Correlation of plasma galectin-3 and plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) with the severity of coronary artery disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS: 130 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) by coronary angiography from October 2018 to August 2019 in the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, were matched into the CHD group, with 68 cases in the mild stenosis (MS) group (degree of stenosis 50%~75%), and 62 cases in the severe stenosis (SS) group (degree of stenosis ≥75%). For comparison, patients with negative results of angiography during the same period (stenosis degree <50%) were assigned to the normal group. Indicators for detection included plasma Gal-3, Lp-PLA2 concentrations, Gensini scores, and MACE events in a 30-day follow-up visit. RESULTS: Remarkably higher plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 concentrations in the CHD group were observed in comparison with the normal group. The SS group obtained a more positive result regarding plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 concentrations and Gensini scores than the MS group (P<0.05). The highest concentration of plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 was detected in the multi-vessel disease (MVD) group, followed by the double-vessel disease (DVD) group, and finally the single-vessel disease (SVD) group. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 concentrations with Gensini scores (P<0.05). Results of the follow-up visit presented strong relevance between noticeably higher concentrations of the plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 and MACE events (P<0.05). Increased Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 are risk factors for the prognosis of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Plasma Gal-3 and Lp-PLA2 concentrations in patients with CHD are strongly related to the severity of coronary artery disease and MACE events, which is valuable for assessing the risk of patients in clinical practice.

Associations between the IL-6-neutralizing sIL-6R-sgp130 buffer system and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: As a major inflammatory pathway in coronary artery disease (CAD), IL-6 trans-signaling is activated by the IL-6: sIL-6Rα binary complex (B) and inhibited by sgp130 through forming the IL-6: sIL-6Rα: sgp130 ternary complex (T). The aim of the present study was to examine the possible relationship between biomarkers mirroring the IL-6-neutralizing sIL-6R-sgp130 buffer system and CAD in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Our study recruited 155 CAD patients and 181 controls among postmenopausal women. Circulating levels of IL-6, sIL-6Rα and sgp130 were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the B/T ratio was calculated by the specific formulas. RESULTS: CAD patients showed significantly higher circulating levels of IL-6 and sIL-6Rα, significantly higher B/T ratio, and significantly lower sgp130 levels than controls (all P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that IL-6 levels (r=0.185, P<0.01) and B/T ratio (r=0.319, P<0.01) were positively related to Gensini scores, while elevated sgp130 levels were significantly associated with decreased Gensini scores (r=-0.565, P<0.001). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that Gensini scores were negatively associated with serum sgp130 levels (ß-coefficient =-0.318, P<0.001) and had a positive association with IL-6 levels (ß-coefficient =0.138, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that after adjusting for confounding factors, higher sgp130 remained an independent predictor of lower incidence of CAD in women after menopause (OR =0.904; 95% CI: 0.837-0.976, P=0.010). Moreover, sgp130 levels at 136.01 ng/mL (AUC =0.957, 95% CI: 0.928-0.986, P<0.001) and B/T ratio at 1.51 (AUC =0.765; 95% CI: 0.702-0.828, P<0.001) were effective cut-off points to determine the presence of CAD based on receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this small case-control study, sgp130 and B/T ratio in the IL-6-neutralizing sIL-6R-sgp130 buffer system may be promising biomarkers for CAD diagnosis and assessments of coronary stenosis severity in postmenopausal women.

Low-density lipoprotein-associated variables and the severity of coronary artery disease: an untreated Chinese cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causal risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and LDL-associated variables including LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], small dense LDL (sd-LDL), and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) have been widely used for predicting the risk of CAD. This study was aimed to compare the values of six LDL-related variables for predicting the severity of CAD using untreated patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). METHODS: A group of 1977 individuals were consecutively enrolled and divided into CAD (n = 1151) and non-CAD groups (n = 826) according to the results of CAG. LDL-C, apoB, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), sd-LDL and ox-LDL were measured, respectively. The numbers of stenotic arteries and Gensini Scores (GS) were used to calculate the severity of CAD and the associations of six variables with the severity of CAD and predicting value of these parameters were simultaneously examined. RESULTS: CAD patients had significantly higher concentrations of LDL-related variables than non-CAD ones (all p < 0.05). Importantly, all variables rose with the increase in the severity of CAD. The predicting value of CAD manifested as sd-LDL > ox-LDL > apoB > non-HDL-C > LDL-C > Lp(a) [area under curve (AUC): sd-LDL 0.641; ox-LDL 0.640; apoB 0.611; non-HDL-C 0.587; LDL-C 0.583; Lp(a) 0.554; respectively]. In multivariate logistic analysis, all variables showed as independent risk factors for the severity of CAD [odds ratio (OR): ox-LDL > sd-LDL > apoB > non-HDL-C > LDL-C > Lp(a)]. CONCLUSIONS: All of LDL-related variables could be useful marker for predicting the severity of CAD but sd-LDL and ox-LDL appeared to litter better. Further study may be needed to validate our results.

Correlation between serum Galetin-3,inflammatory factors and the severity of coronary lesion and major adverse cardiac events / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To observe the serum levels of Gal-3,Hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α,and discuss the correlation between those indicators and the severity of coronary lesion and major adverse cardiac events( MACE). Methods Serum levels of Gal-3,Hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in 126 patients with coronary heart disease and 54 patients with non-coronary heart disease. To analyze the correlation between those indicators and the severity of cor-onary lesion and MACE. Results Serum levels of Gal-3 and inflammatory factors of in the coronary heart disease group were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0. 01),and serum levels of Gal-3 and in-flammatory factors in the multi-vessel disease group and the severe coronary disease stenosis group higer than that of the double-vessel disease group,the single-vessel disease group and the mild coronary disease stenosis group ( P<0. 05). Serum levels of Gal-3,inflammatory factors and Gensini scores were positively correlated(P<0. 01). Ser-um levels of Gal-3 , inflammatory factors were significantly higher with MACE compared to without MACE ( P <0. 05). Conclusion The serum levels of Gal-3 and Hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,Gensini scores in patients with coronary heart disease are positively correlated,serum Gal-3 has great potential to become effective clinical indicators,which could be used to preliminary predict the severity of coronary artery disease and evaluate the short-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease.

The relation of serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis with the severity of coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: The balance of oxidant and antioxidant status plays a key role in the coronary artery diseases (CAD). Thiol is one of the most important antioxidant barriers in humans, and thiol/disulphide homeostasis is a novel oxidative stress marker. AIM: We aimed to investigate the relation of serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis with the presence and severity of CAD. METHODS: A total of 161 patients who underwent coronary angiography owing to stable angina pectoris were consecutively enrolled. They were divided into three groups. Group I - 47 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal coronary angiography (control); group II - 71 newly diagnosed CAD patients with noncritical stenosis; and group III - 43 newly diagnosed CAD patients with critical stenosis. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels were measured, and disulphide/thiol ratios were calculated. Gensini scores were calculated in CAD patients. RESULTS: While the highest thiol levels were found in group I, the lowest one was observed in group III (p < 0.001). Total and native thiol levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I (p < 0.001 for each), but they increased considerably in group II compared with group III (p = 0.031 and p = 0.028, respectively). Disulphide levels decreased in group II and III compared with group I (p < 0.001 for each). No statistically significant changes were observed in disulphide/thiol ratios (p > 0.05). Gensini scores were negatively correlated with total and native thiols, and positively with age and dyslipidaemia. Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that native thiol was an independent predictor in the final model for Gensini score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that thiol values of 310.7 or below could predict CAD with 89% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC = 0.918; 95% CI 0.870-0.965). CONCLUSIONS: While the disulphide/thiol ratio did not change significantly, decreased native thiol levels were associated with the presence and severity of CAD. This result indicates that the reduction of thiols may be an important factor in the development of CAD.

Is the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 the best predictor for the severity of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics with stable angina pectoris? An assessment based on Gensini scores.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data about the best lipid ratio predicting the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We determined the relationship between five conventional lipid ratios and the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese Type 2 diabetics with stable angina pectoris (SAP). METHODS: A prospective cohort study within 373 type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography was performed. All patients were classified into three groups according to the tertiles of Gensini scores (GS, low group < 8 points n = 143; intermediate group 8-28 points, n = 109; high group > 28 points, n = 121). Association between the ratios of apolipoprotein (apo) B and apoA-1, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides and HDL-C (TG/HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C), Non-HDL-C/HDL-C and GS were evaluated using the receivers operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The ratio of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were correlated with Gensini scores. Area under the ROC curves for predicting high Gensini scores in the ratios of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were 0.62, 0.60, 0.59 and 0.60, respectively (P < 0.005 for all). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusted with demographic characteristic and other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 is qualified as an independent discriminator for the severity of CAD. However, after further adjusting different baseline variables, such as left ventricular ejective fraction, hemoglobin A1c, leukocytes count and serum creatinine, none of the above lipid ratios remained. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 appears to be more significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics, but it was not an independent predictor in these settings.

Correlation between PPARγand coronary stenosis and plaque stabilit of patients with ACS and T2DM / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of PPARγ in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and plaque stability. Methods We selected 102 patients with ACS, including 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ACS+T2DM group) and 50 patients with simply ACS (ACS group). Meanwhile, we selected 30 patients without coronary heart disease and T2DM as the control group. All basic clinic data, CAG and the Gensini score were compared among all groups. To all patients, blood was drew when they were enrolled to detect the level of PPARγ and MMP-9. Results Gensini points in the ACS+T2DM group was much higher than that of the ACS group (P < 0.05). The levels of PPARγ of the ACS group and the ACS+T2DM group, when compared with the control group, were decreased significantly, but the level of MMP-9 were increased (all P < 0.05). The level of PPARγ in the ACS+T2DM group was much lower than the ACS group, and the level of MMP-9 was much higher (P<0.05). Gensini scores (r=-0.416, P<0.05), the level of MMP-9(r= - 0.503, P < 0.05) were correlated negatively with the level of PPARγ. Conclusions Complicating with T2DM can aggravate coronary artery disease and plaque instability degree in ACS patients, and PPARγpossibly make an protective effect.

Relationship between placental growth factor and acute coronary syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objecitve To investigate the relationship between placental growth factor and acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods 70 cases of patients with acute chest pain were enrolled. 36 cases of patients who is posi-tive on cardiac troponin T(cTnT) as treatment group, 24 patients who is negative on cTnT as control group, blood of all patients were detected about PLGF and cTnT in hospital,and coromary angiography examination, Gemini score is used to evaluate coronary artery lesion. Result PLGF and cTnT were elevated in ACS, it had significant difference between two groups(P <0. 01) ,PLGF and cTnT are significantly positive correlated(r= 1.2,P <0. 01), PLGF and cornorary artery lesion severity are significantly positive correlated(r = 1 ,P <0. 01). Conclusion PLGF is helpful to predict ACS attack to comorary heart disease,higher PLGF predicts unstable to coronary artery lesion in coronary heart disease.