ABSTRACT
Serum samples (n = 1532) were collected between May 2011 to April 2012 from goats from 76 herds (49 from dairy farms and 27 herds for genetic improvement) from three geographical regions from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed using agar gel immunodiffusion test, with p28 CAEV antigen. The objective was to determine the risk factors for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in dairy goats and goats with high genetic value. Overall, seroprevalence was 13.7% (210/1532) [95% CI: 12-15.4%] in animals and 67.1% (51/76) [95% CI: 56.5%- 77.7%] in herds. In dairy farms the seroprevalence was 73.5% (36/49) [95% CI: 61.1%- 85.8%], and in properties with animals of high genetic value it was 55.6% (15/27) [95% CI: 36.8%- 74.3%]. Robust Poisson regression analysis adjusted by the random effect of the herd showed that risk factors were: importing bucks from another Brazilian state (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.73 [95% CI: 2.05; 10.88]), not isolating sick animals (PR = 3.27 [95% CI: 2.24; 4.76]), and participating in fairs/animal crowding (PR = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.09; 2.11]). Prevalence results show that SRLV is present in caprine herds in the state of Pernambuco and identified risk factors are strongly related to animal transit. Considering the epidemiological situation, the first step for mitigating the consequences of this disease would be controlling animal transit.
Subject(s)
Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Goat Diseases , Lentivirus Infections , Animals , Goats , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and economic indicators of baby goats region submitted to different feeding systems in the Semiarid. A total of 30 baby goats of breed Parda Alpina × without defined racial pattern (SPRD) with initial weight of 3.35 kg ± 0.65 kg and final weight of 12.3 kg ± 0.5 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design in three breastfeeding systems with ten replicates each: traditional system (with natural breastfeeding), intensive breastfeeding system without concentrated supplementation, and intensive breastfeeding with concentrated supplementation. Goats submitted to the intensive artificial feeding system without concentrated supplementation showed a similar weight gain (121 g/day) when compared to the goats submitted to the system of suckling with concentrated supplementation (126 g/day). The highest income was provided by the animals submitted to the intensive system of suckling with concentrate. The gross margin for the two centenarians was positive, that is, revenues are higher than the effective operating cost, allowing us to conclude that the activity is paying off and will survive, at least in the short term. The diet of kids using concentrate provided better dry matter intake, greater weight gain and consequently presented better economic indicators.
Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e indicadores econômicos de cabritos mamão submetidos a diferentes sistemas de alimentação na região semiárida. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos da raça Parda Alpina × sem padrão racial definido (SPRD) com peso inicial de 3,35 kg ± 0,65 kg e peso final de 12,3 kg ± 0,5 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em três sistemas de aleitamento com dez repetições cada: sistema tradicional (com aleitamento natural), sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial sem suplementação concentrada, e sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial com suplementação concentrada. Os cabritos submetidos ao sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial sem suplementação concentrada destacaram-se por apresentarem similar ganho de peso (121 g/dia) quando comparados aos cabritos submetidos ao sistema de aleitamento com suplementação concentrada (126 g/dia). A maior receita foi pro-porcionada pelos os animais submetidos ao sistema intensivo de aleitamento com concentrado. A margem bruta para os dois centenários foi positiva, ou seja, as receitas são superiores ao custo operacional efetivo, permitindo concluir que a atividade está se remunerando e sobreviverá, pelo menos em curto prazo. O sistema de alimentação de cabritos com uso de concentrado proporcionou melhor consumo de matéria seca, maior ganho de peso e consequentemente apresentou melhores indicadores econômicos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Goats , Weaning , Economic Indexes , Lactation , Animals, SucklingABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and economic indicators of baby goats region submitted to different feeding systems in the Semiarid. A total of 30 baby goats of breed Parda Alpina × without defined racial pattern (SPRD) with initial weight of 3.35 kg ± 0.65 kg and final weight of 12.3 kg ± 0.5 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design in three breastfeeding systems with ten replicates each: traditional system (with natural breastfeeding), intensive breastfeeding system without concentrated supplementation, and intensive breastfeeding with concentrated supplementation. Goats submitted to the intensive artificial feeding system without concentrated supplementation showed a similar weight gain (121 g/day) when compared to the goats submitted to the system of suckling with concentrated supplementation (126 g/day). The highest income was provided by the animals submitted to the intensive system of suckling with concentrate. The gross margin for the two centenarians was positive, that is, revenues are higher than the effective operating cost, allowing us to conclude that the activity is paying off and will survive, at least in the short term. The diet of kids using concentrate provided better dry matter intake, greater weight gain and consequently presented better economic indicators.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e indicadores econômicos de cabritos mamão submetidos a diferentes sistemas de alimentação na região semiárida. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos da raça Parda Alpina × sem padrão racial definido (SPRD) com peso inicial de 3,35 kg ± 0,65 kg e peso final de 12,3 kg ± 0,5 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em três sistemas de aleitamento com dez repetições cada: sistema tradicional (com aleitamento natural), sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial sem suplementação concentrada, e sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial com suplementação concentrada. Os cabritos submetidos ao sistema intensivo de aleitamento artificial sem suplementação concentrada destacaram-se por apresentarem similar ganho de peso (121 g/dia) quando comparados aos cabritos submetidos ao sistema de aleitamento com suplementação concentrada (126 g/dia). A maior receita foi pro-porcionada pelos os animais submetidos ao sistema intensivo de aleitamento com concentrado. A margem bruta para os dois centenários foi positiva, ou seja, as receitas são superiores ao custo operacional efetivo, permitindo concluir que a atividade está se remunerando e sobreviverá, pelo menos em curto prazo. O sistema de alimentação de cabritos com uso de concentrado proporcionou melhor consumo de matéria seca, maior ganho de peso e consequentemente apresentou melhores indicadores econômicos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Goats , Lactation , Economic Indexes , Weaning , Animals, SucklingABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bromelain on sperm quality, after defrosting, in goats. For this purpose, five Anglo Nubian goats were used. Semen collection was performed with the aid of an artificial vagina. The semen was evaluated for its macroscopic and microscopic parameters. After the analysis, the total volume of the pool was divided into three groups. One belonging to the control group (ACP-101/102®) and two treatment groups with ACP-101/102® enriched with bromelain in concentrations of 5% and 10%. The samples were cryopreserved with the aid of the Tk3000 device. Then, the straws were immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored in cryogenic cylinders. After one week the samples were thawed and evaluated by the system CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis). After thawing, the total sperm motility assessed by the system CASA was preserved in the control group and in the treatment group at a concentration of 5%. The curvilinear speed (LCV) and mean trajectory speed (VAP) of sperm were higher in the control group compared to the others. Thus, it is concluded that bromelain does not present genotoxicity to goat sperm, as well as its use is satisfactory in terms of the quality of seminal parameters after thawing.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen/chemistry , Semen/drug effects , RuminantsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bromelain on sperm quality, after defrosting, in goats. For this purpose, five Anglo Nubian goats were used. Semen collection was performed with the aid of an artificial vagina. The semen was evaluated for its macroscopic and microscopic parameters. After the analysis, the total volume of the pool was divided into three groups. One belonging to the control group (ACP-101/102®) and two treatment groups with ACP-101/102® enriched with bromelain in concentrations of 5% and 10%. The samples were cryopreserved with the aid of the Tk3000 device. Then, the straws were immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored in cryogenic cylinders. After one week the samples were thawed and evaluated by the system CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis). After thawing, the total sperm motility assessed by the system CASA was preserved in the control group and in the treatment group at a concentration of 5%. The curvilinear speed (LCV) and mean trajectory speed (VAP) of sperm were higher in the control group compared to the others. Thus, it is concluded that bromelain does not present genotoxicity to goat sperm, as well as its use is satisfactory in terms of the quality of seminal parameters after thawing.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Ruminants , Semen/drug effects , Semen/chemistryABSTRACT
In the Northeast of Brazil, goat breeding plays an important socioeconomic and strategic role in coexistence within the semi-arid region. The rural nature of the species and adaptations that are appropriate for the climate are some of the characteristics that favor the Northeast as the largest national producer of goats (93% of the national herd). In spite of this, sanitary deficiencies facilitate the appearance and diffusion of pathogenic agents that compromise the productivity, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which are widespread in the national herd and cause damages in the industry. The objective of this study was to characterize caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in lamb cuttings at semi-arid abattoirs. The research was carried out between March and August 2017 at the Municipal Abattoir of Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil, where the caprines from this region are slaughtered. We studied 304 animals with no defined racial pattern, of both the sexes, characterized according to their age group as evidenced by their teeth, submitted to ante- and post-mortem examinations with microbiological confirmation. Cheek material was processed for diagnostic confirmation, using the techniques of isolation and microbiological identification (gold standard). The bacteriological examination confirmed the presence of the agent in 21.38% of the animals, in which 13.16% were females and 8.22% were males. Of those affected, 11.51% had the clinical form of the disease, while 9.87% had the subclinical form and 1.31% had both the clinical form as well as the internal impairment. The precrural (25.71%), mammary (11.43%), and prescapular (11.43%) lymph nodes were the most affected. Internally, the most affected were the liver (63.33%), lung (13.33%), and medium mediastinal lymph nodes (10%).[...]
No Nordeste do Brasil a caprinocultura desempenha importante função socioeconômica e estratégica na convivência em região semiárida. A boa adaptação ao clima somado a rusticidade da espécie são algumas das caraterísticas que favorecem o Nordeste como maior produtor nacional (93% do efetivo). Apesar dessa condição, deficiências sanitárias proporcionam surgimento e difusão de agentes patogênicos que comprometem a produtividade, destacando-se o Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, difundido no rebanho nacional e que gera prejuízos à atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) na caprinocultura de corte em abatedouro do semiárido. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa entre março e agosto 2017 no Abatedouro Municipal de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprídeos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. Foram estudados 304 animais sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos, caracterizados conforme faixa etária evidenciada pelos dentes, submetidos a exames ante e post mortem com confirmação microbiológica. Processou-se material caseoso dos doentes; para confirmação de diagnóstico se empregou a técnica de isolamento e identificação microbiológica (padrão ouro). O exame bacteriológico confirmou presença do agente em 21.38% dos animais. As fêmeas representaram 13.16% dos doentes, enquanto os machos, 8.22%. Dos acometidos, 11.51% apresentaram a forma clínica, enquanto 9.87% a subclínica; 1.31% tiveram simultaneamente forma clínica e comprometimento interno. Os linfonodos pré-crurais 25.71%, mamários 11.43% e pré-escapulares 11.43% foram mais afetados; internamente, fígado 63.33%, pulmão 13.33% e linfonodo do mediastino médio 10%.[...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Lymphadenitis/epidemiology , Lymphadenitis/veterinary , Abattoirs , Sanitary Profiles/analysis , RuminantsABSTRACT
In the Northeast of Brazil, goat breeding plays an important socioeconomic and strategic role in coexistence within the semi-arid region. The rural nature of the species and adaptations that are appropriate for the climate are some of the characteristics that favor the Northeast as the largest national producer of goats (93% of the national herd). In spite of this, sanitary deficiencies facilitate the appearance and diffusion of pathogenic agents that compromise the productivity, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which are widespread in the national herd and cause damages in the industry. The objective of this study was to characterize caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in lamb cuttings at semi-arid abattoirs. The research was carried out between March and August 2017 at the Municipal Abattoir of Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil, where the caprines from this region are slaughtered. We studied 304 animals with no defined racial pattern, of both the sexes, characterized according to their age group as evidenced by their teeth, submitted to ante- and post-mortem examinations with microbiological confirmation. Cheek material was processed for diagnostic confirmation, using the techniques of isolation and microbiological identification (gold standard). The bacteriological examination confirmed the presence of the agent in 21.38% of the animals, in which 13.16% were females and 8.22% were males. Of those affected, 11.51% had the clinical form of the disease, while 9.87% had the subclinical form and 1.31% had both the clinical form as well as the internal impairment. The precrural (25.71%), mammary (11.43%), and prescapular (11.43%) lymph nodes were the most affected. Internally, the most affected were the liver (63.33%), lung (13.33%), and medium mediastinal lymph nodes (10%).[...](AU)
No Nordeste do Brasil a caprinocultura desempenha importante função socioeconômica e estratégica na convivência em região semiárida. A boa adaptação ao clima somado a rusticidade da espécie são algumas das caraterísticas que favorecem o Nordeste como maior produtor nacional (93% do efetivo). Apesar dessa condição, deficiências sanitárias proporcionam surgimento e difusão de agentes patogênicos que comprometem a produtividade, destacando-se o Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, difundido no rebanho nacional e que gera prejuízos à atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) na caprinocultura de corte em abatedouro do semiárido. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa entre março e agosto 2017 no Abatedouro Municipal de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprídeos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. Foram estudados 304 animais sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos, caracterizados conforme faixa etária evidenciada pelos dentes, submetidos a exames ante e post mortem com confirmação microbiológica. Processou-se material caseoso dos doentes; para confirmação de diagnóstico se empregou a técnica de isolamento e identificação microbiológica (padrão ouro). O exame bacteriológico confirmou presença do agente em 21.38% dos animais. As fêmeas representaram 13.16% dos doentes, enquanto os machos, 8.22%. Dos acometidos, 11.51% apresentaram a forma clínica, enquanto 9.87% a subclínica; 1.31% tiveram simultaneamente forma clínica e comprometimento interno. Os linfonodos pré-crurais 25.71%, mamários 11.43% e pré-escapulares 11.43% foram mais afetados; internamente, fígado 63.33%, pulmão 13.33% e linfonodo do mediastino médio 10%.[...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants , Lymphadenitis/epidemiology , Lymphadenitis/veterinary , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Abattoirs , Sanitary Profiles/analysisABSTRACT
A caprinovinocultura era vista como uma atividade de subsistência na região Nordeste do país, caracterizada por baixa produtividade e sendo desempenhada por produtores carentes de recursos financeiros e tecnologias. Hoje em dia, o potencial produtivo destes animais vem se distinguindo fazendo com que a atividade seja de relevante importância cultural, social e econômica. Objetivou-se diagnosticar por métodos diretos e indiretos a mastite em caprinos e ovinos. Detectou-se a mastite clinica e subclínica em 36 ovinos e 42 caprinos por meio dos testes da caneca telada, California Mastit Test (CMT), punção aspirativa do parênquima da glândula mamária e posterior citologia, associado ao exame microbiológico do leite. Observou-se em caprinos 6,50% com mastite clínica e 81,25% com mastite subclinica, destas a mastite subclínica intensa foi a mais frequente (37,50%) e os tetos negativos foram 12,50%. Na microbiologia do leite foi identificada em maior frequência a bactéria Staphylococcus sp. (53,85%), seguida de Streptococcus sp. (23,08%), além de Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus sp. e Candida sp.com 7,69% dos isolados. Na citologia das mastites produzidas por Staphylococcus sp. houve presença de polimorfonucleares em quantidade intensa. Na mastite subclínica produzida por Candida sp., detectou-se polimorfonucleares em quantidade leve, associado a presença de eosinofilos e linfócitos. Diagnosticou-se em ovinos 11,11% de tetos positivos para mastite clínica e 50% reativos para mastite subclínica, onde a mastite subclinica intensa foi a mais frequente (22,22%) tendo 38,89% de tetos negativos. Identificou-se 100% de Staphylococcus sp. causadores de mastite clínica e subclínicas. Na citologia não foram observadas alterações significativas nos tetos com mastite subclínica. Na mastite clínica houve presença de fibrina, polimorfonucleares e cocos agrupados em forma de cachos de uva. Conclui-se que a mastite subclínica é a forma da doença mais frequente para caprinos e ovinos, comumente de etiologia contagiosa e que a citologia aspirativa é um método rápido que pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da mastite a campo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cell Biology , Goats , MastitisABSTRACT
The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of anti-pestivirus antibodies in dairy goats from the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil, as well as to identify risk factors associated with the flock-level prevalence. A total of 1,092 dairy goats from 110 flocks randomly selected in the county of Monteiro, Paraíba state, during March 2009 to March 2010, were used. In each selected flock a epidemiological questionnaire was applied to verify the occurrence of possible factors that could be associated with the flock-level prevalence. For the serological diagnosis of Pestivirus infection the serum neutralization test, using the BVDV-1 NADL strain, was carried out. Flock-level prevalence was 6.36% (95% CI = 2.60% 12.67%) and animal-level prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI = 0.38% 1.56%). Not to perform vermifugation (odds ratio = 10.49; p = 0.035) and to perform navel cut and disinfection (odds ratio = 12.73; p = 0.034) were identified as risk factors. These results indicate viral circulation in dairy goats in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a prevalênciade anticorpos anti-pestivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, bem como identificar fatores de risco associados à prevalência de rebanhos positivos. Foram utilizados 1.092 cabras leiteiras de 110 propriedades selecionadas aleatoriamente no Município de Monteiro, Estado da Paraíba, no período de março de 2009 a março de 2010. Em cada propriedade selecionada foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico para verificar a ocorrência de possíveis fatores associados à ocorrência da infecção. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Pestivírus, foi utilizada a prova de soroneutralização com a estipe de BVDV-1 NADL. A prevalência de propriedades positivas foi de 6,36% (IC 95% = 2,60% 12,67%) e a prevalência de animais soropositivos foi de 0,82% (IC 95% = 0,38% 1,56%). Não realizar vermifugação (odds ratio= 10,49; p = 0,035) e realizar corte e desinfecção de umbigo (odds ratio= 12,73; p = 0,034) foram identificados como fatores de risco. Os resultados obtidos indicam a circulação viral em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido da Paraíba.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Goats/virology , Pestivirus/isolation & purification , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Pestivirus Infections/immunology , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of anti-pestivirus antibodies in dairy goats from the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil, as well as to identify risk factors associated with the flock-level prevalence. A total of 1,092 dairy goats from 110 flocks randomly selected in the county of Monteiro, Paraíba state, during March 2009 to March 2010, were used. In each selected flock a epidemiological questionnaire was applied to verify the occurrence of possible factors that could be associated with the flock-level prevalence. For the serological diagnosis of Pestivirus infection the serum neutralization test, using the BVDV-1 NADL strain, was carried out. Flock-level prevalence was 6.36% (95% CI = 2.60% 12.67%) and animal-level prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI = 0.38% 1.56%). Not to perform vermifugation (odds ratio = 10.49; p = 0.035) and to perform navel cut and disinfection (odds ratio = 12.73; p = 0.034) were identified as risk factors. These results indicate viral circulation in dairy goats in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a prevalênciade anticorpos anti-pestivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, bem como identificar fatores de risco associados à prevalência de rebanhos positivos. Foram utilizados 1.092 cabras leiteiras de 110 propriedades selecionadas aleatoriamente no Município de Monteiro, Estado da Paraíba, no período de março de 2009 a março de 2010. Em cada propriedade selecionada foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico para verificar a ocorrência de possíveis fatores associados à ocorrência da infecção. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Pestivírus, foi utilizada a prova de soroneutralização com a estipe de BVDV-1 NADL. A prevalência de propriedades positivas foi de 6,36% (IC 95% = 2,60% 12,67%) e a prevalência de animais soropositivos foi de 0,82% (IC 95% = 0,38% 1,56%). Não realizar vermifugação (odds ratio= 10,49; p = 0,035) e realizar corte e desinfecção de umbigo (odds ratio= 12,73; p = 0,034) foram identificados como fatores de risco. Os resultados obtidos indicam a circulação viral em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido da Paraíba.