ABSTRACT
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the anti-vaccine movement one of the top 10 global health threats. This trend has shown that it can diminish public faith in government and increase public distrust of scientific results in the health sector, including the use of the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-vaccine movement on Twitter social media platform, which uses Hashtag to protest vaccination regulations in the COVID-19 pandemic. The content analysis, relationship analysis, and word cloud analysis models were used in this study, which used a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data source for this study is Hashtag, which are used to focus on three aspects. First, establish which information in Brazil, the United States, and Indonesia leads the anti-vaccine COVID-19 narrative. Second, how does the Hashtag link between each country work? Third, which narrative dominates the use of Hashtag in each of the three countries? According to the findings of this study, in Brazil, 69.2% of Twitter Hashtag associated to the COVID-19 vaccination were negative, compared to 59.4% in the USA and 62.8% in Indonesia. In general, the Hashtag used in the three countries to oppose COVID-19 vaccination policies have a clear and significant relationship. In Brazil, the Hashtag #covidiots was the most popular, while in the United States, #covivaccine was the most popular, and in Indonesia, #antivaccine was the most popular.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Social Media , Anti-Vaccination Movement , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines , Humans , Indonesia/epidemiology , Pandemics , Policy , SARS-CoV-2 , United States , VaccinationABSTRACT
In this work we introduce a simple mathematical model, based on master equations, to describe the time evolution of the popularity of hashtags on the Twitter social network. Specifically, we model the total number of times a certain hashtag appears on user's timelines as a function of time. Our model considers two kinds of components: those that are internal to the network (degree distribution) as well as external factors, such as the external popularity of the hashtag. From the master equation, we are able to obtain explicit solutions for the mean and variance and construct confidence regions. We propose a gamma kernel function to model the hashtag popularity, which is quite simple and yields reasonable results. We validate the plausibility of the model by contrasting it with actual Twitter data obtained through the public API. Our findings confirm that relatively simple semi-deterministic models are able to capture the essentials of this very complex phenomenon for a wide variety of cases. The model we present distinguishes from other existing models in its focus on the time evolution of the total number of times a particular hashtag has been seen by Twitter users and the consideration of both internal and external components.
ABSTRACT
Resumen (analítico) Este artículo propone el concepto de Generación ₿ (o blockchain) como paradigma para analizar los movimientos juveniles en la era de la web semántica. Partiendo de conceptualizaciones anteriores sobre la Generación @ (o arroba) y sobre la Generación # (o hashtag), se presentan el significante, el significado y los rasgos de la Generación ₿, que se ilustran con el análisis de las protestas de 2019, en el contexto del ciclo de movilizaciones de la última década. El concepto de blockchain o cadena de bloques sirve para reflexionar sobre el tipo de movimientos juveniles surgidos a la salida de la crisis de 2008, que se encadenan en bloques como táctica de resistencia frente a los poderes estatales y corporativos y como forma colaborativa de producir valor frente a la anomia social imperante. Palabras clave: Juventud, generación, sociedad de la información, movimientos juveniles, medios sociales.
Abstract (analytical) This article proposes the concept of Generation ₿ or Blockchain to analyze youth movements in the era of semantic web. Starting from previous conceptualizations about Generation @ or At sign and about Generation # or Hashtag, the signifier, meaning and traits of the Generation ₿ are presented, which are illustrated with the analysis of the 2019 protests, in the context of the mobilizations of the last decade. The concept of Blockchain or chain of blocks serves to reflect on the type of youth movements that emerged after the 2008 crisis, that are chained in blocks as a tactic of resistance against state and corporate powers and as a collaborative way of producing value in the face of the prevailing social anomie. Keywords: Youth, generations, information society, youth movements, social media.
Resumo (analítico) Este artigo propõe o conceito de Geração ₿ ou Blockchain para analisar os movimentos juvenis na era da web semântica. A partir de conceituações anteriores sobre Geração @ ou Arroba e sobre Geração # ou Hashtag, são apresentados o significante, significado e traços da Geração ₿, que são ilustrados com a análise dos protestos de 2019, no contesto das mobilizações da última década. O conceito de Blockchain ou cadeia de blocos serve para refletir sobre o tipo de movimentos juvenis surgidos após a crise de 2008, que se acorrentam em blocos como tática de resistência contra poderes estatais e corporativos e como forma colaborativa de produção de valor em face da anomia social prevalecente. Palavras-chave: Juventude, geração, sociedade da informação, movimentos juvenis, meios sociais.
Subject(s)
Semantic Web , Blockchain , Movement , AnomieABSTRACT
El presente texto plantea una reflexión sobre la metamorfosis de los movimientos juveniles en la transición de la era digital a lo que podemos denominar era hiperdigital (es decir, la era de la web social). Dicha transición se sintetiza en un cambio terminológico: Generación @ o Arroba versus Generación # o Hashtag. El artículo se organiza en dos partes. En la primera se retoma lo expuesto en un artículo publicado hace quince años (Feixa, 2000) y se compara las diferencias entre una y otra generación en los siguientes aspectos: historia de los significantes (es decir, de los signos @ y #) y el significado de ambos términos. En la segunda, a partir del análisis comparativo de los dilemas de cada generación, se exponen las transiciones y los rasgos teóricos de la actual Generación hiperdigital o Generación #. Los movimientos sociales, protagonizados en muchos casos por jóvenes, son el lugar donde las transiciones aquí teorizadas se manifiestan en todo su esplendor.
This paper reflects on the metamorphosis of youth movements in the transition from the digital age to what we can call hiperdigital age (that is, the age of the social web). This transition is synthesized in a terminological change: Generation @ or At Generation versus Generation # or Hashtag Generation. The paper is organized into two parts. The first section takes the discussion in an article published fifteen years ago (Feixa, 2000) and the differences between one and another generation in the following comparison: history of the significant (ie, Signs @ and #) and meaning of the two terms. The second section, from the comparative analysis of the dilemmas of each generation, approach the transitions and theoretical features of the current generation # or hiperdigital generation. Social movements, often featuring youth, are where these theorized transitions are manifested in all its glory.
Este artigo reflete sobre a metamorfose dos movimentos de jovens na transição da era digital para o que podemos chamar era hiperdigital (ou seja, a era da web social). Esta transição é sintetizado em uma mudança na terminologia: Geração @ ou arroba contra Geração # ou Hashtag. O trabalho está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira, toma a discussão em um artigo publicado há quinze anos (Feixa, 2000) e as diferenças entre uma e outra geração na seguinte comparação: história de significativa (ou seja, sinais @ e #) e o significado dos dois termos. Na segunda, a partir da análise comparativa dos dilemas de cada geração, expõe as transições e recursos teóricos da atual geração # ou hiperdigital. Os movimentos sociais, muitas vezes com o protagonismo dos jovens, são onde as transições teorizados são manifestas em toda a sua glória.