Towards reliable forecasting of healthcare capacity needs: A scoping review and evidence mapping.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of robust healthcare capacity planning and preparedness for emerging crises. However, healthcare systems must also adapt to more gradual temporal changes in disease prevalence and demographic composition over time. To support proactive healthcare planning, statistical capacity forecasting models can provide valuable information to healthcare planners. This systematic literature review and evidence mapping aims to identify and describe studies that have used statistical forecasting models to estimate healthcare capacity needs within hospital settings. METHOD: Studies were identified in the databases MEDLINE and Embase and screened for relevance before items were defined and extracted within the following categories: forecast methodology, measure of capacity, forecast horizon, healthcare setting, target diagnosis, validation methods, and implementation. RESULTS: 84 studies were selected, all focusing on various capacity outcomes, including number of hospital beds/ patients, staffing, and length of stay. The selected studies employed different analytical models grouped in six items; discrete event simulation (N = 13, 15 %), generalized linear models (N = 21, 25 %), rate multiplication (N = 15, 18 %), compartmental models (N = 14, 17 %), time series analysis (N = 22, 26 %), and machine learning not otherwise categorizable (N = 12, 14 %). The review further provides insights into disease areas with infectious diseases (N = 24, 29 %) and cancer (N = 12, 14 %) being predominant, though several studies forecasted healthcare capacity needs in general (N = 24, 29 %). Only about half of the models were validated using either temporal validation (N = 39, 46 %), cross-validation (N = 2, 2 %) or/and geographical validation (N = 4, 5 %). CONCLUSION: The forecasting models' applicability can serve as a resource for healthcare stakeholders involved in designing future healthcare capacity estimation. The lack of routine performance validation of the used algorithms is concerning. There is very little information on implementation and follow-up validation of capacity planning models.

[Factors associated with the care needs of the older adults based on different disability levels].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the care needs of the older adults aged 65-105 by age groups, and to compare these factors across different age groups. METHODS: A total of 12 244 older adults from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2018 were included in the analyses. The participants were categorized into three age groups: young-old (aged 65-79), middle-old (aged 80-89), and oldest-old (aged 90-105). The level of disability was measured by the disability index (DI) in four dimensions, reflecting their care needs. Potential factors associated with care needs were selected based on the health ecological model (HEM), including perspectives of personal characteristics, behavioral characteristics, interpersonal network, living and working conditions, and policy environment. Multifactor analysis was performed using multinomial Logistic regression. RESULTS: Among China ' s 12 244 older adults, 43.4% had medium or high care needs. Factors for higher care needs of older adults included higher age, higher number of chronic diseases, no exercise habit, excessive sleep duration (≥9 h/d), depressive tendency, living with children or spouse, and uneducated (all P < 0.05). In addition, the young-old group who were past smokers (OR=2.009, 95% CI: 1.019-3.959), were past drinkers (OR=2.213, 95% CI: 1.141-4.291), and reported self-perceived poverty (OR=2.051, 95% CI: 1.189-3.540), had higher level of care needs. The middle-old group who were female (OR=1.373, 95% CI: 1.038-1.817), never drank alcohol (OR=1.551, 95% CI: 1.059-2.269), and were lack of medical insurance (OR=1.598, 95% CI: 1.053-2.426), and had higher level of care needs. The oldest-old group who were female (medium care needs vs. low care needs: OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.062-1.878; high care needs vs. low care needs: OR=1.506, 95% CI: 1.137-1.993), reported self-perceived poverty (OR=2.064, 95% CI: 1.282-3.323), and were lack of medical insurance (OR=1.621, 95% CI: 1.148-2.291), and had higher level of care needs. CONCLUSION: The identical factors associated with care needs across different age groups include age, chronic disease, exercise, sleep, depression, living arrangement, and education. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and economic status are specific factors among the young-old group of the older adults, while gender and medical insurance are specific factors among the middle-old and the oldest-old group of the older adults. We recommend conducting prospective cohort studies and intervention studies among specific age groups on the above factors to provide reliable evidence for policy formulation.

Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Care seeking was assessed in preparation for a study of the health impact of novel design houses in rural Mtwara, Tanzania. METHODS: A total of 578 residents of 60 villages participated in this mixed-methods study from April to August 2020. Among them, 550 participated in a healthcare-seeking survey, 17 in in-depth interviews and 28 in key informant interviews. RESULTS: The decision to seek care was based on symptom severity (95.4% [370]). Caregivers first visited non-allopathic healthcare providers or were treated at home, which led to delays in seeking care at healthcare facilities. More than one-third (36.0% [140]) of respondents took >12 h seeking care at healthcare facilities. The majority (73.0% [282]) visited healthcare facilities, whereas around one-fifth (21.0% [80]) sought care at drug stores. Treatment costs deterred respondents from visiting healthcare facilities (61.4% [338]). Only 10 (3.6%) of the households surveyed reported that they were covered by health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of care, related to institutional factors, impacts timely care seeking for childhood illnesses in Mtwara, Tanzania. Ensuring accessibility of facilities is therefore not sufficient.

Long- and short-term frequent attenders' perceptions of patient-centredness in Finnish primary healthcare: A cross-sectional survey and the equivalence of the factor structure of the 36-item patient-centred primary care instrument.

AIM: The study aimed to compare long- and short-term frequent attenders' (FAs) perceptions of patient-centredness and to assess the equivalence of the factor structure of patient-centred primary care (PCPC) instrument for long- and short-term FAs. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of long-term (n = 234) and short-term (n = 261) FAs within the primary healthcare of one city in Finland. The data collected in January-July 2020 via 'the 36-item PCPC instrument' were analysed using Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Cronbach's alpha, and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). RESULTS: Long-term FAs had worse perceptions of patient-centredness than short-term FAs across all subscales: patients' preferences, physical comfort, coordination of care, continuity and transition, emotional support, access to care, information and education, and family and friends. The MGCFA indicated a good fit for the predicted eight-factor model. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term FAs' care needs are currently not being met, indicating the need for considering how the way healthcare services are arranged and care is provided affects prolonged and high care needs. Various dimensions of patient-centredness need to be addressed when developing not only FAs' care but also wider service paths. A distinction should be made between long- and short-term frequent attendance when identifying and addressing FAs' service needs.

Revolutionizing cancer treatment in India: Evaluating the unmet need, economics, and a roadmap for project implementation of particle therapy.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to quantitatively assess eligible patients and project the demand for particle therapy facilities in India from 2020 to 2040. In addition, an economic analysis evaluates the financial feasibility of implementing this technology. The study also examines the prospective benefits and challenges of adopting this technology in India. METHODOLOGY: Cancer incidence and projected trends were analyzed for pediatric patients using the Global Childhood Cancer microsimulation model and adult patients using the Globocan data. Economic cost evaluation is performed for large-scale combined particle (carbon and proton-three room fixed-beam), large-scale proton (one gantry and two fixed-beam), and small-scale proton (one gantry) facility. RESULTS: By 2040, the estimated number of eligible patients for particle therapy is projected to reach 161,000, including approximately 14,000 pediatric cases. The demand for particle therapy facilities is projected to rise from 81 to 97 in 2020 to 121 to 146 by 2040. The capital expenditure is estimated to be only 3.7 times that of a standard photon linear accelerator over a 30-year period. Notably, the treatment cost can be reduced to USD 400 to 800 per fraction, substantially lower than that in high-income countries (USD 1000 to 3000 per fraction). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that, in the Indian scenario, all particle therapy models are cost-beneficial and feasible, with large-scale proton therapy being the most suitable. Despite challenges such as limited resources, space, a skilled workforce, referral systems, and patient affordability, it offers substantial benefits. These include the potential to treat many patients and convenient construction and operational costs. An iterative phased implementation strategy can effectively overcome these challenges, paving the way for the successful adoption of particle therapy in India. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In India, eligible patients benefiting from high-precision particle therapy technology projected to rise till 2040. Despite high upfront costs, our study finds the long-term feasibility of all particle therapy models, potentially offering a substantial reduction in treatment cost compared to high-income countries. Despite challenges, India can succeed with an iterative phased approach.

Shortcomings of services for persons with severe and persistent mental health challenges: a qualitative study of service users and family carers.

Introduction: The opinions of service users and carers are crucial to identifying ways to innovate and implement system change. This study aims to explore the views and experiences of service users and carerson the services they have used for their mental health challenges and their suggestions for service reform. Methods: Twenty participants (15 carers and 5 service users) were interviewed for the study. Results: Eight categories emerged from the data. They were: Several gaps in the system, Barriers to accessing services, Services are not fit for purpose, Services operate in isolation, System is not person focused, Service users and carers are treated poorly, Services are overloaded and under resourced and Recommendations for service reform. Respondents reported that a persistent lack of funding and resources for mental health services was a main cause of these shortcomings. Respondents also noted that innovations were needed to re-orient services to enable continuity of care, and training of mental health professionals was needed for a better understanding of the needs of service users and their carers. Discussion: Additional research is needed with larger and more diverse samples to further explore these findings.

Effects of disability-related limitations in daily living on unmet needs: a longitudinal-study1.

BACKGROUND: Unmet health needs are particularly important to people with disabilities; however, these unmet needs owing to limitations in daily life have been under-researched thus far. This study examined the effects of disability-related limitations in daily life on unmet needs. METHODS: This study included 5,074 adults with disabilities from the 2018-2020 Korea Disability and Life Dynamics Panel. We analyzed the effects of disability-related limitations in daily life on unmet needs using logistic regression with a generalized estimating equation model. RESULTS: Overall, 4.8% men and 4.6% women with disabilities had unmet needs. For men, unmet needs were 1.46 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.96) higher for those with moderate limitations in daily life. For women, unmet needs were 1.79 times (95% CI 1.22-2.39) higher when there were moderate limitations in daily life. The prominent factors causing this effect were physical or brain lesion disability for men and internal or facial disability and burden of medical expenses for women. CONCLUSIONS: Limitations in daily life due to disability increase the risk of having unmet needs, an effect that is significantly more pronounced in men. These unmet needs differ depending on an individual's sex, disability type, limited body parts, and other specific causes. Efforts are required to reduce the unmet needs of people with disabilities by considering the type of disability, impaired body parts, and causes of unmet needs in daily life.

Urologist Access for the Male Population: An 18-Year Study on Population Trends.

INTRODUCTION: Our study examines the factors associated with urologist availability for younger and older men across the country over a period of 18 years from 2000 to 2018. METHODS: The Area Health Resource Files and US Census Data were analyzed from 2000, 2010, and 2018. The younger male population was defined as men aged 20 to 49, and the older male population was defined as ages 50 to 79. Urologist availability was determined by county at all time points. Logistic regression analysis and geographically weighted regression was completed. RESULTS: Over an 18-year period, overall urologist availability decreased for men by 19.6%. Access to urologist availability for men in metropolitan and rural counties decreased by 9.4% and 29.5%, respectively. Among the younger male cohort, urologist availability increased in metropolitan counties by 4%, but decreased by 16% in rural counties. There was an overall decrease in urologist availability of 28% and 43% in metropolitan and rural counties in the older male population. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that metropolitan status was the most significant factor associated with urologist availability for both male populations. The odds of each independent factor predicting urologist availability for the younger and older male population is dependent on geography. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the male population has seen a decline in urologist availability. This is especially true for the older male residing in a rural county. Predictors of urologist availability depend on geographical regions, and understanding these regional drivers may allow us to better address disparities in urological care.

Estimation of Supply and Demand for Cardiologists in Korea.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to estimate the supply and demand for cardiologists in Korea and provide evidence for healthcare policy to ensure a stable and adequate workforce for optimal cardiovascular disease management. METHODS: Past trends of inflow and outflow of cardiologists were used to make crude projections, which were then adjusted based on demands of services to obtain final projections. Inflow of cardiologists was estimated using second-order polynomial regression and demand for cardiology care was estimated using linear regression. RESULTS: There were 1,139 active cardiologists who were under the age of 65 in clinical practice in Korea. The estimated number of cardiologists from 2022 to 2040 showed that the number of cardiologists would peak at 1,344 in 2032 and gradually decrease thereafter. We also estimated an increase of 947,811 cases of heart-related procedures annually from 2023 to 2032. The number of heart-related procedures per cardiologist would increase 1.4 times from 12,964 in 2023 to 17,862 in 2032. The estimated number of emergency patients per cardiologist under 50 years old would almost double from 544 in 2022 to 987 in 2032. CONCLUSIONS: We expect significant shortage of cardiologists in Korea within the next 10 years. The number of emergency patients per cardiologist will increase by nearly 50%, leading to high individual workload for cardiologists. To prevent this imbalance between supply and demand, an organized and collective approach by the specialty of cardiology is imperative to produce a balanced workforce.

Percepciones del personal de salud sobre los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en un servicio de salud mental y adicciones

Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones del personal de salud sobre los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la organización de un servicio de salud mental y adicciones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta diseñada por el Observatorio Argentino de Drogas de la SEDRONAR (Secretaría de Políticas sobre Drogas de la Nación Argentina) al personal de salud del Centro Asistencial Córdoba durante el mes de noviembre 2020. Resultados: Según las percepciones del personal de salud, la institución sostuvo la admisión y la suspensión fue solamente sobre las prestaciones de terapia grupal durante la primera etapa, que se revirtió desarrollando grupos terapéuticos mediante videollamadas. En relación con la variación de la demanda de atención, el 68,9% mencionó estar totalmente en desacuerdo con la afirmación de que la misma disminuyó. El personal de salud observó una variabilidad en los motivos de consulta y un aumento en la demanda de atención, con un crecimiento de las consultas por violencia autoinfligida y por consumos problemáticos de sustancias. Conclusión: Las medidas de aislamiento implicaron una reorganización de los servicios y sus modalidades de atención. Se torna importante preparar a los servicios de salud mental y adicciones para brindar las prestaciones necesarias y dar respuesta a las demandas de atención durante este tipo de contingencias.

Objetive: To analyze the perceptions of health personnel about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organization of a mental health and drug abuse service. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative. A survey designed by the Argentine Drugs Observatory of SEDRONAR (Secretaría de Políticas sobre Drogas de la Nación Argentina) was applied to all the health professionals at Centro Asistencial Córdoba during November 2020. Results: According to the perceptions of health personnel, the organization kept admissions open for new treatments and the suspension was only about group therapy benefits during the first moment of lockdown measures, which was reversed by developing therapeutic groups through video calls. Regarding the change in demand for attention, 68, 9% mentioned being totally at odds with the claim that it diminished. Health personnel perceived a variability in the reasons for consultation and an increase in the demand for attention with a growth in consultations due to self-inflicted violence and substance-related disorders. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that lockdown measures involved a reorganization of services and their modalities of attention. Therefore, it becomes important to prepare mental health services and substance-related disorders to provide the necessary benefits and respond to the demands for attention during this type of critical incidents.

Unmet Needs of Patients With Chronic Urticaria: A Survey in Korea.

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common problem with a high disease burden that has a significant negative impact on quality of life. Many patients are undertreated, and awareness of management strategies is low among clinicians. The present study aimed to improve understanding of CU from the patients' perspective, including the disease burden and current healthcare system use. Adult patients who presented to our referral hospital for CU treatment completed self-report questionnaires about demographics, clinical characteristics of CU, the impact of CU on daily life, unmet needs, and the history of medical service usage. This self-report survey included 127 participants (females, 57.0%; mean age, 42.0 ± 13.6 years; mean CU duration, 1.8 ± 3.4 years); 51.6% reported frequent discomfort with CU in daily life, including 44.1% of those who reported a good response to medication. More than half of the respondents reported a depressed mood and anxiety. Although 46.4% of the respondents reported that urticaria completely disappeared while on medication, only 10% were satisfied with the CU management provided by primary care hospitals. The principal cause of dissatisfaction was that they did not know the cause of CU (68.4% of patients). In total, 55% of the patients visited 2 or more hospitals before presenting to our referral hospital and 6.3% had tried folk remedies. In conclusion, most patients report that CU is not adequately controlled. Therefore, in addition to appropriate medication, information on the cause of CU, long-term treatment plan, medication safety, and expected prognosis is required to meet patients' needs.

Educational needs of patients, families, and healthcare professionals to support the patient journey in haemophilia gene therapy in the UK.

With the first gene therapies for haemophilia approved by the European Commission, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, it is important to consider the remaining unmet needs and challenges that may arise throughout patients' treatment journeys. We discuss existing unmet needs and important considerations prior to, during, and following haemophilia gene therapy treatment in the UK, and propose potential next steps. Key areas for attention are education, psychological support, and guidance on implementation. Strategies are urgently required to fulfil these needs. An immediate priority for information providers should be comprehensive education for people with haemophilia (PWH) and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Greater access to resources and training in psychological services will be required throughout the treatment pathway. More specific guidance is required to define the implementation model, criteria for accreditation, and responsibilities of care centres. Furthermore, PWH may revisit discussions with HCPs multiple times pre-infusion, thus the patient journey is unlikely to be linear. Consideration of these challenges, and of potential strategies to address them, will be integral to optimising the future success of this promising therapy.

Classification of health needs: a cluster analysis of older adults in urban areas.

BACKGROUND: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was used to understand and analyze the health status and health needs of the elderly in the community. The cluster analysis method was used to explore the relationship between health needs items and investigate the commonness among health demand items, to provide a reference for the development of health management of the elderly with chronic diseases. METHODS: We used convenience sampling to recruit the participants (aged 60 and above) from four urban community centers in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China, in this study. This study uses the Medical Outcomes Study(MOS)36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. The self-designed questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, physical examination conditions, illness in the past two weeks, and a health needs questionnaire. SPSS 18.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way analysis, cluster analysis, and linear multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of health needs among the elderly in the community for various health services is 1.3-69.7%, of which the top three are: regular physical examination (69.7%), day Care Center (67.7%), the establishment of a Medical Alert Systems (66.1%). The health needs of the elderly in the community are divided into three categories: basic needs (24 items), health education (13 items), and first aid (2 items). The regression analysis found that the influencing factors of health status were age, revenue and expenditure, medical expenses, health education, basic needs, and first aid. CONCLUSIONS: The community should strengthen the management of chronic diseases of the elderly and the publicity and education of related knowledge, and provide complementary health care services according to the health needs of the elderly, improve the health of the elderly, and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Age-Dependent Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Antidepressants are among the most prescribed medications in the United States. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of antidepressant prescriptions and investigate sex differences and age-sex interactions in adults enrolled in the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time: Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment (RIGHT) study. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the RIGHT study. Using electronic prescriptions, we assessed 12-month prevalence of antidepressant treatment. Sex differences and age-sex interactions were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and flexible recursive smoothing splines. Results: The sample consisted of 11,087 participants (60% women). Antidepressant prescription prevalence was 22.24% (27.96% women, 13.58% men). After adjusting for age and enrollment year, women had significantly greater odds of antidepressant prescription (odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval = 2.07, 2.54). Furthermore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) had a significant age-sex interaction. While SSRI prescriptions in men showed a sustained decrease with age, there was no such decline for women until after reaching ∼50 years of age. There are important limitations to consider in this study. Electronic prescription data were cross-sectional; information on treatment duration or adherence was not collected; this cohort is not nationally representative; and enrollment occurred over a broad period, introducing confounding by changes in temporal prescribing practices. Conclusions: Underscored by the significant interaction between age and sex on odds of SSRI prescription, our results warrant age to be incorporated as a mediator when investigating sex differences in mental illness, especially mood disorders and their treatment.

Modelling a Consultant Workforce for the United Kingdom: needs-based planning for Dental Public Health.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a needs-based workforce planning model to explore specialist workforce capacity and capability for the effective, efficient, and safe provision of services in the United Kingdom (UK); and test the model using Dental Public Health (DPH). BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Data from a national workforce survey, national audit, and specialty workshops in 2020 and 2021 set the parameters for a safe effective DPH workforce. A working group drawing on external expertise, developed a conceptual workforce model which informed the mathematical modelling, taking a Markovian approach. The latter enabled the consideration of possible scenarios relating to workforce development. It involved exploration of capacity within each career stage in DPH across a time horizon of 15 years. Workforce capacity requirements were calculated, informed by past principles. RESULTS: Currently an estimated 100 whole time equivalent (WTE) specialists are required to provide a realistic basic capacity nationally for DPH across the UK given the range of organisations, population growth, complexity and diversity of specialty roles. In February 2022 the specialty had 53.55 WTE academic/service consultants, thus a significant gap. The modelling evidence suggests a reduction in DPH specialist capacity towards a steady state in line with the current rate of training, recruitment and retention. The scenario involving increasing training numbers and drawing on other sources of public health trained dentists whilst retaining expertise within DPH has the potential to build workforce capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Current capacity is below basic requirements and approaching 'steady state'. Retention and innovative capacity building are required to secure and safeguard the provision of specialist DPH services to meet the needs of the UK health and care systems.

Association between long working hours and unmet dental needs in wage workers.

BACKGROUND: Many previous studies on the reasons behind unmet dental needs focus on economic issues. However, in this research, we aimed to investigate the relationship between long working hours and unmet dental needs while considering the influence of occupational factors in wage workers. METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012-2018) and analyzed a sample of 12,104 wage workers. Unmet dental needs were defined as cases in which individuals did not receive dental care, despite their need for examination or treatment, within the last year. Long working hours were defined as exceeding 52 h per week, based on the standard working hours stipulated by the Labor Standards Act. A binomial model was applied to calculate the prevalence ratio through multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of unmet dental needs was observed in 3,948 cases (32.5%), among which 1,478 attributed their presence to lack of time. The prevalence of unmet dental needs showed an inverse relationship with the education level and household income. The wage workers who worked long hours had the highest prevalence of unmet dental needs. Long working hours were found to be 1.18 times (95% CI 1.07-1.29) more likely to result in unmet dental care compared to working less than 40 h. The relationship between long working hours and unmet dental needs were statistically significant only in men (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43). However, the relationship between long working hours and unmet dental needs owing to time were in both men and women (men: PR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20-2.11, women: PR 1.90, 95% CI 1.48-2.43). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that long working hours and unmet dental needs are related when occupational factors are taken into consideration, despite the absence of oral health indicators. Using this study as a reference, further research is necessary to identify the underlying causes of unmet dental care and to improve access to dental services in the future.

Integrated person- and people-centred primary care for diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: The nurses' perspective on patient needs.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify what nurses working in primary care settings perceive as necessary to support the life needs of people with type 2 diabetes. Articulate these needs with the needs expressed by people with diabetes in a previous study. Finally, illustrate the potential of the used method. DESIGN: A highly structured qualitative group method for brainstorming and idea sharing was used to generate a participant-owned concept map that can support and evaluate practice change. METHODS: Data were collected between April and May 2022 in two public primary healthcare centres in Sacaba, Bolivia, with 33 professional nurses, technical nurses, nurse trainees and one physician. The concept mapping process by Trochim was used to generate, share and structure ideas, maximizing equality of input. RESULTS: The nurses identified 73 unique needs that were structured in 11 conceptual clusters related to four different stakeholders or domains: organization of care and health policy, strengthening knowledge, skills and attitudes of healthcare providers, empower people living with diabetes and their family, and community-level health promotion and diabetes education. CONCLUSION: The needs and domains identified by nurses and people with type 2 diabetes are very similar and inform a multisectoral and transdisciplinary action plan to jointly monitor and evaluate progress towards people-centred care for people with diabetes. IMPACT: This study demonstrates nurses' important contribution to analysing and designing people-centred care in their community. They identify and act upon social determinants of health related to schools, safety and legislation. Besides global relevance, results inform the municipal health plan and an ongoing research project on cardiometabolic health. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Data from prior patient consultations were included in the study design, and study results inform the municipal health plan.

Approaches and Components of Health Workforce Planning Models: A Systematic Review.

Background: To date, there is still no uniformity in forecasting models for health workforce planning (HWFP). Different countries use various HWFP models, some of which are context-specific. The objective of this systematic review is to determine approaches and components of HWFP models. Methods: A systematic review of studies published in English and Persian between 2004 and 2021 was performed by searching PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Eric, and Elmnet databases. Articles that assessed HWFP models, focused on health service delivery, used input-output models, and a clear formulation process were included. Articles that scored ≥20 points on the "strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology" checklist were considered of acceptable quality for inclusion. Results: Twenty articles were included for qualitative synthesis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies used the mixed method approach "supply and demand", whereas target- and needs-based approaches were used less frequently. The number of components used to estimate supply, demand, needs, and targets were 42, 32, 11, and 6, respectively. In addition, several unique factors used in the various HWFP models were identified. Conclusion: Different approaches are used in HWFP models, which is indicative of the lack of consensus on this topic. High diversity in the identified factors is related to the approach used and the context in which the model is applied.

Global research publications on cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation and their alignment with population rehabilitation needs: An ecological study.

PURPOSE: Towards informing health research policy and planning, this article evaluates the relationship of the research publications in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with the rehabilitation needs arising from cardiovascular diseases (except stroke) and chronic respiratory diseases, over time (1990-2017). METHODS: Ecological study using a secondary analysis and linear regressions of public domain data to associate two datasets of population-level data: (1) research publications for CR and PR (data from the PubMed database); and (2) global need for CR and PR (data from the Global Burden of Disease study). RESULTS: The percentage of both CR and PR publications (among total rehabilitation research) significantly decreased from 1990 to 2017 (both: p < 0.01). PR needs and research publications were aligned: around 5% of total rehabilitation needs and rehabilitation research. For CR needs (around 2%, but significantly increasing since 1990), we found a greater portion of CR research publications (6.5% or over). Finally, we found an inverse association among the percentage of CR research publications and CR needs (b = -6.08; r2  = 0.37, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The portion of CR and PR research (among total rehabilitation research) is declining over time. Yearly percentage of CR publications were greater than those of PR but for lower level of rehabilitation need, but the disparate trend was significantly decreasing over time. Population rehabilitation needs and their alignment with research volume must be one factor in the design of population-centred, equitable health research priorities.

Impetrações judiciais de mães de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus zika: das motivações aos desfechos / Impetracciones judiciales de madres de personas menores con síndrome congénito del virus zika: De las motivaciones a los resultados / Judicial impetractions of mothers of children with congenital zika virus syndrome: From motivations to outcomes

Introdução: As famílias de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika (SCZ) convivem com dificuldades para suprir suas necessidades de saúde, portanto acionam o poder judiciário para gozar do seu direito à saúde. Objetivo: Apreender as principais motivações das impetrações judiciais requeridas por mães de crianças com SCZ e seus desfechos. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no sítio eletrônico JusBrasil e coleta procedida em março de 2020. Foram incluídas 15 impetrações judiciais publicadas entre janeiro de 2016 e junho de 2019. A análise lexical através do software IRaMuTeQ e a análise de conteúdo temática foram realizadas. Resultados: O acesso às tecnologias assistivas é a principal motivação para impetrações judiciais, com vistas a assegurar melhora no desenvolvimento da criança e consequente independência da criança. As decisões judiciais beneficiaram as crianças com SCZ, fundamentadas no direito à saúde, direito à vida e proteção, e o direito de ir e vir. Conclusão: Para mitigar os impactos da judicialização da saúde as autoridades sanitárias e judiciárias podem investir em melhor vigilância e monitoramento dos fatores de risco e morbidades; rigor nos protocolos sanitários que envolvem migração de pessoas em zonas fronteiriças; ofertas de condições ambientais e de moradia dignas; realização de cuidados preventivos com destaque para a eficiência da imunização; além da organização e funcionamento de uma rede de atenção à saúde eficaz com abordagem interdisciplinar.

Introducción: Las familias de personas menores con síndrome de zika congénito (SZC) viven con dificultades para satisfacer sus necesidades de salud, por lo que hacen un llamado al Poder Judicial para gozar de este derecho. Objetivo: Conocer las principales motivaciones de las demandas presentadas por madres de niños y niñas con SZC y sus desenlaces. Metodología: Estudio documental exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en el sitio web de JusBrasil y recogido en marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 15 juicios publicados entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2019 en JusBrasil. Se realizó el análisis léxico a través del software IRaMuTeQ y el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: El acceso a las tecnologías asistenciales es la principal motivación de las demandas, con el fin de asegurar la mejora en el desarrollo de la persona menor y su consecuente independencia. Las decisiones judiciales beneficiaron a niñas y niños con SZC, basadas en los derechos a la salud, a la vida y protección y a ir y venir. Conclusiones: Para mitigar los impactos de la judicialización en salud, las autoridades sanitarias y judiciales pueden invertir en una mejor vigilancia y seguimiento de los factores de riesgo y morbilidades, rigor en los protocolos sanitarios que implican la migración de personas en zonas fronterizas, ofrecer condiciones ambientales y habitacionales dignas, realizar cuidados preventivos, con énfasis en la eficiencia de la inmunización, además de la organización y operación de una red de atención de salud efectiva con enfoque interdisciplinario.

Introduction: Families of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CSZ) live with difficulties to meet their health needs; therefore, they resort to the law system in order claim their right to health. Objective: To apprehend the main motivations and outcomes of the lawsuits filed by mothers of children with CSZ. Methodology: Exploratory documentary study with a qualitative approach carried out on the JusBrasil website and collected in March 2020. The study included 15 lawsuits published between January 2016 and June 2019 in JusBrasil. A lexical analysis through the IRaMuTeQ software and a thematic content analysis were performed. Results: The access to assistive technologies is the main motivation for the lawsuits; these are issued with the objective to ensure improvement in the child's development and further independence of the child. Court decisions benefited children with CSZ based on the right to health, the right to life and protection, and the right to come and go. Conclusion: To mitigate the impacts of health judicialization, health and judicial authorities can invest in better surveillance and monitoring of the risk factors and morbidities, strictness in the health protocols that involve migration of people in border areas, offering of decent environmental and housing conditions, execution of preventive care with emphasis on the efficiency of immunization, as well as the organization and execution of an effective health care network with an interdisciplinary approach.