNAO e o uso da estrutura do conhecimento para a ação melhoraram os resultados dos residentes e os processos organizacionais, e geraram maior satisfação do pessoal. A participação e o comprometimento dos residentes, seus familiares e profissionais de saúde foi um dos maiores facilitadores do processo.

Assessing Nutritional Status and Frailty among Poor Elderly Individuals in Requena del Tapiche, Peru.

Frailty is a biological syndrome that leads to a loss of physiological reserve, increasing susceptibility to adverse health events. In the Peruvian Amazon, the elderly live with hardly any economic resources, presenting a caloric deficit that is related to functional and cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to identify the health needs of elderly people living in extreme poverty in Requena (Peru) by means of a geriatric assessment of the nutritional and functional spheres to design, in the future, a cooperation project appropriate to the needs detected. This is an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Sixty participants were included, and sociodemographic and functional status variables were analyzed using the MNA and Barthel scales and the Get Up and Go test. The mean age of the participants was 79 ± 6.67 (women 55% and men 45%), where 60% had frailty. A statistically significant relationship was found between the MNA scores and Barthel test. Eighty-five percent were malnourished or at risk and thirteen percent had total or moderate dependence. We conclude that the nutritional status of the elderly was deficient. The high degree of living alone in which they live forces them to maintain their independence and their walking stability is normal. The situation of frailty exceeds the national average, a situation that has repercussions for their quality of life. We found a statistically significant association between nutritional status, dependence, and frailty. The better-nourished elderly are less frail and less dependent.

Condiciones de trabajo y el cuidado de sí en profesionales de enfermería en la atención domiciliaria de adultos mayores dependientes / Condições de trabalho e autocuidado dos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar a idosos dependentes / Working conditions and self-care of nursing professionals in home care of dependent older adults

Introducción: La atención a domicilio de adultos mayores dependientes es una tarea compleja que requiere de profesionales de enfermería altamente capacitados. Sin embargo, las condiciones laborales adversas y la falta de atención al cuidado de sí mismo ponen en riesgo su salud y bienestar, así como la calidad del cuidado que brindan. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de trabajo y el cuidado de sí en profesionales de enfermería en la atención domiciliaria de adultos mayores dependientes. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa de diseño narrativo utilizando la teoría del cuidado de sí de Michel Foucault. Muestreo por bola de nieve. Criterios de selección: ser enfermero(a) de atención domiciliaria, tener bajo su cuidado a adultos mayores dependientes y firmar el consentimiento informado. Recolección de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas y transcritas textualmente para ser analizadas con ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Participantes: 9 profesionales de enfermería domiciliaria independiente. Resultados: Emergieron 2 categorías: 1) La familia en el cuidado y 2) El lado doloroso del cuidado. Conclusiones: Además de las habilidades de comunicación eficaz para solicitar las adaptaciones arquitectónicas de la vivienda y la colaboración de los familiares, se hace evidente que cuando se usan las tecnologías de la teoría de Michel Foucault, se promueve el cuidado de sí de la enfermera. Discusión: La capacidad para tomar conciencia sumado al pensamiento crítico, son necesarios para tener el poder y autonomía sobre las decisiones que se llevan a cabo en el trabajo, reduciendo riesgos e injusticias en el ámbito que se encuentre y promover el cuidado de sí.

Introduction: Home care of dependent older adults is a complex task that requires highly trained nursing professionals. However, adverse working conditions and lack of attention to self-care jeopardize their health and well-being, as well as the quality of care they provide. Objective: To describe the working conditions and self-care of nursing professionals in the home care of dependent older adults. Methodology: Qualitative research of narrative design using Michel Foucault's theory of self-care. Snowball sampling. Selection criteria: to be a home care nurse, to have dependent older adults under his/her care and to sign the informed consent form. Data collection through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis using ATLAS.ti software. Participants: 9 independent home nursing professionals. Results: 2 categories emerged: 1) The family in caregiving and 2) The painful side of caregiving. Conclusions: In addition to effective communication skills to request architectural adaptations of the home and the collaboration of family members, it is evident that when the technologies of Michel Foucault's theory are used, the nurse's self-care is promoted. Discussion: The ability to be aware and critical thinking are necessary to have power and autonomy over the decisions that are carried out at work, reducing risks and injustices in the field and promoting self-care.

Introdução: O atendimento domiciliar de idosos dependentes é uma tarefa complexa que exige profissionais de enfermagem altamente treinados. No entanto, as condições de trabalho adversas e a falta de atenção ao autocuidado prejudicam sua saúde e bem-estar, bem como a qualidade do atendimento que prestam. Objetivo: descrever as condições de trabalho e o autocuidado dos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar a idosos dependentes. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa com um projeto narrativo usando a teoria do autocuidado de Michel Foucault. Amostragem em bola de neve. Critérios de seleção: ser enfermeiro de atendimento domiciliar, estar cuidando de idosos dependentes e assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e transcritas literalmente para análise usando o software ATLAS.ti. Participantes: 9 profissionais independentes de enfermagem domiciliar. Resultados: Surgiram duas categorias: 1) A família no cuidado e 2) O lado doloroso do cuidado. Conclusões: Além de habilidades de comunicação eficazes para solicitar adaptações arquitetônicas na residência e a colaboração dos familiares, fica evidente que, quando as tecnologias da teoria de Michel Foucault são utilizadas, o autocuidado do enfermeiro é promovido. Discussão: A capacidade de conscientização e o pensamento crítico são necessários para ter poder e autonomia sobre as decisões tomadas no trabalho, reduzindo os riscos e as injustiças no campo e promovendo o autocuidado.

Comparison of two handgrip dynamometers in older adults before elective surgery.

BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength is a useful measurement of muscle strength and has been proposed as a single predictor of postoperative outcomes in older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation and concordance of Camry digital hand grip dynamometer (EH101) with gold standard Jamar® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer in older adults previous to elective surgery. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients ≥ 65 years old admitted to a Chilean private hospital for elective surgery between March 2018 and February 2019. Handgrip strength was assessed 2 times with each hand prior to surgery, using both the Jamar® dynamometer and the Camry digital dynamometer. The highest value of each dynamometer was used for analysis. RESULTS: We included a total of 220 patients (mean age 73.1 years old ± 6.3). Maximal handgrip strength averaged 26.9 kg ± 9.6 with the Camry dynamometer and 26.9 kg ± 9.7 with the Jamar® dynamometer in the right hand and 25.5 kg ± 9.5 with the Camry dynamometer and 25.7 kg ± 9.2 with the Jamar® dynamometer with the left hand. The difference between both measures did not differ significantly from 0, with Pearson correlation index of 0.95 and Lin's concordance index of 0.95 (p < 0001). The Bland-Altman graphics show that 90% of the measures were inside the confidence limits, without systematic bias. CONCLUSION: Camry digital dynamometer is an inexpensive and valid device to measure handgrip strength in older adults previous to elective surgery, compared to the gold standard Jamar® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer.

Ejercicio multicomponente en el adulto mayor y su efecto en el síndrome de fragilidad / Multicomponent exercise in the older adult and its effect on frailty syndrome

El envejecimiento ocasiona un aumento en la vulnerabilidad del adulto mayor. El ejercicio multicomponente se ha propuesto como una práctica para mejorar la funcionalidad física y cognitiva del adulto mayor, reducir la frecuencia de caídas y fracturas y prevenir la sarcopenia. Por tanto, en esta revisión bibliográfica se propone determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en el adulto mayor para evitar la progresión del síndrome de fragilidad. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Hinari, PubMed, Scopus y Embase utilizando los operadores booleanos «AND¼ y «OR¼ y como palabras clave «fragilidad¼, «adulto mayor¼, «caídas¼, «fracturas¼, «sarcopenia¼ para delimitar literatura de utilidad a esta investigación. Se tomaron en cuenta artículos de revisión bibliográfica, casos y controles, metaanálisis, artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas con vigencia menor a cinco años, en los idiomas inglés y español. El ejercicio multicomponente ocasiona una mejoría en la funcionalidad física, dependencia, prevención de caídas y reducción de la sarcopenia, siendo una herramienta útil para la regresión del síndrome de fragilidad en el adulto mayor

Aging causes an increase in the vulnerability of older adults. The practice of multicomponent exercise has been proposed to improve the physical and cognitive functionality of the older adult, reduce the frequency of falls and fractures, and prevent sarcopenia. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in the older adult to prevent the progression of frailty syndrome. A literature search was performed in the Hinari, PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases, using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" and as keywords "frailty", "older adult", "falls", "fractures", "sarcopenia" to delimit useful literature for this research. Literature review articles, case-controls, meta-analysis, original articles, systematic reviews less than five years old, published in both English and Spanish were taken into account. Multicomponent exercise causes an improvement in physical functionality, independence, fall prevention, and reduction of sarcopenia, being a useful tool for the regression of frailty syndrome in the elderly.

Fatores associados à piora da autoavaliação da saúde das brasileiras que residiam com idosos dependentes durante a primeira onda da COVID-19 / Factors associated with worsening in the self-rated health status of Brazilian women who lived with dependent elderly people during the first wave of COVID-19

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar os fatores associados à piora da autoavaliação da saúde (AAS) de brasileiras que residiam com idosos com dependência funcional (IDF) durante a primeira onda da pandemia de COVID-19. Utilizou-se a ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos como fonte de dados. Para a análise comparou-se o grupo de mulheres que moravam com IDF com aquelas que moravam com idosos sem dependência. Estimou-se modelos hierárquicos de razão de prevalência (RP) para testar as associações entre as características sociodemográficas, mudanças na renda, atividades de rotina e saúde na pandemia, tendo como desfecho a piora da AAS. A piora da AAS foi mais frequente no grupo de mulheres que moravam com IDF. Após o ajuste dos fatores hierárquicos, ser negra (RP=0,76; IC95% 0,60-0,96) e ter renda per capita menor que um salário-mínimo (RP=0,78; IC95% 0,64-0,96) foram fatores inversamente associados à piora da AAS entre corresidentes de IDF. O estado de ânimo ruim, o surgimento/piora de problema de coluna, o sono afetado, a AAS ruim, o sentimento de solidão e a dificuldade na realização de atividades rotineiras durante a pandemia foram fatores positivamente associados. O estudo demonstra que morar com IDF esteve associado à piora da saúde das brasileiras na pandemia, especialmente entre aquelas em posição de maior status social.

Abstract The objective is to analyze the factors associated with the worsening of the self-rated health (SRH) of Brazilian women who live with elderly people with functional dependence (EFD) during the first wave of COVID-19. ConVid - Behavior Research was used as a data source. For the analysis, the group of women who lived with EFD was compared with those who lived with the elderly without any dependence. Hierarchical prevalence ratio (PR) models were estimated to test the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, changes in income, routine activities and health in the pandemic, with the outcome of worsening SRH. This worsening was more frequent in the group of women living with EFD. After adjusting for hierarchical factors, being black (PR=0.76; 95%CI 0.60-0.96) and having a per capita income lower than minimum wage (PR=0.78; 95%CI 0.64- 0.96) were shown to be protective factors for SRH worsening among EFD co-residents. Indisposition, emergence/worsening of back problems, affected sleep, poor SRH, feeling loneliness and difficulty in carrying out routine activities during the pandemic were positively associated factors. The study demonstrates that living with EFD was associated with a worsening in the health status of Brazilian women during the pandemic, especially among those of higher social status.

Pilot validation of a verbal practical judgement assessment (VPJ) among community-dwelling older adults in Israel: the first step toward a national standard.

Increased longevity and subsequent increase in older populations emphasize the importance of assisting older people to continue living in safe and residential situations for as long as possible. Judgement, an important aspect of cognition, and a predictor of function may become impaired and compromise safe living. Yet, judgement is difficult to assess, and few valid instruments are utilized in clinical settings that accurately evaluate judgement in older people. Objectives: This pilot study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and initiate the validation of the Hebrew version of the verbal practical judgement (VPJ) assessment among community-dwelling older people. Methods: A total of 50 older adults, aged over 65 years, living in the community in Israel, half of whom were independent (n=27, 54%), and the rest dependent participants in a day centre with some level of cognitive/functional decline, completed the VPJ evaluation and comparison assessments. Results: Positive and significant (p<0.05) relationships between VPJ and standard assessments were found, demonstrating convergent validity. By comparing VPJ scores between independent and dependent older adults, results also supported discriminant validity. Finally, a multiple hierarchical regression demonstrated a positive relationship between instrumental activities of daily living and judgement. Conclusions: This pilot study found the VPJ feasible, likely valid, and culturally adaptable to assess judgement in Israeli older adults. Assessing judgement will provide older adults and their families with essential information regarding function, cognition, and safety and will enable them to live/return home in accordance with their autonomy, safety, and well-being.

O aumento da longevidade e o subsequente aumento das populações mais velhas enfatizam a importância de ajudar os idosos a continuar vivendo em situações residenciais seguras pelo maior tempo possível. O julgamento, um aspecto importante da cognição e um preditor da função, pode ser prejudicado e comprometer uma vida segura. No entanto, o julgamento é difícil de avaliar e poucos instrumentos válidos são utilizados em ambientes clínicos que avaliam com precisão o julgamento em pessoas idosas. Objetivos: Este estudo piloto teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e iniciar a validação da versão hebraica da avaliação Verbal Practical Judgment (VPJ) entre idosos residentes na comunidade. Métodos: Cinquenta idosos, com mais de 65 anos, residentes na comunidade em Israel, metade dos quais eram independentes (n=27, 54%) e o restante participantes dependentes de um centro diurno com algum nível de declínio cognitivo/funcional, completaram o VPJ avaliações de avaliação e comparação. Resultados: Foram encontradas relações positivas e significativas (p<0,05) entre VPJ e avaliações padrão, demonstrando validade convergente. Ao comparar os escores VPJ entre idosos independentes e dependentes, os resultados também apoiaram a validade discriminante. Finalmente, uma regressão hierárquica múltipla demonstrou uma relação positiva entre AIVD e julgamento. Conclusão: Este estudo piloto considerou o VPJ viável, provavelmente válido e culturalmente adaptável para avaliar o julgamento em idosos israelenses. A avaliação do julgamento fornecerá aos idosos e suas famílias informações essenciais sobre função, cognição e segurança e os capacitará a viver/voltar para casa de acordo com sua autonomia, segurança e bem-estar.

Multidimensional Frailty and Traumatic Brain Injury among Older Adults: A Literature Review / Fragilidad multidimensional y lesión cerebral traumática en adultos mayores: Una revisión de la literature / Fragilidade multidimensional e traumatismo cranioencefálico em idosos: uma revisão da literatura

Background. Numerous health conditions in the older adult population can be attributed to falls, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), which can lead to devastating short and long-term sequelae. Older adults are also more likely to experience frailty, which encompasses physical, psychological, and social deficits that may lead to adverse health outcomes. Our literature review synthesizes current evidence for understanding frailty in the context of TBI among older adults using the Integral Model of Frailty as a framework. Content synthesis. A total of 32 articles were identified, and 9 articles were included. The results of this review indicate that outcomes resulting from TBI are closely linked to the physical, psychological, and social domains of frailty. Conclusions. A small amount of literature currently examines frailty in the context of TBI among older adults. Using the Integral Model of Frailty to Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(2): e02Multidimensional Frailty and Traumatic Brain Injury among Older Adults:A Literature Reviewunderstand frailty in the context of TBI can help clinicians anticipate patient outcomes and improve care plans. We emphasize the need for a greater understanding of TBI concerning frailty to improve health outcomes among older adult patients.

Antecedentes. Numerosos trastornos de salud en la población de adultos mayores pueden atribuirse a las caídas, incluida la lesión cerebral traumática (LCT), que puede provocar secuelas devastadoras a corto y largo plazo. Los adultos mayores también son más propensos a experimentar fragilidad, que abarca déficits físicos, psicológicos y sociales que pueden conducir a resultados adversos para la salud. Nuestra revisión de la literatura sintetiza la evidencia actual para la comprensión de la fragilidad en el contexto de la LCT entre los adultos mayores utilizando el Modelo Integral de Fragilidad como marco. Síntesis del contenido. Un total de 32 artículos fueron identificados, y 9 artículos fueron incluidos. Los hallazgos de esta revisión indican que los resultados de la LCT están estrechamente relacionados con los dominios físico, psicológico y social de la fragilidad. Conclusión. Una pequeña cantidad de literatura examina actualmente la fragilidad en el contexto de la LCT entre los adultos mayores. Usar el Modelo Integral de Fragilidad para entender la fragilidad en el contexto de la LCT puede ayudar a los clínicos a anticipar los resultados de los pacientes y mejorar los planes de cuidados. Enfatizamos la necesidad de una mayor comprensión de la LCT en relación con la fragilidad para mejorar los resultados de salud entre los pacientes adultos mayores.

Antecedentes. Numerosos distúrbios de saúde na população idosa podem ser atribuídos a quedas, incluindo traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE), que pode causar sequelas devastadoras a curto e longo prazo. Os idosos também são mais propensos a experimentar fragilidade, que engloba déficits físicos, psicológicos e sociais que podem levar a resultados adversos à saúde. Nossa revisão da literatura sintetiza as evidências atuais para entender a fragilidade no contexto do TCE entre idosos usando o Modelo Abrangente de Fragilidade como estrutura. Síntese de conteúdo. Um total de 32 artigos foram identificados e 9 artigos foram incluídos. As descobertas desta revisão indicam que os resultados do TCE estão intimamente relacionados aos domínios físico, psicológico e social da fragilidade. Conclusão.Um pequeno corpo de literatura atualmente examina a fragilidade no contexto do TCE entre adultos mais velhos. Usar o Modelo Abrangente de Fragilidade para entender a fragilidade no contexto do TCE pode ajudar os médicos a antecipar os resultados do paciente e melhorar os planos de tratamento. Enfatizamos a necessidade de uma maior compreensão do TCE em relação à fragilidade para melhorar os resultados de saúde entre pacientes idosos

Evaluación geriátrica integral en pacientes con fractura de cadera

Introducción. Las fracturas de cadera son un conjunto de patologías frecuentes en los adultos mayores frágiles, con impacto negativo sobre la funcionalidad. Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas, funcionales, mentales y sociales basados en la evaluación geriátrica integral. Métodos. Se evaluó a 445 pacientes, la comorbilidad se midió con el índice de Charlson, el estado funcional basal con el índice de Barthel y la escala de Lawton y Brody, el estado mental con el cuestionario de Pfeiffer, el delirio mediante el Confusion Assessment Method y la evaluación social con la Escala Sociofamiliar de Gijón. Las variables categóricas se presentaron como valor absoluto y porcentaje, y las continuas como media y desviación estándar. Resultados. El sexo femenino representó el 71,5%, el promedio de edad en mujeres fue de 81,58 años y en varones de 82,58 años. El deterioro visual fue 48,8% y el auditivo fue 46,1%. El 46,0% tuvieron más de una comorbilidad. 30,3% era independiente para actividades básicas, así como 90,3% de mujeres y 64,3% de hombres fueron dependientes para actividades instrumentales. El deterioro cognitivo estuvo presente en el 53,5% de los pacientes y delirio el 20,4%. En la segunda semana fueron operados 30,5% y en la tercera 21,6%. La mortalidad fue de 2,7% durante la hospitalización. Conclusión. Las características más frecuentes fueron de una octogenaria, con deterioro visual/auditivo, sin comorbilidad, pero pluripatológica, con dependencia leve para actividades básicas de vida diaria y deterioro cognitivo en entorno social de riesgo.

Introduction. Hip fractures are a group of frequent pathologies in frail older adults, with a negative impact on functionality. Objective. To determine the clinical, functional, mental, and social characteristics based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Methods. 445 patients were evaluated, comorbidity was measured with the Charlson index, baseline functional state with the Barthel index and the Lawton and Brody scale, mental state with the Pfeiffer questionnaire, delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method and social assessment with the Gijón Socio-Family Scale. Categorical variables were presented as absolute value and percentage and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation. Results. The female sex represented 71.5%, the average age in women was 81.58 years and in men 82.58 years. Visual impairment was 48.8% and hearing impairment 46.1%. 46% had more than one comorbidity. 30.3% were independent for basic activities, as well as 90.3% of women and 64.3% of men were dependent for instrumental activities. Cognitive impairment was present in 53.5% and delirium developed in 20.4%. In the second week, 30.5% were operated and in the third, 21.6%. Mortality was 2.7% during hospitalization. Conclusion. the most frequent characteristics were of an octogenarian, with visual / auditory deterioration, without comorbidity, but multipathological, with slight dependence for basic activities of daily living and cognitive deterioration in a risky social environment.

Prevalence of Polypharmacy of Older People in a Large Brazilian Urban Center and its Associated Factors.

BACKGROUND: With the aging population comes greater risks associated with polypharmacy, a significant public health problem. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy and its associated factors through Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) among older adults treated in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian urban center. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random sampling of 400 older adults using primary health care. Polypharmacy was defined as the cumulative use of five or more daily medications. An assessment of a sociodemographic and health survey, fear of falling, and physical disabilities affecting activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living was conducted. RESULTS: The mean age was 75.23 (SD: 8.53) years. The prevalence of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy was 37% (n = 148) and 1% (n = 4), respectively. The adjusted logistic regression showed that participants with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) (OR = 9.24; p = 0.003), diabetes (OR = 1.93; p = 0.003), and obesity (OR = 2.15; p = 0.005) were associated with a greater propensity to use polypharmacy. CONCLUSION: Our results show that older adults with CNCDs, diabetes, and obesity were more likely to use polypharmacy. The results reinforce the importance of using CGA in clinical practice in PHC.

Asociación entre bajos niveles de vitamina D y deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 / Association between low vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults: findings of the National Health Survey 2016-2017

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that low vitamin D levels constitute a potential risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and the suspicion of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study, including 1,287 participants ≥ 65 years (56.8% were women, age range 65 to 97 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants were classified into three groups according to their vitamin D levels (> 29 ng/ml sufficient, 12-29 ng/ml deficit, and < 12 ng/ml severe deficit). The association between vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment was explored using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficit and vitamin D severe deficit was 37.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Compared to older adults with sufficient levels of vitamin D, those with severe deficits had a 94% (OR: 1.94 [95% IC: 1.27; 1.66], p = 0.002) higher odds of cognitive impairment (unadjusted model). Adjusting according to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, adiposity, sunlight exposure, and multimorbidity slightly attenuated the association to 61% (OR: 1.61 [95%IC: 1.03; 2.19], p = 0.046), but remain significant. CONCLUSION: A severe deficit of vitamin D was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults independent of major confounding factors. Future studies are needed to provide causal evidence between vitamin D and the suspicion of cognitive impairment.