Active aging and health among older adults in China: a perspective based on downward intergenerational economic support.

Introduction: In China, the rapid progression of population aging presents significant challenges to society and the economy, drawing widespread attention to the health conditions of older adults. While aging is often seen as a societal burden, the phenomenon of intergenerational economic support reveals the potential for older adults to continue playing an active role within their families. This study delves into how older parents' financial support to their children can reciprocally influence their own health, exploring the potential non-linear relationships involved. Methods: This research, utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, employs instrumental variable techniques and cross-sectional threshold models to examine how financial support provided by older adults to their children affects their health. It particularly highlights the varied impacts of economic support on older adults' health at different levels of support. Results: The findings indicate that moderate intergenerational economic support significantly enhances the health of older adults, while either minimal or excessive financial support does not demonstrate the same positive effect. Additionally, subjective life expectancy plays a mediating role between intergenerational economic support and the health of older adults, further emphasizing the beneficial impact of economic support. Discussion: The study underscores the importance of moderate intergenerational economic support in improving the health of older adults amidst aging challenges. Future policies and practices should consider how to encourage and optimize such support to address the challenges of an aging society, enhance the welfare of older adults, and promote healthy aging.

Cultural capital, the digital divide, and the health of older adults: a moderated mediation effect test.

BACKGROUND: It is of great practical significance to study the intrinsic relationship between cultural capital, digital divide, cognitive ability, and health of older adults in the dual social context of population aging and the digital era. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) initiated by the China Center for Social Science Surveys at Peking University. Physical health, mental health, and memory health were set as indicators of older adults, and the relationship between cultural capital, digital divide, cognitive ability, and health of older adults was examined by hierarchical regression with moderated mediated effect methods. RESULTS: Improvement in the health of older adults is associated with an increase in the level of cultural capital; cultural capital may bridge the digital divide faced by older adults, which in turn promotes the improvement of the health of older adults; the higher the level of cognitive ability, the stronger the effect of cultural capital on the digital divide, and at the same time, the stronger the mediating effect of the digital divide; cultural capital has a more pronounced effect on the health of older male adults living in the city. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that cultural capital can have a positive impact on the health of older adults, but there is urban-rural heterogeneity and gender heterogeneity, in which the digital divide plays a mediating role, and the enhancement of the cognitive ability of older adults will be conducive to the improvement of their health, so the health of older adults should be promoted by improving the level of their cultural capital and the ability of older adults to use digital technology, thus provide references for the protection of health of older adults.

Does grandchild care intention, intergenerational support have an impact on the health of older adults in China? A quantitative study of CFPS data.

Background: With the rising of fertility cost and the implementation of the "universal three-child" policy, the model of intergenerational support for grandchild is becoming an inevitable choice for more and more families in China. As the number of grandchildren increases and the interval between births extends, will the grandchild care intention and grandparents' health be affected? Methods: Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies from 2018 and 2020, this study used multiple linear regression and multiple mediation tests to investigate the effect of grandchild care intention and intergenerational support on the health of older adults. Results: Firstly, actively taking care of grandchild has increased the self-rated health and mental health of older adults by 11.8 and 10.7%, respectively. Secondly, there is heterogeneity in the effect of intergenerational support from adults on health in their parents, among them, economic support improves the physical health by 5.5%; life care increases the self-rated and physical health by 3.3 and 0.8% respectively; emotional comfort improves the physical and mental health by 2.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Thirdly, grandchild care intention has a mediating effect on the health of older adults through economic support, life care, and emotional comfort. Conclusion: The grandchild care intention has positive effect on the health of older adults. The intergenerational supports (economic support, emotional comfort, and life care) have heterogeneous effects on the health of older adults, such as economic support mainly affects the physical health. Older adults who actively take care of their grandchild are more likely to gain intergenerational support and feedback from their adult children, transforming intergenerational support into a "win-win" model of resource reciprocity between generations. Based on this, it is necessary to re-establish the value identity of "caring for older adults" and "raising grandchildren" at the cultural level, continuously improve the fertility support policies at the government level and establish "caring for older adults" support platform at the social level.

Impact of community care services on the health of older adults: evidence from China.

Introduction: The rapid growth in the population of older adults has put tremendous pressure on medical and social services in countries including China. Community care services are a feasible solution for promoting healthy aging in developing countries. This study investigated the association between community care services and the health of older adults in China. Method: Using nationally representative survey data from China, consisting of four waves conducted in 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014, a balanced panel dataset was constructed using a sample of 4,700 older adults (33.1% aged 80 years or older, 51.0% residing in rural areas, and 48.8% women). We employed linear regression models with time-fixed effects and instrumental variable approaches to estimate the effect of community care services on the health of older adults, as well as the differences in these effects across subgroups. Results: The results showed that community care services lead to a significant improvement in both the objective and subjective health and wellbeing of older adults. Among the various service offerings, spiritual recreation services led to a significant increase in both objective and subjective health scores, while medical care services significantly improved wellbeing. This suggests a varied effect of subdivided service types. Further evidence suggests that spiritual recreation services have a significant health-enhancing effect on multiple groups of older adults, and the effect of medical care services is more effective for those living in rural areas, women, and those who are older than 80 years (all p < 0.05). Discussion: Few studies have examined the impact of community care services on the health of older adults in developing countries. The findings present important implications for improving the health status of older adults and provide suggestions for establishing a socialized aged care system in China.

Depressão entre pessoas idosas hospitalizadas: estudo de métodos mistos / Depression among hospitalized older adults: a mixed methods study / Depression among hospitalized older adults: a mixed methods study

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a presença de sinais e sintomas de depressão em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas e sua autopercepção sobre este problema de saúde. Métodos: pesquisa de métodos mistos do desenho paralelo convergente e ênfase qualitativa. Doze idosos internados durante o período de 22 a 27 de outubro de 2021 em um hospital do Sul do Brasil, selecionados por conveniência, responderam à entrevista e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II, além da extração documental de variáveis demográficas e clínicas. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e apresentados em categorias temáticas, com articulação em joint display e integração interpretativa. Resultados: os resultados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: Sinais e sintomas de depressão entre idosos na hospitalização; Desafios enfrentados por idosos hospitalizados que implicam na saúde mental; Elementos de aporte à saúde mental e concepção da depressão entre idosos hospitalizados. Conclusão/Considerações finais: o estudo identificou sinais e sintomas de depressão e os desafios que as pessoas idosas enfrentam, que incluem a própria hospitalização; a sua concepção sobre a depressão e os mecanismos de aporte à sua saúde mental, com destaque à fé. Oportunizou um espaço de fala e escuta ativa dentro do cenário hospitalar, lançando luz sobre a temática.

Resumen Objective: to identify the presence of signs and symptoms of depression among hospitalized older adults and their self-perception about this health problem. Methods: convergent parallel mixed method research with qualitative emphasis. Twelve older adults hospitalized during the period from October 22 to 27, 2021, in a hospital in Southern Brazil were selected by convenience. The participants were interviewed and answered the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and demographic and clinical variables were extracted from medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in thematic categories, with a joint display format and interpretive integration. Results: results were organized into three thematic categories: Signs and symptoms of depression among older adults in hospitalization; Challenges faced by hospitalized older adults that affect mental health; Elements of mental health support and conception of depression among hospitalized older adults. Conclusion/Final Considerations: the study identified signs and symptoms of depression and the challenges faced by older adults, which include hospitalization, their conception about depression, and mental health support mechanisms, with emphasis on faith. It provided an opportunity for speaking and active listening within the hospital setting, shedding light on the topic.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the presence of signs and symptoms of depression among hospitalized older adults and their self-perception about this health problem. Methods: convergent parallel mixed method research with qualitative emphasis. Twelve older adults hospitalized during the period from October 22 to 27, 2021, in a hospital in Southern Brazil were selected by convenience. The participants were interviewed and answered the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and demographic and clinical variables were extracted from medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in thematic categories, with a joint display format and interpretive integration. Results: results were organized into three thematic categories: Signs and symptoms of depression among older adults in hospitalization; Challenges faced by hospitalized older adults that affect mental health; Elements of mental health support and conception of depression among hospitalized older adults. Conclusion/Final Considerations: the study identified signs and symptoms of depression and the challenges faced by older adults, which include hospitalization, their conception about depression, and mental health support mechanisms, with emphasis on faith. It provided an opportunity for speaking and active listening within the hospital setting, shedding light on the topic.

The influence mechanism of community-built environment on the health of older adults: from the perspective of low-income groups.

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of population ageing, the international community has been paying more attention to the health problems of older adults and the age-friendly community. But there has not been enough discussion about the internal mechanism of the community-built environment that influences the health of older adults. The aim of our study was to explore the complex relationships among community-built environment, social participation, outdoor exercise, and health of older adults, as well as the differences among older adults in different income groups, particular attention was paid to the situation of low-income group. METHODS: This study used descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation Modeling (SEM) to make a group comparison among older adults in different income groups. The data of this study came from a sample survey in Shanghai, China. RESULTS: The study found that health difference exists among older adults in China: the lower the income, the worse the community-built environment, the worse the health. The community-built environment had an important impact on the health of older adults, especially the low-income older adults. And the community-built environment influenced the health of older adults through the intermediary role of outdoor exercise and social participation. Furthermore, the lower the income level of older adults, the stronger the direct effect of the community-built environment on their health; the higher the income level of older adults, the stronger the mediating effect of outdoor exercise and social participation on the impact of the community-built environment on their health. CONCLUSION: Governments should pay more attention to the health and living conditions of low-income older adults and take proactive steps to help them. Community design and construction should pay more attention to the demands of low-income older adult groups, which will help to improve the health inequality of older adults, consequently enhancing older adults' overall health.

Quality of life and social vulnerability of older adults in the urban community: A cross-sectional study.

We aimed to investigate the association between social vulnerability and the quality of life of older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 older adults. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOLOLD instruments. Moreover, the older adults were evaluated according to the level of social vulnerability of the sector they live in. We found that older adults living with medium and high/very high social vulnerability had lower quality of life scores in the social relationships domain and the sensory skills facet compared to those with low social vulnerability. Those who lived in medium social vulnerability sectors had lower scores in the physical domain and in the past, present, and future activities facet. Translating these results into older adult care practice is in line with the new health paradigms that aim to overcome the current biological model of health care an moves toward the active aging approach.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Time of Utilitarian Walking and Walking as Exercise Among Brazilian Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The REMOBILIZE Study.

This study aimed to investigate behavioral changes related to utilitarian walking and walking as exercise among Brazilian older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from the longitudinal REMOBILIZE study were used. The survey was online and comprised 1,482 adults aged 60 years and older. The outcome was the hours per week of walking time (for utilitarian purposes, as exercise, and total), estimated by the frequency and duration and analyzed by average and rate of decrease, comparing pre- and during the pandemic. Total walking time was used to estimate transition patterns between levels of walking intensity. A moderate reduction of 1.76 hr per week in the total walking time was observed, and 28.1% of the participants' walking transition patterns were from more to less physically active. Our findings demonstrate the need for gender-specific interventions and policies to increase the walking levels among older adults after the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Preditores clínicos de fragilidade em usuários de serviço de Atenção Secundária em Geriatria e Gerontologia / Clinical predictors of frailty in users of Secondary Care in Geriatrics and Gerontology

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os preditores de saúde associados à fragilidade na população idosa atendida em um serviço de Atenção Secundária em Geriatria e Gerontologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal, envolvendo amostra de 4.323 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, submetidos a avaliação clínico-funcional. Selecionou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-funcionais que foram analisadas em comparação à variável dependente do estudo: estrato clínico-funcional por meio da Escala Visual de Fragilidade de forma dicotomizada em frágil e não frágil. Foram realizadas regressões logísticas univariadas. As variáveis com valor p<0,2 foram submetidas à regressão multivariada por meio dos métodos de stepwise e forward de seleção de variáveis na equação. Resultados O valor potencial de explicação do modelo foi de 70,4%. Sete variáveis relacionaram-se à fragilidade: idade (OR 1,016; IC 95%: 1,00-1,028; p<0,001), demência (OR 5,179; IC 95%: 3,839-5,961; p<0,001), sintomatologia depressiva (OR 1,268; IC 95: 1,090-1,475; p=0,002), incontinência urinária (OR 1,330; IC 95%: 1,153-1,535; p<0,001), alterações no padrão de marcha (OR 1,483; IC 95%: 1,287-1,709; p<0,001), circunferência de panturrilha (OR 0,956; IC 95%: 0,932-0,982; p=0,001), IMC (OR 1,026; IC 95%: 1,008-1,044; p=0,005). Conclusão A idade avançada, os quadros demenciais, sintomatologia depressiva, alterações esfincterianas e da marcha associaram-se com fragilidade. Destacam-se a associação entre fragilidade com mensurações reduzidas da circunferência de panturrilha e valores aumentados de IMC e o diagnóstico de demência como a maior força de associação com a síndrome de fragilidade.

Abstract Objective To analyze the health predictors associated with frailty in the older population treated at a Secondary Care Service in Geriatrics and Gerontology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional observational study involving a sample of 4,323 individuals aged 60 years or older that underwent a clinical-functional evaluation was conducted. Sociodemographic and clinical-functional variables were analyzed and compared against the dependent variable of the study: clinical-functional stratum, as measured by the Visual Frailty Scale, dichotomized into frail and non-frail. Univariate logistic regressions were performed and the variables with p-value <0.2 were submitted to multivariate regression by stepwise and forward methods of selecting variables in the equation. Results The potential explanatory value of the model was 70.4%. Seven variables were associated with frailty: age (OR 1.016; 95%CI: 1.001-1.028; p<0.001), dementia (OR 5.179; 95%CI: 3.839-5.961; p<0.001), depressive symptoms (OR 1.268; 95%CI: 1.090-1.475; p=0.002), urinary incontinence (OR 1.330; 95%CI: 1.153-1.535; p<0.001), changes in gait speed (OR 1.483; 95%CI: 1.287-1.709; p<0.001), calf circumference (OR 0.956; 95%CI: 0.932-0.982; p=0.001), and BMI (OR 1.026; 95%CI: 1.008-1.044; p=0.005). Conclusion Advanced age, dementia, depressive symptoms, and continence and gait changes were associated with frailty. The study results reveal an association of reduced calf circumference and increased BMI values with frailty in older adults and that dementia diagnosis had the strongest association with the frailty syndrome.

Adulto mayor: envejecimiento, discapacidad, cuidado y centros día. Revisión de tema / Older Adult: Aging, Disability, Care, and Day Centers. A Review

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso y modelos de envejecimiento, discapacidad, cuidado y centros día para atención de población adulta mayor. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de tema utilizando bases de datos como PubMed, información de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, guías de geriatría, revistas, artículos científicos y trabajos de grado acerca de los temas de vejez, aumento de la población y centros día. Resultados: El envejecimiento como proceso natural hace parte del ciclo de vida y comprende un amplio conjunto de procesos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales. Los centros día son una opción para no institucionalizar al adulto mayor dependiente, y en el adulto mayor sano, una opción de actividad, recreación y dignificación. Además, tienen objetivos dirigidos al cuidador. Actualmente el envejecimiento poblacional es una realidad mundial en la que los centros día pueden ser parte de la respuesta a la hora de cubrir las necesidades de cuidado, dignificación e integración de la población adulta mayor. Conclusión: Una opción para brindar cuidado integral de los adultos mayores son los centros día, los cuales son una alternativa intermedia entre conservar su ambiente habitual/ familiar y casos de institucionalización. El tema de los centros día para adultos mayores es un tópico que continúa en desarrollo, respecto a los cuales existen varias definiciones, formas de trabajo y procesos terapéuticos que se pueden llevar a cabo en estos. Es necesario conservar y fortalecer la salud y bienestar de los adultos mayores, y promover procesos de envejecimiento exitoso, saludable y/o activo.

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the process and models of aging, disability, care and day-care centers for the elderly population. Methodology: A narrative review of the topic using databases such as PubMed, information from the World Health Organization, geriatric guides, journals, scientific articles, and graduate projects on the issues of old age, population growth, and daycare centers. Results: Aging as a natural process is part of the life cycle and includes a broad set of biological, psychological, and social processes. Daycare centers are an option not to institutionalize the dependent older adult, and, for the healthy older adult, an option for activity, recreation, and dignity. In addition, they have goals directed at the caregiver. Currently, population aging is a global reality where daycare centers can be part of the answer to meeting the needs of care, dignity, and integration of older adults. Conclusion: Care goes beyond medical care. One option to provide comprehensive care for older adults is daycare centers, which are an intermediate alternative between preserving their usual/family environment and cases of institutionalization. The topic of daycare centers for older adults is a topic that continues to develop. There are various definitions, ways of working, and therapeutic processes that can be carried out. It is necessary to preserve and strengthen the health and well-being of older adults, and to promote successful, healthy, and active aging processes.

Incidência de AIDS em idosos do Rio Grande do Sul de 1997 a 2017: um estudo ecológico / AIDS incidence in Rio Grande do Sul in elderly from 1997 to 2017: an ecological study / Incidencia de SIDA en personas mayores en Rio Grande do Sul de 1997 a 2017: un estudio ecológico

Justificativa e Objetivos: O Rio Grande do Sul está entre os estados brasileiros com maior percentual de idosos. Mas, apesar das altas taxas de HIV/AIDS que têm sido verificadas na população geral, existem poucas investigações científicas que exploram este tema na população idosa. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a incidência anual de AIDS na população com 60 anos ou mais de idade, residente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, no período de 1997 a 2017, e comparar a diferença na taxa de infecção entre os sexos. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal. As informações sobre as notificações anuais de AIDS foram coletadas no TABNET, e os dados populacionais do RS foram consultados do TABNET e do site da Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) do RS. A incidência anual foi calculada por 100 mil habitantes. Resultados: Entre 1997 e 2017 foram notificados 3.697 casos de AIDS em idosos no RS. No comparativo entre 1997 e 2017, a incidência anual de AIDS em idosos no RS aumentou de 3,92 para 13,71/100 mil habitantes, o que configura um crescimento de 249,93% (340,49% entre homens e 171,50% entre mulheres). Conclusão: O percentual de diagnósticos de AIDS em idosos no RS foi seis vezes superior ao evidenciado na população geral. A taxa em homens foi quase duas vezes mais alta do que a das mulheres. Isso pode decorrer do aumento da expectativa de vida e de fatores relacionados ao comportamento sexual, como o uso de medicações para impotência e reposição hormonal e de tecnologias de comunicação.(AU)

Background and Objectives: Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is one of the Brazilian states with the highest percentage of older adults. However, despite the high rates of HIV/AIDS that have been detected in the general population, there are few scientific investigations regarding its prevalence in the older adult population. Our goal is to identify the annual incidence of AIDS in the population aged 60 or over living in the State of RS, Brazil, from 1997 to 2017, and to compare the sex differences in infection rates. Methods: This was a time-series ecological study. Information on annual AIDS notifications was collected on TABNET, and population data of RS was collected on TABNET and the website of the Foundation of Economy and Statistics (FEE) of RS. The annual incidence was calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: Between 1997 and 2017, 3,697 AIDS cases in older adults were notified in RS. In the comparison between 1997 and 2017, the annual incidence of AIDS in older adults in RS increased from 3.92 to 13.71/100,000 inhabitants, and a 249.93% increase (340.49% among men and 171.50% among women). Conclusion: The percentage of AIDS diagnostic in RS was six times higher in older adults than in the general population. The rate for men was almost twice as high as that for women. This may be due to increased life expectancy and other factors related to sexual behavior, such as medications for erectile dysfunction and hormonal replacement, and communication technologies.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: Rio Grande do Sul se encuentra entre los estados brasileños con el mayor porcentaje de personas mayores. Además, se han observado altas tasas de VIH/SIDA en la población general; sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones científicas que exploren este tema. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la incidencia anual de SIDA en la población mayor de 60 años residente en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en el periodo de 1997 a 2017, así como comparar la diferencia en la tasa de infección entre los sexos. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de series de tiempo. La información sobre las notificaciones anuales de SIDA se consultó en TABNET y los datos de población de ese estado se recopilaron en TABNET y en el sitio web de la Fundación de Economía y Estadística (FEE). La incidencia anual se calculó por 100 mil habitantes. Resultados: Entre 1997 y 2017 se reportaron 3.697 casos de SIDA en las personas mayores en este estado. En la comparación entre 1997 y 2017, la incidencia anual de SIDA en ancianos encontrada pasó de 3,92 a 13,71/100.000 habitantes, lo que representa un aumento del 249,93% (340,49% en hombres y 171,50% entre mujeres). Conclusiones: El porcentaje de diagnóstico de SIDA en personas mayores encontrado fue seis veces mayor al evidenciado en la población general. La tasa de los hombres fue casi el doble que la de las mujeres. Esto puede deberse al aumento de la esperanza de vida y factores relacionados con la conducta sexual, como el uso de medicamentos para la impotencia y el reemplazo hormonal y tecnologías de la comunicación.(AU)

Percepção dos idosos sobre o papel do enfermeiro num centro de convivência / Perception of older peole on the role of nurses in a living center

Introdução: O Centro de Convivência de Idosos (CCI) é um espaço destinado ao bem-estar da pessoa idosa. O acompanhamento de profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro nesse espaço contribui para promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos idosos quanto a atuação do enfermeiro no Centro de Convivência. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa realizada em um município da região do Sudoeste do estado de Mato Grosso, com idosos participantes de um CCI. A coleta de dados ocorreu em setembro de 2014, por meio da técnica de entrevista. A quantidade de sujeitos foi definida por saturação dos dados. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: "O enfermeiro e o Centro de Convivência" e "O cuidado de enfermagem no Centro de Convivência". Considerações finais: Os idosos relataram que a presença do enfermeiro no CCI facilita os cuidados e intervenções de saúde, além do estabelecimento de ações e práticas voltadas ao envelhecimento saudável.(AU)

Introduction: The Older Adults Living Center (CCI) is a space for the well-being of older people. The monitoring of health professionals, especially nurses in that space, contributes to health promotion and disease prevention. Objective: To understand the perception of older adults regarding the role of nurses in the Community Center. Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study carried out in a municipality in the Southwest region of the state of Mato Grosso, with older people participating in an ICC. Data collection took place in September 2014, using the interview technique. The number of subjects was defined by data saturation. The data was analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. Results: Two categories emerged: "The nurse and the Living Center" and "Nursing care in the Living Center". Conclusion: The older population reported that the presence of nurses in the ICC facilitates health care and interventions, in addition to establishing actions and practices aimed at healthy aging.(AU)

Educational technology: a facilitating instrument for the elderly care / Tecnología educacional: un instrumento dinamizador del cuidado de ancianos / Tecnologia educacional: um instrumento dinamizador do cuidado com idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop educational technology with caregivers of older people based on the needs, difficulties and concerns related to the elderly care expressed by the caregivers themselves. Method: Research of qualitative nature, with participant observation, based on concepts used by Paulo Freire. Data collection and analysis used the "World Cafe" methodology and the thematic content analysis, respectively. Result: The needs of these caregivers refer to their training and information on aging. The difficulties highlighted are deterrents to quality assistance to older adults, such as: insufficient resources, environmental factor and relationship with the family. The interests are evident in relation to the care and to its more subjective relationship. Final considerations: Educational technologies, printed matter and media, developed along with the caregivers, contribute to orientation and information of caregiver, population and professionals as facilitating instruments, regarding elderly care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Desarrollar tecnología educacional con los cuidadores de ancianos a partir de las necesidades, dificultades e intereses manifestados por dichos cuidadores, relativos al cuidado de personas ancianas. Método: Investigación de carácter cualitativo, con enfoque participante, orientada por los conceptos de Paulo Freire. Para la recolección y el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las técnicas del «World Café¼ y análisis de Contenido del tipo temático, respectivamente. Resultado: Las necesidades de los cuidadores de ancianos se refieren a su capacitación y a información acerca del envejecimiento. Las dificultades señaladas se encuentran en los impeditivos para asistencia de calidad al anciano, tales como: insuficiencia de recursos, factor ambiental y relación familiar. Los intereses son evidentes respecto a la práctica del cuidado y en su relación más subjetiva. Consideraciones finales: Las tecnologías educacionales, impreso y medios, desarrollados con los cuidadores, contribuye en cuanto instrumento dinamizador para orientación e información del cuidador, población y profesionales, frente al cuidado del anciano.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver tecnologia educacional com cuidadores de idosos a partir de necessidades, dificuldades e interesses manifestados por esses indivíduos quanto ao cuidado com a pessoa idosa. Método: pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, com abordagem participante, orientada por conceitos de Paulo Freire. A coleta e a análise dos dados foram feitas com base nas técnicas do World Café e da análise de conteúdo do tipo temático, respectivamente. Resultado: as necessidades dos cuidadores de idosos se referem a capacitação e informações sobre envelhecimento. As dificuldades apontadas estão nos impeditivos para assistência de qualidade ao idoso, tais como: insuficiência de recursos, fator ambiental e relação com a família. Os interesses são evidentes no tocante à prática do cuidado e em sua relação mais subjetiva. Considerações finais: as tecnologias educacionais, impresso e mídia, desenvolvidas com os cuidadores, contribuem, enquanto instrumentos dinamizadores, para orientação e informação do cuidador, da população e de profissionais sobre o cuidado com o idoso.

Functional health literacy and adherence to the medication in older adults: integrative review / Letra funcional en salud y adhesión a la medicación en ancianos: revisión integradora / Letramento funcional em saúde e adesão à medicação em idosos: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the national and international scientific production on the relationship of Functional Health Literacy and the adherence to the medication in older adults. Method: integrative review of literature, searching the following online databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO); Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE); and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), in June 2016. We selected 7 articles that obeyed the inclusion criteria. Results: all articles are from the USA. The inappropriate Functional Health Literacy affects the non-adherence to medication; however, there are several strategies and interventions that can be practiced to change this relationship. Conclusion: nursing needs to explorefurther this theme, since it can exert a differentiated care for adherence to medication in older adults, considering the literacy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica nacional e internacional sobre la relación de la Letra Funcional en Salud y la adhesión a la medicación en ancianos. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, con búsqueda en las bases de datos on-line: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO); Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE); y Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), en el mes de junio de 2016. Fueron seleccionados 7 artículos que han cumplido los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: todos los artículos son internacionales y originarios de EUA. La Letra Funcional en Salud inadecuada influencia para la adhesión a la medicación, sin embargo hay varias Estrategias e intervenciones que pueden ser realizadas en la práctica para modificar esa relación. Conclusión: la enfermería necesita explorar más esa temática, ya que puede ejercer un cuidado diferenciado para la adhesión a la medicación en ancianos, teniendo en cuenta la letra.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre a relação do Letramento Funcional em Saúde e a adesão à medicação em idosos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados on-line: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE); e Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), no mês de junho de 2016. Foram selecionados 7 artigos que obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: todos os artigos são internacionais e originários dos EUA. O Letramento Funcional em Saúde inadequado influencia para a não adesão à medicação, porém há diversas estratégias e intervenções que podem ser realizadas na prática para modificar essa relação. Conclusão: a enfermagem precisa explorar mais essa temática, visto que pode exercer um cuidado diferenciado para a adesão à medicação em idosos, levando em conta o letramento.

A qualitative study to examine older adults' perceptions of health: Keys to aging successfully.

Older adult health is often defined in clinical terms. Research has demonstrated that many older adults self-report aging successfully regardless of clinical health status. This qualitative study used claims data to identify older adults on three levels of health status: healthy and active, managing diseases, or very sick, to better understand how health is defined and maintained. In total, 32 participants from two cities were interviewed. Interviews were audio- and video-recorded and then transcribed. Thematic analysis identified five themes: disconnectedness between objective and subjective health; health defined to include psychological and social components; resilience and coping mechanisms indicative of successful aging; social support systems integral to health; and the goal of maintaining functioning. These results indicate the importance of individual perceptions of health rather than just counts of chronic diseases. Health management programs should provide holistic approaches to maximize health outcomes and to promote successful aging.

Visão, qualidade de vida e adesão medicamentosa em idosos com retinopatia diabética / Vision, quality of life and medication adherence in older adults with diabetic retinopathy / Visión, calidad de vida y adhesión a la terapia medicamentosa en los ancianos con retinopatía diabética

O estudo objetivou analisar a influência da qualidade de vida relacionada à função visual (QVRFV) sobre a adesão medicamentosa e o efeito moderador da acuidade visual (AV) na relação QVRFV – adesão em idosos com retinopatia diabética. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal envolvendo idosos em uso de antidiabéticos orais/ insulina e anti-hipertensivos. Avaliou-se aproporção de adesão e os cuidados no uso dos medicamentos. Utilizou-se o National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire para avaliação da QVRFV. Empregou-se a análise de relação conjunta e a variância bivariada para testar o efeito moderador da AV na relação QVRFV – adesão. Dos 100 idosos avaliados, 58% foram classificados como aderentes. Aqueles com pior QVRFV e baixa visão grave para longe mostraram 3.34 e 2.95 mais chance de não adesão, respectivamente. O efeito moderador estudado, entretanto, não foi observado. Os resultados ratificam que o efeito da AV e da QVRFV sobre a adesão ocorre de forma independente.

This cross-sectional study examined the influence of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) on medication adherence,and the moderator effect of visual acuity (VA) in the relationship of VRQoL to adherence, in older adults with diabetic retinopathy. The study sample comprised elderly patients taking oral antidiabetic/ insulin and antihypertensive drugs. Medication adherence rate, and its association with care taken in drug administration, were assessed. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire was used to evaluate VRQoL. Analysis of the joint relationship and bivariate analysis of variance were applied to test the moderator effect of VA in the relationship between VRQoL and adherence. Of the 100 patients tested, 58% classified as adherent. Those with worse VRQoL and severe visual impairment or blindness showed, respectively, 3.34 and 2.95 higher probability of non-adherence. However, the moderator effect studied was not observed. The data confirmed thatthe effects of VA and VRQoL on adherence were independent of each other.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de la calidad de vida relacionada con la función visual (CVRFV) sobre la adhesión a la terapéutica medicamentosa y el efecto moderador de la agudeza visual (AV) en relación CVRFV – adhesión en los ancianos con retinopatía diabética. Se trata de un estudio transversal involucrando a ancianos que usaban antidiabéticos orales/ insulina y fármacos antihipertensivos. Se evaluó la proporción de la adhesión y los cuidados en cuanto al uso de medicamentos. Se utilizó el National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire para evaluar CVRFV. Se utilizaron análisis de prueba conjunta y varianza bivariada para evaluar el efecto moderador de la AV en relación CVRFV – adhesión. De los 100 ancianos evaluados, un 58% fue clasificado como adherentes. Los que obtuvieron peor CVRFV y discapacidad visual severa de distancia mostraron de 3.34 y 2.95 más posibilidad de no adhesión, respectivamente. No se observó, sin embargo, el efecto moderador estudiado. Estos datos confirman que el efecto de AV y CVRFV sobre la adhesión se produce de forma independiente.