A contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire para a Vigilância Popular em Saúde / The contribution of Paulo Freire's thought to Popular Health Surveillance

Resumo Paulo Freire pensava a Educação Popular (EP) como um processo emancipatório, por meio da problematização e agir crítico como dimensões da existência humana. A partir de suas contribuições aos campos da Educação e da Saúde, este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre as articulações das ideias de Paulo Freire com as ações de Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS). O texto apresenta como a contribuição de Paulo Freire e da Educação Popular em Saúde inspirou a construção de uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde, que busca promover a transformação da realidade local frente às situações de violações de direitos e na defesa da vida. Dessa maneira, experiências dos territórios e das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, na maioria das vezes, lançam mão de estratégias pedagógicas da Educação Popular para se constituírem como práticas de VPS. É no território que a Educação Popular em Saúde se torna fundamental para o estímulo à transformação da percepção dos indivíduos, problematizando sua realidade. A promoção de uma práxis acerca da "situação limite" no cotidiano dos atores sociais permite um diagnóstico da realidade, baseado na informação científica em diálogo com a cultura e a organização popular, como possibilidade de construção de "inéditos viáveis".

Abstract Paulo Freire considered Popular Education (PE) as an emancipatory process, through debate and critical action, as a dimension of human existence. This text aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the articulations of Paulo Freire's ideas with Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) actions based on his contributions to Education and Health. The text presents how the contributions of Paulo Freire and Popular Health Education inspired the construction of Popular Health Surveillance, which seeks to promote the transformation of local reality in the face of rights violations and advocate for life. Thus, experiences from vulnerable territories and populations often use Popular Education pedagogical strategies to establish PHS practices. Popular Health Education becomes crucial in the territory to stimulate the transformation of individual perception and discuss their reality. Promoting a praxis about the "critical situation" in the daily lives of social stakeholders allows diagnosing reality based on scientific information in dialogue with culture and popular organization as a possibility of building the "viable unprecedented".

Uma experiência precursora do SUS com a participação de Paulo Freire / A precursor experience of the SUS with the participation of Paulo Freire

Resumo O texto desenvolve-se a partir de uma mesa redonda realizada na Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), como uma das atividades de comemorações do Centenário de Paulo Freire (2021). Objetiva registrar parte da sua passagem por essa universidade, nos anos de 1980 a 1991, a partir do trabalho realizado com a FE e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) por meio de atividades de formação e extensão no Centro de Saúde Escola de Paulínia-SP. Descreve e analisa as pautas do processo de redemocratização do país, os embates em torno das políticas públicas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e o processo de constituição de um sistema integrado e universal de educação e saúde pública coletiva a partir de uma perspectiva participativa.

Abstract The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire's Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country's re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective.

O ensino de lutas/artes marciais como uma prática de educação libertadora: entremeando círculos de cultura, situações-problema e jogos / The teaching of fights/martial arts as a liberating education practice: interspersing crop circles, situational issues, and games / La enseñanza de lucha/artes marciales como práctica de educación liberadora: intercalando círculos en las cosechas, problemas situacionales y juegos

RESUMO A inserção das Lutas/Artes Marciais no campo escolar tem sido tema frequente no campo da Educação Física. As obras de Paulo Freire emergem como possibilidade para atuação pedagógica nesse tema. Realizou-se uma pesquisa-formação qualitativa, com observação, análise e reflexão sobre a experiência com três turmas de Ensino Médio de uma escola pública do município de Lavras (Brasil), somando-se 44 horas/aula. Recorreu-se a um diário de bordo para registro. Os resultados apontaram para uma vasta bagagem cultural dos estudantes sobre o assunto. Concluiu-se que o ensino de práticas como essa, numa perspectiva de educação libertadora, pode contribuir com a formação de sujeitos autônomos, com visões ampliadas de mundo.

ABSTRACT The insertion of Fights/Martial Arts in the school field has been a frequent theme in the field of Physical Education. Paulo Freire's works emerge as a possibility for pedagogical action in this theme. A qualitative research was carried out, with observation, analysis and reflection on the experience with three high school classes from a public school in the municipality of Lavras (Brazil), adding up to 44 hours/class. A logbook was used for recording. The results pointed to a vast cultural baggage of students on the subject. It was concluded that the teaching of practices like this, in a perspective of liberating education, can contribute to the formation of autonomous subjects, with expanded views of the world.

RESUMEN La inserción de las Luchas/Artes Marciales en el ámbito escolar ha sido un tema frecuente en el campo de la Educación Física. Las obras de Paulo Freire emergen como una posibilidad de acción pedagógica en esta temática. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con observación, análisis y reflexión sobre la experiencia con tres clases de secundaria de una escuela pública del municipio de Lavras (Brasil), sumando 44 horas/clase. Para el registro se utilizó un cuaderno de bitácora. Los resultados apuntaron a un vasto bagaje cultural de los estudiantes sobre el tema. Se concluyó que la enseñanza de prácticas como ésta, en una perspectiva de educación liberadora, puede contribuir a la formación de sujetos autónomos, con visiones ampliadas del mundo.

What should we talk about? Contributions from Freirean Thematic Investigation in health education with adolescents.

Adolescence is an essential stage of life for developing actions related to health promotion, especially in health education (HE). Public policies advocate for the expansion of participative technologies in this field, as well as different theoretical and methodological perspectives subsidize these. Among these, Paulo Freire's reference guide is practiced in Brazil and around the world. From the Freirean perspective, Thematic Investigation (TI) defines the content of the educational practice. This paper describes a methodological proposal of the Freirean Thematic Investigation for developing health educational practices and promoting health among adolescents. Initially, we describe the conception of the Freirean rationale that sets the grounds for the proposed method: human being, dialogical education and reality and their connections with HE with adolescents in a critical perspective. The methodological proposal is systematized into five stages: (i) Approaching adolescents and the field of educational practices; (ii) Reading reality; (iii) Seminars for analyzing reality reading and preparing the codifications; (iv) Critical analysis of reality; and (v) Planning educational practices. The TI confronts the adult-centric perspectives that characterize adolescent health care. Moreover, as a praxis, TI is a process of reflection and action with adolescents, allowing for not only the discovery of the themes that build educational practices but also for solutions (untested feasibility) for the individual and collective problems experienced by adolescents concerning their health.

Comics as a Physical Education Tool for Health Promotion in Brazilian Primary Education, Based on Paulo Freire's Principles of Empowerment.

Incorrect postural habits developed already at an early age are predictors of low back pain and functional limitations in adult life. Postural education programs (PEPs) are activities developed in Physical Education classes with the aim of promoting healthy habits. One tool used by PEPs is comics. The objective of this study was to develop comics and apply them as a teaching tool in PEPs for students aged seven to ten years. The procedures were based on individual empowerment principles, including creation activities, reading, painting, crosswords, and discussion of comics. The activities strengthened the students' interactions, gaining new knowledge that required cognitive and expressive resources to interpret, associate, and conceptualize themes of correct body posture. During six weeks of intervention, knowledge about body posture, anatomy, and health promotion exercises increased significantly in relation to the beginning of activities. The comic book proved to be an effective, attractive, and low-cost didactic resource.

'I could never think of education without love'- Pedagogical love in the context of adult education.

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of love as a constituent of pedagogical professionalism, here called pedagogical love, in andragogical contexts. A study was conducted in Germany with this specific aim in mind. The results are presented, and relevant scientific literature on pedagogical love in andragogical contexts is discussed. Likewise, critical implications of pedagogical love are highlighted and conceivable foci for future research projects are outlined.

Reimagining Freire: beyond human relations.

By bridging critical pedagogy and environmental praxis, the contributions in this forum build on Freire's legacy while stretching his work. As the authors attend to more-than-human life, they theorize and enact relational ways of knowing. Through participatory and multisensory pedagogies, they counter dichotomies between nonhuman and human nature, student and teacher. In this response, I consider how this (re)centering of more-than-human relations expands-and counters-Freire's thinking, including how he articulates humanization as a primary, liberatory aim of teaching and (un)learning. Along with insights from Black geographies and Black feminist ecologies, bell hooks guides my response. hooks critiqued and engaged with Freire's work with radical care, with space for complexity and accountability. This way of reading feels particularly suited to this forum, as the authors reimagine Freire's contributions to critical (environmental) pedagogy for the twenty-first century and beyond.

"The freshness of irreverence": learning from ACT UP toward sociopolitical action in science education.

This article explores ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) through a Freirean lens of critical consciousness, dialogue, and transformation. The purpose is to draw from where there have been processes of engagement of sociopolitical action in science and how these spaces can become meaningful entry points to take toward making a "sociopolitical turn" in science education, as well as in science more broadly. Current practices in science education do not adequately prepare educators and students to challenge and interrupt injustices that we are emersed in. ACT UP is a well-studied example of when non-specialists engaged with science and scientific knowledge making to shift power and policy. Paulo Freire's pedagogy was developed alongside social movements. By examining ACT UP through a Freirean lens, I explore themes of relationality, social epistemology, consensus, and dissensus that emerged when a social movement engaged with science to achieve its goal. My intent is to add to the ongoing dialogues of approaching science education as a practice of critical consciousness and liberatory world making.

Sobre a autonomia e a ginástica: a práxis na implementação da ginástica para todos em organizações não governamentais / About autonomy and gymnastics: the praxis in implementing gymnastics for all (GPT) in non- governmental organizations / Sobre autonomía y gimnasia: la praxis en la implementación de la gimnasia para todos en organizaciones no gubernamentales

A Ginástica para Todos (GPT) tem se desenvolvido gradativamente em diferentes contextos sociais, mas ainda pouco em Organizações não Governamentais (ONGs). Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de implementação da GPT neste setor, numa perspectiva dialógica, crítica e emancipatória. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, organizada em três fases, em duas ONGs e com cinco educadores(as). Identificou-se que: os processos dialógico e de empoderamento dos(as) educadores(as) (por meio da práxis), nas quatro fases do processo, foram muito significativos; o curso de capacitação teve impacto na formação dos(as) educadores(as); a tutoria foi de muita relevância para o desenvolvimento das aulas e da coreografia; a apresentação no festival coroou o processo de implementação, constituindo-se uma realidade e uma meta alcançada para todos(as) os(as) envolvidos(as), inspirando autonomia para trajetórias futuras.

Gymnastics for All (GPT) has been gradually developing in different social contexts, but little has happened in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The research presents a proposal for implementing GPT in this sector, from a dialogical, critical, and emancipatory perspective. This documentary and field research, with a qualitative approach, was organized in three phases, in two NGOs and with five educators. It was identified that the dialogical process and empowerment of educators (through practice), in the four phases of the process, were very significant; the training course had an impact on the qualification of educators; tutoring was very important for the development of classes and choreography. The presentation at the festival proclaimed the implementation process, constituting as a reality and an objective achieved for everyone involved, inspiring autonomy for future trajectories.

La Gimnasia para Todos (GPT) lentamente viene desarrollándose en diferentes contextos sociales, pero aun parece que es muy poco en las ONGs. Esta investigación presenta una propuesta de implementación de la GTP en este sector, desde una perspectiva dialógica, critica y emancipatoria. Esta es una investigación documental y de campo, con un enfoque cualitativo, hecha en tres fases, en dos ONGs y con cinco educadores(as). Fue verificado que: los procesos dialógico y de empoderamiento de los educadores(as) (por medio de praxis), en las cuatro fases del proceso, fueron muy significativos; el curso de capacitación tuvo impacto en la formación de los educadores(as); La tutoría fue de mucha relevancia para el desarrollo de las clases y de la coreografía; la presentación en el festival coronó el proceso de implementación (finalizó con mucho éxito el proceso de implementación), constituyéndose cómo una realidad y una meta alcanzada por todos(as) los(as) involucrados(as), inspirándo autonomía para futuras trayectorias.

Development and validation of the 4-Factor Critical Consciousness Scale.

Assessment of critical consciousness among individuals can provide a proxy measure of the readiness of communities, and individual decision-makers within, for social changes that address root causes of ill health. Critical consciousness, as conceived by Paolo Freire, emerges as a consequence of praxis. This iterative, recursive process of reflection and co-created knowledge enables community members to identify salient issues and the actions they want to take to address those issues. Public health and other social science researchers who engage in social- and population-level intervention work need a validated instrument that measures critical consciousness. Our purpose was to develop an instrument that can measure 4 key constructs of critical consciousness (passive adaptation, emotional engagement, cognitive awakening, and intentions to act) in an individual, relative to any salient community issue. We conducted two studies (Initial: June 2018; Retest: October 2019) to develop and validate this instrument. The same sampling strategy was used for both studies, but each study was conducted with a discrete cohort of participants. We used Amazon's Mechanical Turk to recruit and incentivize study participants. Data from the Initial study were used in an iterative process to evaluate construct validity and test our theoretical assumptions. Exploratory factor analyses were used to determine the best model fit that gave the greatest subscale reliability and validity. In the Retest study, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and construct validity was verified. Our results indicated adequate construct validity as evidenced by good model fit. Additionally, the good fit of the data to the 4-factor structure confirmed our theoretical understanding of critical consciousness.

Paolo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed: A Way Past Oppression for the Nursing Profession.

Several factors predispose nursing to being regarded as an oppressed profession. A majority of nurses are female; the role of the nurse is often seen as being under the direction of physician's orders; and the nature of nurses' clinical practice is seen as task driven. We propose that nursing can be liberated from this image of oppression by transforming nursing education to empower nurses to embrace the fullness of their practice of caring: Providing all human beings with dignity and valuing the care they provide as equally vital to the human condition as the focus on curing is to their physician counterparts. Paolo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed proposes an educational model in which the teacher embraces the authentic thinking required of students in order to fully grasp their role, respecting what each student brings with them and recognizing the value of that knowledge. Trust must be built at every level of health care, beginning with nurses and their educators engaging in relationships rooted in communication, connection, and the ability to engage in productive dialogue. Should students and educators in nursing programs embrace the words of Freire, a transformation can take place in the health-care system. Nurses and nursing students will no longer carry the weight of oppression with them into the workforce.

Paulo Freire: Review of "The Pedagogy of the Oppressed" : 1st Edition, Penguin Random House UK, London, 2017.

Book review of "The Pedagogy of the Oppressed" by Paulo Freire.

Educação Física escolar e mediação pedagógica: uma revisão sobre a produção do conhecimento / School Physical Education and pedagogical mediation: a review of knowledge production / Educación Física escolar y mediación pedagógica: una revisión de la producción de conocimiento

Este artigo de revisão sistemática buscou compreender como a mediação pedagógica vem sendo compreendida pela literatura científica da Educação Física Escolar quanto à produção do conhecimento. Para tal, consultamos duas bases de dados nas quais identificamos 9 artigos que atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. Identificamos que a mediação pedagógica se apresenta fundamentada, com expressiva referência, nos estudos de Vygotsky, destacando-se a teoria sobre a zona de desenvolvimento proximal como suporte teóricometodológico aos processos de ensino e aprendizagens da Educação Física Escolar. Em vista disso, localizamos 3 palavraschave transversais aos estudos analisados (Comportamento, Sistematização do Conhecimento e Intervenção), a partir das quais estabelecemos categorias de análise e apresentamos as sínteses de nossas interpretações. Para esse diálogo, buscamos suporte na Educação Libertadora de Paulo Freire, o que nos permitiu sugerir pelo reposicionamento da mediação pedagógica na Educação Física Escolar na perspectiva da pedagogia do oprimido

This systematic review article sought to understand how pedagogical mediation has been understood by the scientific literature of Physical Education in terms of knowledge production. For this, we consulted two databases in which we identified 9 articles that met the established criteria. We identified that pedagogical mediation is based, with expressive reference, on Vygotsky's studies, highlighting the theory about the zone of proximal development as a theoreticalmethodological support to the teaching and learning processes of Physical Education at School. In view of this, we located 3 keywords transversal to the analyzed studies (Behavior, Systematization of Knowledge and Intervention), from which we established analysis categories and presented the summaries of our interpretations. For this dialogue, we sought support in the Liberating Education of Paulo Freire, which allowed us to suggest the repositioning of the pedagogical mediation in the School Physical Education in the perspective of the pedagogy of the oppressed.

Este artículo de revisión sistemática buscó comprender cómo la mediación pedagógica ha sido entendida por la literatura científica de la Educación Física en términos de producción de conocimiento. Para ello consultamos dos bases de datos en las que identificamos 9 artículos que cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Identificamos que la mediación pedagógica se fundamenta, con referencia expresiva, en los estudios de Vygotsky, destacando la teoría sobre la zona de desarrollo próximo como soporte teórico-metodológico a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Educación Física en la Escuela. Ante esto, ubicamos 3 palabras clave transversales a los estudios analizados (Comportamiento, Sistematización del Conocimiento e Intervención), a partir de las cuales establecimos categorías de análisis y presentamos los resúmenes de nuestras interpretaciones. Para este diálogo, buscamos apoyo en la Educación Liberadora de Paulo Freire, que nos permitió proponer el reposicionamiento de la.

Eliciting critical hope in community-based HIV research with transgender women in Toronto, Canada: methodological insights.

Critical hope centres optimism and possibilities for change in the midst of struggles for social justice. It was a central tenet of early participatory pedagogy and HIV research. However, critical hope has been overlooked in contemporary HIV research that largely focuses on risk and biomedical interventions in ways that obscure collective agency and community strengths. We conducted a community-based study with transgender (trans) women of colour in Toronto, Canada to adapt an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention. Participants resisted a focus on HIV, instead calling researchers to centre journeys to self-love in contexts of social exclusion. In response, we piloted three arts-based, participatory methods generated with community collaborators: (i) affirmation cards sharing supportive messages with other trans women, (ii) hand-held mirrors for reflecting and sharing messages of self-acceptance and (iii) anatomical heart images to visualize coping strategies. Participants generated solidarity and community through shared stories of self-acceptance within contexts of pain, exclusion and loss. Narratives revealed locating agency and self-acceptance through community connectedness. Critical hope was a by-product of this participatory process, whereby participants shared personal and collective optimism. Participatory and arts-based methods that centre self-acceptance and solidarity can nurture resistance to pathologizing discourses in HIV research. Centring critical hope and participant-generated methodologies is a promising approach to transformative health promotion and intervention research. These methodological insights can be engaged in future participatory work with other marginalized groups facing dominant biomedical risk discourses. Critical hope holds potential as a participatory health promotion strategy for envisioning possibilities for sustainable change.

Optimism and possibility for change in the midst of social justice struggles are central to critical hope and change-oriented research. The concept of critical hope guided community-based activism and research, including early in the HIV pandemic. Yet current HIV research largely focuses on individual risks and biomedical solutions, which may overlook critical hope and the important role of community connection in promoting wellbeing. Our community-based study with transgender (trans) women of colour in Toronto, Canada aimed to adapt an HIV prevention intervention. Participants challenged the HIV focus and invited the research team to instead focus on pathways to self-acceptance in larger contexts of social exclusion. In response, we developed three arts-based activities to pilot-test at three workshops: affirmation cards to write supportive messages to other trans women, hand-held mirrors to write messages of self-acceptance, and anatomical heart images to visualize coping strategies. Through these activities, participants shared stories of self-acceptance that occurred over time and through community connectedness, often in the face of exclusion and discrimination. Perspectives on personal and collective optimism, reflecting critical hope, were shared in the workshops. Participant-generated methodologies that offer opportunities to discuss critical hope can be promising approach to transformative health promotion and intervention research.

The use of system dynamics for energy and environmental education.

The use of system dynamics as a learning tool for developing sustainable energy strategies and environmental education has advanced in recent years with the availability of new modelling software and webtools. Among the existing models, we highlight the online 2050 Calculators, which aim at simulating scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions, energy planning, sustainable land use, and food consumption. The objective of this study is to assess the available calculators and their contribution to an interdisciplinary education via systems thinking. We carried out a review of the existing models worldwide and ran some of the tools with students from three different postgraduate programmes at master's level at Imperial College London (United Kingdom) and IFP School (France), whilst also assessing their individual views afterwards. The assessments were conducted once a year during three subsequent years: 2019, 2020, and 2021. The results are discussed under the epistemology of critical pedagogy, showing that the use of webtools, such as the 2050 Calculators, can significantly contribute to the students' environmental awareness and political engagement, providing important lessons about the use of system dynamics for policy and science education.

Solidariedade em ação: uma seção em foco codesenhada com pesquisadores brasileiros e internacionais / Solidaridad en acción: un número especial codiseñado con investigadores brasileños e internacionales / Solidarity in action: a co-designed special issue with brazilian and international researchers

O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer um modelo para colegas que desejam aproveitar a oportunidade de trabalhar juntos em todas as nacionalidades para questionar a solidariedade. Nesta seção Em Foco, vinte e dois pesquisadores (nove brasileiros e treze internacionais) trabalharam em seis pequenos grupos durante dois anos para escrever sobre suas experiências com práticas colaborativas. Partindo do conceito de solidariedade de Freire, os editores compartilharam as etapas do processo de co-design, bem como suas visões que resultaram em três temas: (a) a necessidade de aumentar a visibilidade da comunidade acadêmica brasileira; (b) nosso cuidado coletivo com linguagem e comunicação; e (c) como ao liderar este projeto nos repensamos de diferentes maneiras. Defendemos que o modelo da seção Em Foco coelaborada deve ser fundamentado na solidariedade quando utilizado por colegas de outros países. É uma solidariedade baseada na partilha da luta para mudar as desigualdades sociais com as pessoas e a vontade de doar e repensar a nós mesmos. (AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un modelo para colegas que desean aprovechar la oportunidad de trabajar juntos en todas las nacionalidades para cuestionar la solidaridad. En este número especial, 22 investigadores (nueve brasileños y trece internacionales) trabajaron en seis pequeños grupos durante dos años para escribir sobre sus experiencias en prácticas colaborativas. Basados en el concepto de solidaridad de Freire, los editores compartieron las etapas del proceso de codiseño, así como sus puntos de vista, que dieron como resultado tres temas: (a) la necesidad de aumentar la exposición de la comunidad académica brasileña; (b) nuestra preocupación colectiva por el lenguaje y la comunicación; y (c) cómo al liderar este proyecto nos repensamos de diferentes maneras. Argumentamos que el modelo del número especial codiseñado debe basarse en la solidaridad cuando sea utilizado por colegas de otros países. Es una solidaridad basada en compartir la lucha por cambiar las desigualdades sociales con las personas y la voluntad de donar y repensarnos. (AU)

The purpose of this paper is to offer a template for colleagues who wish to seize the opportunity to work together across nationalities to interrogate solidarity. In this Special Issue, twenty-two researchers (nine Brazilians and thirteen international) worked in six small groups for two years to write about their experiences with collaborative practices. Drawing on Freire's concept of solidarity, the editors shared the steps of the co-design process as well as their views which resulted in three themes: (a) the need of heightening the exposure of the Brazilian academic community; (b) our collective care about language and communication; and (c) how in leading this project we rethought ourselves in different ways. We argue that the template of the co-designed Special Issue should be grounded on solidarity when utilised by colleagues in other countries. It is a solidarity based on sharing the struggle to change social inequalities with people and the will to give and rethink ourselves. (AU)

'Flores da revolução': notas para uma pedagogia do trabalho em Paulo Freire / 'Flowers of the revolution': notes for a pedagogy of work in Paulo Freire / 'Flores de la revolución': notas para una pedagogía del trabajo en Paulo Freire

Resumo O principal objetivo deste ensaio consiste em problematizar elementos constitutivos de uma pedagogia do trabalho presente nas obras de Paulo Freire, com ênfase na experiência registrada no livro Cartas à Guiné-Bissau. Destarte, uma das ideias que desenvolvo é aquela segundo a qual Paulo Freire, ao tratar do tema da educação de adultos, no decorrer de sua experiência como educador, tratou em última análise de processos de educação de trabalhadores, um patrimônio singular de educação crítica e libertadora da classe trabalhadora. Por meio da análise das cartas guineenses em diálogo com outras obras do próprio Freire e autores do campo do materialismo histórico, observaram-se fundamentos de uma pedagogia do trabalho de natureza revolucionária e caráter anticolonial. Assim, chegou-se a seis temas pedagógicos principais relacionados à categoria trabalho: educação e trabalho produtivo; a escola do trabalho; formação de trabalhadores; educação, produção e saúde; o novo intelectual coletivo; e pedagogia da luta e descolonização das mentalidades. 'Flores da revolução' consiste em um texto que celebra o fecundo legado teórico-metodológico freiriano, herdado pelo processo revolucionário de Guiné-Bissau, bem como comemora os cem anos de nascimento de Paulo Freire em 2021.

Abstract The main objective of this essay is to problematize constitutive elements of a pedagogy of work present in the works of Paulo Freire, with emphasis on the experience recorded in the book Cartas à Guiné-Bissau. Thus, one of the ideas that I develop is that according to which Paulo Freire, when dealing with the subject of adult education, in the course of his experience as an educator, ultimately dealt with the processes of worker education, a unique heritage of critical and liberating education of the working class. Through the analysis of Guinean letters in dialogue with other works by Freire himself and authors in the field of historical materialism, the foundations of a pedagogy of work of a revolutionary nature and anti-colonial character were observed. Thus, we arrived at six main pedagogical themes related to the work category: education and productive work; the school of work; training of workers formation; education, production and health; the new collective intellectual; and pedagogy of struggle and decolonization of mentalities. 'Flowers of the revolution' consists of a text that celebrates Freire's fertile theoretical-methodological legacy, inherited by the revolutionary process of Guinea-Bissau, as well as commemorating the 100th anniversary of Paulo Freire's birth in 2021.

Resumen El principal objectivo de este ensayo consiste en problematizar elementos constitutivos de una pedagogía del trabajo presente en las obras de Paulo Freire, con enfásis en la experiencia registrada en el libro Cartas à Guinea-Bissau. Sin embargo, una de las ideas que desarollo aquí es aquella según la cual Paulo Freire, al tratar del tema de la educación de los adultos, a lo largo de su experiencia como educador, se ocupó, en última análisis, de procesos de educación de trabajadores, un património singular de la educación crítica y libertadora de la clase obrera. A través del análisis de las cartas guineanas, en diálogo con otras obras del propio Freire y autores del campo del materialismo histórico, se observaron fundamentos de una pedagogía del trabajo de naturaleza revolucionaria y caracter anticolonial. De esta forma, se llegó a seis principales temas relacionados a la categoría trabajo: educación y trabajo productivo; la escuela del trabajo; formación de trabajadores; educación, producción y salud; el nuevo intelectual colectivo; y pedagogía de la lucha y descolonización de las mentalidades. 'Flores de la revolución' consiste en un texto que celebra el fecundo legado teórico-metodológico de la obra de Freire, heredado por el proceso revolucionario de Guinea-Bissau, así como celebra los cien años de nascimiento de Paulo Freire en 2021.

Da contracultura à somaterapia: a criação e o desenvolvimento inicial de uma terapia anarquista / From counterculture to somatherapy: the creation and early development of an anarchist therapy

Resumo Este trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa maior, na qual se procura compreender como a somaterapia de Roberto Freire surgiu e se desenvolveu a partir da contracultura dos anos 1970. Abordam-se a criação e o desenvolvimento inicial da somaterapia, partindo do que se compreende ser um "mito de criação": uma narrativa ordenada e coerente que explica o surgimento da terapia e que aparece, de forma recorrente, com poucas alterações. Analisam-se, ainda, narrativas posteriores a esse período que remetem ao processo de nomeação da somaterapia. Nesta análise, são encontrados conflitos de dados e incongruências que indicam a complexidade desses processos e o esforço dos autores no sentido de ordenação e legitimação da técnica terapêutica.

Abstract This work is part of a larger survey on how Roberto Freire's somatherapy emerged and developed from the counterculture of the 1970s, addressing the creation and initial development of somatherapy, starting from what is understood to be a "creation myth," an orderly and coherent narrative explaining the emergence of this therapy that is frequently repeated with few changes. Later narratives referring to the process of naming somatherapy are also examined, revealing inconsistencies and conflicts in the data that indicate the complexity of these processes and the authors' efforts to add order and legitimacy to this therapeutic technique.

Terapia ocupacional social: formulações à luz de referenciais freireanos / Social occupational therapy: formulations by freirian references

Resumo Realiza-se uma reflexão crítica, tendo como finalidade discorrer sobre a terapia ocupacional social, enquanto campo de saberes e práticas, com base no referencial freireano, com foco em três conceitos: educação como prática da liberdade, diálogo e conscientização. A terapia ocupacional social busca articular práxis junto a populações em processos de rupturas de suas redes sociais de suporte e que vivenciam limitações na participação social, por meio de ações que articulam a dimensão comunitária e territorial dos sujeitos, em perspectiva micro e macrossocial. Entende-se que as formulações de Paulo Freire são potentes para orientar essas intervenções, tendo em vista que os conceitos apreendidos fortificam os percursos já percorridos pelas especificidades do campo, dando base para se ir além. São referenciais teóricos consistentes para se elaborar e realizar ações comprometidas com a libertação de sujeitos e grupos subalternizados, oferecendo aportes para se lidar com relações de opressão e fomentar as possibilidades de transformação. Exigem, todavia, o compromisso com a luta por uma sociedade mais justa, ou menos desigual, tendo o diálogo, a liberdade e a conscientização como princípios para o seu quefazer técnico e ético-político, engendrando ou indo na direção do inédito-viável.

Abstract This is a critical reflection aimed to discuss the social occupational therapies as a knowledge and practice area, using the Freirian references, focused on three concepts: education as the practice of freedom, dialogue, and conscientization. The social occupational therapy seeks to articulate praxis with the populations in process of ruptures of its social networks and that life experiences limitations in the social participation, through actions that articulate the social and communitarian dimension of the individuals, in the micro and macrosocial perspectives. We understand that Paulo Freire's formulations are powerful to guide these interventions since the concepts learned to strengthen the paths already covered by the specificities of the area, providing a basis for going further. They are theoretical references consistent to elaborate and perform engaged actions with the freeing of the subalternate groups, offering contributions to deal with oppression relationships and encourage the possibilities of transformation. It demands, nevertheless, the engagement with the struggle by a fairer society, or less unequal, having the dialog, the freedom, and the conscientization as principles to their technical and ethics-political praxis, creating or stepping forward of the untested feasibility.

Application of Freire's adult education model in modifying the psychological constructs of health belief model in self-medication behaviors of older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Self-medication by older adults has been always a public health concern. The present study aimed to modify the psychological constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM) in relation to self-medication behaviors using Freire's Adult Education Model (FAEM) among older adults in Khorramabad, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. METHODS: The mean age of the older adults was 66.28 ± 7.18 years. This was a randomized controlled trial study conducted on 132 individuals older than 60 who were referred from different health care centers. The participants were selected using multistage sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire which was designed based on both HBM and self-medication behaviors questionnaire. The phase of adult education model (AEM) was used to modify the psychological constructs of HBM and self-medication behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, chi-squared test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and univariate modeling were employed for the purpose of analyzing data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of self-medication. Unawareness of the effects of medicine were the most important reason for self-medication (p = 0.50). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, and self-medication behaviors (p > 0.05). However, they came up to be considerably different for the above variables after the intervention was implemented (p <  0.05). When the findings were adjusted for the effects of confounding variables, there were significant differences between the two groups in almost all constructs of HBM and their behaviors (p <  0.05). However, the perceived barrier modality of HBM did not reach to a significant level of difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention, which was based on Freire's AEM, had positive effects on the constructs of HBM and consequently on self-medication behaviors. The psychological constructs of HBM were affected at the phases of listening to problems. Self-medication was tempered at the action-reflection phase with shared creation and evaluation of the action plan geared toward the achievement of the behavioral objectives. The results might be of importance to healthcare professionals involved in care of older patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials IRCT2013091814512N2. Registered on January 2 - prospectively registered, the trial was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry http://www.irct.ir .