Prevalence of non 16/18 high risk human papilloma virus as a quality metric in gynecological cytology.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen that causes anogenital disease. Cervical screening by cytology and HPV testing (co-testing) are important in prevention of cervical cancer. The Bethesda System category of atypical squamous cells (ASC) is used when a neoplastic process cannot be confidently identified. In such cases, the differential diagnosis is broad and includes benign conditions. Monitoring of ASC/SIL ratio is a commonly used laboratory quality assurance measure to prevent over- or under-use of this category. High risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) has been used in conjunction with the ASC/SIL ratio in determining whether a particular pathologist is over/under-using the indefinite category. However, the laboratory overall sample population prevalence rate of hr-HPV subtypes has not been previously examined for association with the ASC rate. In this study, the relationships between ASC/SIL ratio and hr-HPV prevalence rate and hr-HPV subtypes (16/18 and non-16/18) to the laboratory ASC prevalence were studied. The results demonstrate that HPV non-16/18 is the main subtype which is associated with ASC-US category. A large proportion of non-16/18 HPV-related cases are seen in young patients, which largely abates by the by fourth decade. In addition, there are differences in the ASC/SIL ratio for HPV 16/18 and non-16/18 types. The overall ASC/SIL ratio is an average of the ASC/SIL rate for the non-16/18 population and the HPV 16/18 population. Instead of basing the laboratory and practitioners' quality indicator solely on ASC/SIL ratio, the overall prevalence of HPV and its subtype ratio should also be reported as they are more reflective of laboratory performance.

Four-year analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet.

Purpose: This study aims to address the existing data gap regarding the status of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the distribution of HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet. The research objectives include providing insights for HPV vaccine development. Methods: The research collected data from two rounds of cancer screening conducted among rural women in Nyingchi City, Tibet, from 2019 to 2022. HR-HPV subtype gene detection was performed using the PCR fluorescence method on the collected samples. And then analyzed the HR-HPV infection rate among rural women in Nyingchi City, Tibet, as well as the infection rate of different HR-HPV subtypes and their distribution across different age groups. A comparison was made between the infection rates of women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and those in Nyingchi City. Results: A total of 15,687 cases included. The overall HR-HPV infection rate among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, was 13.00% (2040/15,687), which was significantly higher than the rate among women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (7.82% (9,249/118,237); χ2 = 635.7, p < 0.001). The highest HPV infection rate was observed in the 35-39 age group, with a rate of 15.31% (499/3260), which was significantly higher than the rate of 7.22% (1827/25,322) among women in the same age group in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (χ2 = 253.00, p < 0.001). The lowest HPV infection rate was found in the 50-54 age group, with a rate of 9.69% (246/2540), which was statistically different from the rate of 8.14% (1,604/19,698) among women in the same age group outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (χ2 = 17.68, p < 0.001). The top three HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, were HPV52 (20.15%, 411/2040), HPV16 (12.45%, 254/2040), and HPV58 (11.96%, 244/2040). These findings align with the top three HR-HPV subtypes among women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Furthermore, the top three HR-HPV subtypes among women aged 35-39, 40-44, and 45-49 in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, were HPV52, HPV16, and HPV58. In conclusion, the HR-HPV infection rate among women in rural areas of Nyingchi City, Tibet, is significantly higher compared to women in rural areas outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with consistent patterns observed in the distribution of the top three HR-HPV subtypes between the two regions.

An updated systemic review and meta-analysis on human papillomavirus in breast carcinogenesis.

Background: Breast Cancer (BC) stands out as the widely prevalent malignancy among all the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. There is significant evidence that the pathogenicity of BC may be altered by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection; however, conclusive data are not yet available. Methods: By searching five databases, including EMBASE, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, a thorough systematic analysis was conducted on the prevalence of HPV in BC patients from 1990 to June 30, 2022. After applying extensive eligibility criteria, we selected 74 publications for further analysis based on the prevalence of HPV infections in breast tissues. All of the data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, Cochran Q test and I2 statistic were used to calculate the heterogeneity of the prevalence among these studies using subgroup analysis. Variations in the HPV prevalence estimates in different subgroups were evaluated by subgroup meta-analysis. Results: In total, 3156 studies were initially screened, resulting in 93 full-text studies reviewed, with 74 meeting inclusion criteria. Among a total of 7156 BC biopsies, the pool prevalence of HPV was 25.6% (95% CI= 0.24-0.33, τ2 = 0.0369 with significant heterogeneity between estimates (I 2 = 97% and p< 0.01). Consequently, 45 studies with available controls were further studied, and the prevalence of HPV in case-control studies was 26.2% with overall odds 5.55 (95% CI= 3.67-8.41, I 2 = 38%, τ2 = 1.4878, p< 0.01). Further subgroup analysis of HPV revealed HPV-16 had a maximum prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI= 3.06-11.86, I 2 = 0%, τ2 = 0.6111, p< 0.01). Among different geographical regions, Europe reported the maximum prevalence of HPV, i.e., 39.2% (95% CI=1.29-7.91, I 2 = 18%, τ2 = 1.2911, p< 0.01). Overall distribution showed HPV-18 was a frequent HPV subtype reported in Australia. Conclusion: Current study provides a global estimate of HPV prevalence in BC patients and demonstrates a significant association between this virus and BC etiology. Nevertheless, we recommend further investigation into the underlying mechanism is essential to validate this hypothesis.

Characterization of HPV subtypes in invasive cervical cancer in Botswana patients using a pan-pathogen microarray technology.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a significant role in the development of cervical cancers in the setting of co-infection with HIV. Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV and cervical cancer. In this study, we investigated the distribution of HPV subtypes in cervical cancer biopsy samples from patients in Botswana using a highly sensitive pan-pathogen microarray technology, PathoChip, to detect both high- (HR-HPV) and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) subtypes in women living with HIV (WLWH) and women living without HIV. We analyzed samples from 168 patients, of which 73% (n = 123) were WLWH with a median CD4 count of 479.5 cells/µL. Five HR-HPV subtypes were detected in the cohort: HPV 16, 18, 26, 34, and 53. The most prevalent subtypes were HPV 26 (96%) and HPV 34 (92%); 86% of WLWH (n = 106) had co-infection with four or more HR-HPV subtypes compared to 67% (n = 30) of women without HIV (p < 0.01). We detected 66 LR-HPV subtypes among all cervical cancer patients, with HPV 6b and 48 being most prevalent. Notably, signatures for LR-HPV subtypes 10, 41, 90, and 129 were only detected in WLWH. Signal intensity for HPV 18 was significantly weaker in WLWH with CD4 levels ≤200 cells/µL as compared to patients with >200 cells/µL and HIV-negative patients. Although the majority of cervical cancer specimens in this cohort were determined to have multiple HPV infections, the most prevalent HR-HPV subtypes (HPV 26 and HPV34) found in these cervical cancer samples are not covered in the current HPV vaccines. Though no conclusions can be made on the direct carcinogenicity of these subtypes the results do underlie the need for continued screening for prevention of cervical cancer.

Dietary Vitamin K Intake and HPV-Infection Status Among American Women: A Secondary Analysis From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data From 2003 to 2016.

Objective: Cervical cancer is a serious potential risk to women's health, and is closely related to persistent HPV infection. Vitamin K mainly existed in green vegetables, fruit, and dairy products. This research aims to observe the association between vitamin K and HPV-infection. Methods: 13,447 participants from the NHANES were selected. Dietary vitamin K intake was used as the objective independent variable and continuous variable, HPV-infection status was used as the outcome variable, and characteristics of selected participants were used as the covariates. Results: There was a nonlinearity between vitamin K intake and HPV-infection, and the inflection point is 3.81 of log2 vitamin K intake. In a range of 0-3.81, Each one-unit increase in log2 vitamin K intake was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of HPV infection. When log2 vitamin K intake excess of 3.81, the risk of HPV infection did not continue to decline. The HPV-subtype was not associated with vitamin K intake. Conclusion: There is a nonlinearity between vitamin K intake and HPV-infection status. But HPV-subtype was not associated with vitamin K intake.

Variation of HPV Subtypes with Focus on HPV-Infection and Cancer in the Head and Neck Region.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises a heterogeneous group of double-strand DNA viruses with variable potential to infect human epithelial cells and trigger neoplastic transformation. Its 8 kb genome encodes proteins required for virus replication and self-organized formation of infectious particles but also for early proteins E6 and E7 able to trigger neoplastic transformation. E6 and E7 of high-risk (HR) HPV subtypes can bind to p53 or release E2F and abrogate replication control. Due to variable amino acid sequence (AAS) in the binding sites of E6 and E7 particular HR-HPV variants within subtypes are essentially heterogeneous in efficacy triggering neoplastic transformation and cancer development. This could explain differences in the clinical course of HPV-driven head and neck cancer.

Selenium compound induces apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells of high risk HPV subtypes / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the inducing effects and related pathways of selenium dioxide ( SeO2 ) on the apoptosis in 2 human cervical carcinoma cell lines of high risk HPV subtypes .Methods HeLa (HPV-18-positive) and Caski (HPV-16-positive) cells were incubated with different concentrations of SeO 2 for 24 h respectively.Mor-phological changes of HeLa and Caski cells were observed under inverted optical microscope ;cell proliferation and activity were examined by MTT assay;flow cytometry was employed to detect the cell apoptosis;the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3 and p53 in cervical carcinoma cell lines were determined by Western blot analysis;the effects of SeO 2 on apoptosis-related miRNA LET-7a expression was detected by stem-loop reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Cell morphology was obviously changed in vitro.Cells be-came rounded and shrunken .SeO2 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines; In HeLa cells the inhibitory effects induced by 7.5-30 μmol/L of SeO 2 were significant ( P<0.05);The inhibitory effects on Caski were statistical significant (P<0.05) even with low concentrations of SeO 2. The apoptosis induced by SeO 2 increased dose-dependently in cervical carcinoma cell lines , which were higher in Caski.SeO2 up-regulated the apoptosis-related proteins in cervical carcinoma cell lines .The expressions of caspase-3 and p53 in HeLa cells both significantly increased as compared with control group (P<0.05), and peaked at the concentration of 7.5 μmol/L.Treated with higher concentrations ( 7.5-30 μmol/L ) of SeO 2 , the expression on Caski cells increased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .SeO 2 induced of expression of apoptosis-related miRNA LET-7a both in HeLa cells and Caski cells with statistical meanings ( P<0.05 );the effects reached its peak at the concentration of 7.5 μmol/L bothly.Conclusions SeO2 shows anti-tumor properties via apoptosis pathway by up-regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, the mechanisms of can be potentially explained by p 53 and LET-7a in cervical cancer cell lines.The apoptosis-inducing effect of SeO2 is more sensitive in HPV16+cell line compared with HPV18+cell line.

Correlation analysis of human papilloma virus variant intratumoral high-risk subtypes and cervical intraepithelial distribution / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the county high-risk women human papilloma virus (HPV)type distribution and subtypes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia relevance,designed to provide a clinical risk assessment theoretical support.Methods 520 female patients with first visit high-risk HPV infection were selected.All subjects were HPV subtypes was measured and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia pathology,accounting analysis and correlation analysis and different subtypes of HPV accounting for patients with cervical lesions.Results 520 cases of HPV subtypes result patients showed that HPV infection subtypes,HPV16,HPV18,HPV31 and HPV58 infection higher proportion (44.8%,19.2%,11.5% and 16.7%),other types of infection was relatively low.520 cases of HPV infection in patients with CIN Ⅰ and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma was more,more than 15.0% of the total, a relatively small proportion of other types of cancer patients.In paragraph CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ,HPV16 infection subtypes higher proportion of more than 60.0%,while the other was closer in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,there was no difference between the written press and hold;in squamous cell carcinoma,accounting for HPV31 subtype only inferior HPV16(24.3%),which was significantly higher than the proportion of cervical adenocarcinoma (9.5%)(χ2 =3.821,P =0.049).Conclusion HPV infection in patients with high-risk subtypes higher risk of cervical lesions, require special attention,neoplasia different risks in different subtypes of patients infected cervical epithelium,clinical research is worth attention.

Distribution of HPV genotypes in Shanghai women.

OBJECTIVE: To study the Distribution of HPV genotypes in Shanghai women. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital affiliated with Tongji University. POPULATION: Patients those attended in the cervical disease diagnosis and treatment center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014. METHODS: HPV GenoArray test kit (HybriBio Ltd) was used to perform HPV genotyping and was also used in DNA amplification and HybriBio's proprietary flow-through hybridization technique. RESULTS: In this study, total patients analyzed were 4585. Among 4585 sample the HPV positive patients were 1460 i.e. 31.84% in total. On the basis of pathological report normal were 1358, with inflammation 2441, with low grade lesion were 399, high grade lesion were 353, CIN were 19 and cervical carcinoma were 15. Among normal HPV positive were 215 (15.8%), among inflammation HPV positive were 735 (30.11%). HPV positive in low grade lesion were 353 i.e. 59.77%. In high grade lesion 211 were HPV positive among 272 (68.17%). The percentage of HPV positive was 73.68% i.e. 14 out of 19 patient in cervical carcinoma in situ. 13 patient out of 15 i.e. 86.67% of Cervical carcinoma were HPV positive. Among all percentage of HPV positive was high among cervical carcinoma then cervical carcinoma in situ then high grade lesion in decreasing fashion to low grade lesion and in normal. Highest prevalence i.e. 22.67% is of HPV 52 subtype and HPV 16 has second highest prevalence with 17.67% among HPV positive cases. Sensitivity of TCT detection is 71.6%. Specificity of TCT detection is 79.6%. Sensitivity of HPV-DNA detection is 65.2%. Specificity of HPV-DNA detection is 78.2%. CONCLUSION: HPV is one of major health concern in shanghai having high prevalence rate in comparison to other part of china and other part of world. This has implications for the future cervical cancer burden and the priority to be given to prevent cervical cancer in Shanghai, especially, given the promising efficacy of prophylactic vaccines against HPV52, 16 and 58. This study also shows high sensitivity and specificity of TCT and HPV-DNA detection.

Clinical significance of HPV subtype infection and atypical glandular cells on LBP / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To research the clinical outcome of atypical glandular cell (AGC)according to various subtypes of HPV infection and histological pathology results.Methods The data of the liquid-bases cytology (LBP),HPV infection and histology in 102 cases of AGC at the gynecology outpatient department of our hospital from January 1 ,2009 to February 28,2014 were collected and performed the analysis on their clinical outcomes.Results Among 67 218 cases of LBP detection,102 cases were AGC with the total incidence rate of 0.15%.In the cases of AGC-NOS,67 cases were normal or benign lesions,11 cases were precancerous lesion and malignant lesions;in the cases of AGC treading to tumor,the benign,precancerous and malignant lesions were in 7,14 and 3 ca-ses respectively.At the same time in the cases of AGC-NOS,HPV infection was in 64 cases,in which 57 cases were high risk infec-tion(type 16,52,45)and 7 cases were low risk infection(type 6,11 ).The single infection,double infection and multiple infection were in 54,6 cases respectively;in the cases of AGC trends to neoplasm,HPV infection was in 19 cases,in which 18 cases were high risk infection(type 52,16,18)and 1 case was low risk infection(type 6),single infection and double infection were in 15 cases and 4 cases respectively.Conclusion AGC may play an important role for the forecast of cervical malignant lesions.The results of differ-ent HPV subtypes infection in AGC related tumors also play a certain role in the prediction of cervical neoplasia.Their combined a-nalysis is the important signal for judging the occurrence of gynecological cervical precancerous lesion and malignant tumor,i.e., AGC combining with the corresponding HPV subtype infection not only can make a judgement for the cervical lesions,but also pro-vides the basis for predicting the high risk existence of gynecological malignant tumor and provides constructive suggestions for Chi-na regional cervical carcinoma vaccine manufacturing and promotion.