Early Candida colonisation impact on patients and healthcare professionals in an intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: Candida spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and invasive infections with nosocomial outbreaks without strict hygiene protocols. Herein, we assessed oral colonisation by Candida spp. in 209 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients between July 2021 and April 2022, conducting clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characterisation of those developing oral or invasive candidiasis. METHODS: Initial oral swabs were collected within 24 h of admission in the ICU, followed by collections on Days 2, 4, 6 and 8. Swabs from denture-wearing patients, abiotic surfaces, healthcare professionals' hands, and retroauricular regions were also obtained. Recovered yeasts and filamentous fungi were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and morphological characteristics, respectively. Genetic similarity of Candida spp. isolates was evaluated using Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and the antifungal susceptibility profile was determined by broth microdilution. RESULTS: In the study, 64.11% of patients were orally colonised by Candida spp. Of these, 80.59% were colonised within the first 24 h. Oral colonisation also occurred on subsequent days: 50%/Day 2, 26.92%/Day 4, and 11.53%/Days 6 and 8. Of the patients, 8.61% had oral candidiasis, mainly pseudomembranous. Among orally colonised patients, 2.23% developed invasive candidiasis. Besides, 89.47% of healthcare professionals evaluated were colonised. MALDI-TOF MS identified different yeast species, and C. albicans (45.34%), C. tropicalis (15.7%), and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (9.88%) were the most prevalent. AFLP analysis indicated a high genetic correlation (≥97%) between C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates from patients and professionals. Three resistant C. albicans isolates were also found. CONCLUSION: This study reported a diversity of yeast and filamentous fungi species in ICU patients and highlighted early Candida spp. colonisation risks for invasive candidiasis, as well as the potential horizontal transmission in the nosocomial setting, emphasising the need for effective infection control measures.

Frailty identification and management among Brazilian healthcare professionals: a survey.

BACKGROUND: National and international guidelines on frailty assessment and management recommend frailty screening in older people. This study aimed to determine how Brazilian healthcare professionals (HCPs) identify and manage frailty in practice. METHODS: An anonymous online survey on the assessment and management of frailty was circulated virtually through HCPs across Brazil. RESULTS: Most of the respondants used non-specific criteria such as gait speed (45%), handgrip strength (37.6%), and comprehensive geriatric assessment (33.2%). The use of frailty-specific criteria was lower than 50%. The most frequently used criteria were the Frailty Index (19.1%), Frailty Phenotype (13.2%), and FRAIL (12.5%). Only 43.5% felt confident, and 40% had a plan to manage frailty. In the multivariate-adjusted models, training was the most crucial factor associated with assessing frailty, confidence, and having a management plan (p < 0.001 for all). Those with fewer years of experience were more likely to evaluate frailty (p = 0.009). Being a doctor increased the chance of using a specific tool; the opposite was true for dietitians (p = 0.03). Those who assisted more older people had a higher likelihood of having a plan (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Frailty assessment was heterogeneous among healthcare professions groups, predominantly using non-specific criteria. Training contributed to frailty assessment, use of specific criteria, confidence, and having a management plan. This data informs the need for standardized screening criteria and management plans for frailty, in association with increasing training at the national level for all the HCPs who assist older people.

The impact of illegitimate tasks on burnout syndrome in a healthcare system: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Burnout syndrome, characterized by physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion due to continuous exposure to high-stress work conditions, has been increasingly recognized as a serious occupational phenomenon, especially amongst healthcare professionals. Recent studies indicate that illegitimate tasks-activities unrelated to one's role are a significant factor contributing to burnout. However, given the variability of work environments across regions, these findings may not apply universally. Objective: To investigate the behavior of the relationship between burnout and illegitimate tasks among healthcare professionals in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: We conducted a survey of 562 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and medical/nursing interns, employing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Bern Illegitimate Task Scale. Regression models were developed to predict burnout levels based on multiple factors, including demographic characteristics, professional roles, and perceptions of illegitimate tasks. Results: We revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between burnout and illegitimate tasks, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.320 to 0.588, with higher levels of illegitimate tasks leading to increased burnout. Interestingly, we also found that age and length of service were negatively correlated with burnout, suggesting that these factors may serve as protective elements against burnout. Conclusions: Illegitimate tasks had an impact on burnout amongst healthcare professionals and emphasized the need for organizational strategies aimed at better task management to mitigate burnout risk.

Virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility and molecular profile in Candida species isolated from the hands of health professionals before and after cleaning with 70% ethyl alcohol-based gel.

Fungal infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are mainly related to Candida species, with high mortality rates. They are predominantly of endogenous origin, however, cross-infection transmitted by healthcare professionals' hands has occurred. The aim of this study was to identify Candida species isolated from the hands of healthcare professionals in a NICU before and after hygiene with 70% ethanol-based gel and evaluate virulence factors DNase, phospholipase, proteinase, hemolysin, biofilm biomass production, and metabolic activity. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and similarity by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were also performed. C. parapsilosis complex was the most frequent species (57.1%); all isolates presented at least one virulence factor; three isolates (Candida parapsilosis complex) were resistant to amphotericin B, two (Candida famata [currently Debaryomyces hansenii] and Candida guilliermondii [currently Meyerozyma guilliermondii]) was resistant to micafungin, and six (Candida parapsilosis complex, Candida guilliermondii [=Meyerozyma guilliermondii], Candida viswanathi, Candida catenulata [currently Diutina catenulata] and Candida lusitaniae [currently Clavispora lusitaniae]) were resistant to fluconazole. Molecular analysis by RAPD revealed two clusters of identical strains that were in the hands of distinct professionals. Candida spp. were isolated even after hygiene with 70% ethanol-based gel, highlighting the importance of stricter basic measures for hospital infection control to prevent nosocomial transmission.

Revitalizing neurology practice: integrating health humanities, neurobiology, and digital innovation / Revitalizando a prática em neurologia: integrando as humanidades em saúde, neurobiologia e inovação digital

Rapid changes in medical education are being fueled by advancements in science, technology, and societal structures. However, the traditional medical curriculum often struggles to keep pace with the evolving demands of medical practice in light of these advancements. Neurology presents distinctive challenges in modern medicine, requiring innovative solutions to improve patient care and support the well-being of healthcare providers. This essay delves into the intricate issues encountered by neurologists, such as the diminishing interpersonal connections in the medical field and the prevalent issue of burnout among professionals, exacerbated by outdated educational programs. This research advocates for a comprehensive approach to enhancing neurology practice through the perspectives of Medical Humanities (MH) and neurobiology, within the evolving realm of Neurohumanities. By integrating stateof-the-art neurobiological findings, MH/Neurohumanities, and a focus on empathy, the article proposes practical strategies to rejuvenate clinical practice and bolster the resilience of neurology practitioners. Furthermore, it underscores the untapped potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning while examining how the digital ecosystem could revolutionize neurology medical education. Grounded in evidence-based research and practical insights, this article offers valuable guidance for navigating the complexities of contemporary neurology practice and cultivating a workforce of healthcare professionals who possess both technological acumen and compassion.

Mudanças rápidas na educação médica estão sendo impulsionadas pelos avanços na ciência, tecnologia e estruturas sociais. No entanto, o currículo médico tradicional frequentemente luta para acompanhar as exigências em constante evolução da prática médica diante desses avanços. A neurologia apresenta desafios distintos na medicina moderna, exigindo soluções inovadoras para melhorar o cuidado ao paciente e apoiar o bemestar dos profissionais de saúde. Este ensaio explora as questões complexas enfrentadas pelos neurologistas, como a diminuição das conexões interpessoais no campo médico e o problema prevalente do esgotamento entre os profissionais, exacerbado por programas educacionais desatualizados. Esta pesquisa defende uma abordagem abrangente para aprimorar a prática da neurologia por meio das perspectivas das Humanidades Médicas (HM) e da neurobiologia, dentro do campo em evolução das Neuro- Humanidades. Ao integrar descobertas neurobiológicas de ponta, HM/Neuro-Humanidades e um foco na empatia, o artigo propõe estratégias práticas para rejuvenescer a prática clínica e fortalecer a resiliência dos profissionais de neurologia. Além disso, destaca o potencial inexplorado da inteligência artificial e da aprendizagem de máquina ao examinar como o ecossistema digital poderia revolucionar a educação médica em neurologia. Fundamentado em pesquisas baseadas em evidências e insights práticos, este artigo oferece orientações valiosas para navegar pelas complexidades da prática contemporânea da neurologia e cultivar uma força de trabalho de profissionais de saúde que possuam tanto acuidade tecnológica quanto compaixão.

Attention Deficits in Healthcare Workers with Non-Clinical Burnout: An Exploratory Investigation.

Burnout syndrome is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced effectiveness. Workers with high burnout scores who continue their professional activities are identified as experiencing non-clinical burnout (NCB), which includes early stages where burnout symptoms (BNS) are present but not yet severe enough to necessitate work leave. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BNS on attention performance among healthcare workers (HCWs) at a COVID-19 reference hospital during the pandemic. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied to assess the three burnout dimensions. The Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT) evaluated four different attention subdomains. Participants were divided into two groups based on their scores on the MBI: controls and NCB. Thirteen controls were matched with 13 NCB subjects based on age, sex, and HCW category. This sample (n = 26, 65% male) consisted of 11 physicians and 15 nursing professionals with a mean age of 35.3 years (standard deviation = 5.47). NCB subjects had higher impulsivity than controls. There were not any significant group differences in the other attention subdomains. We found significant correlations between impulsivity and all burnout dimensions: higher absolute scores in BNS are associated with higher impulsivity. We concluded that NCB leads to executive attention deficits.

Repercussões na saúde mental de profissionais da saúde de um hospital público do Recife durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Repercussions on the mental health of health professionals at a public hospital in Recife during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência a pacientes com COVID-19 em um hospital público de Recife. Método: estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário online contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao trabalho e instrumento escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Realizadas análises descritivas das variáveis independentes e análise bivariada usando regressão linear da relação entre a variável dependente e das variáveis independentes. Resultados: 77 profissionais responderam ao questionário. A fisioterapia foi a categoria profissional associada à ansiedade, e o setor de atuação no COVID- 19 e o tempo de exercício foram associados à depressão. Conclusão: são imprescindíveis as ações de promoção da saúde mental desses profissionais, considerando, principalmente, os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19.

Aim: This article aimed to analyze factors associated with anxiety and depression in health professionals who provide care to patients with COVID-19 in Recife public hospital. Method: cross-sectional study, with the application of an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic and work-related variables and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale instrument. Descriptive analyses of the independent variables and bivariate analysis were performed using linear regression of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Results: 77 professionals answered the questionnaire. Physiotherapy was the professional category associated with anxiety, and the sector of activity in COVID-19 and exercise time were associated with depression. Conclusion: actions to promote the mental health of these professionals are essential, mainly considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Respiratory virus detection among healthcare professionals in Brazil: work-related contact and episode recurrence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the circulation of respiratory viruses have been observed after measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were implemented. In this sense, we aimed to understand the circulation of the respiratory virus and its impact in a controlled healthy population of healthcare professional (HCP) volunteers in phase III of the clinical trial of the ChadOx nCoV1 conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: This was a nested observational cohort study within a clinical trial. METHODS: We performed RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronaviruses (hCoVs: HKU-1, NL63, OC43, and 229-E), parainfluenza virus (PiV) I-IV, and q-PCR for adenovirus in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples obtained from HCP enrolled in the clinical trial to assess respiratory viruses infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated. RESULTS: From July 2020 to January 2022, 876 samples were included from 737 volunteers (median age: 33 years, 62.9% female). New episodes were registered for 119 individuals. We observed an overall positivity of 37.7% for SARS-CoV-2 and 16.4% for other respiratory viruses; HRV was the second most detected virus (8%), followed by RSV (2.4%). Fully vaccinated individuals accounted for 53.3% of collected samples, and 52.9% presented at least one respiratory virus infection, with SARS-CoV-2 being the most predominant etiologic agent (62.3%). Influenza and hMPV were not detected among the tested samples. Among the subjects that presented more than one episode, SARS-CoV-2 and HRV infections were related to direct contact with patients (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Data show high infection rates among HCPs even under mask policies and contact precautions, highlighting the need for improvement in infection control measures in this population regardless of the vaccination program.

Planejamento e avaliação de oficina educativa na formação continuada dos profissionais de saúde que atuam com usuários em tratamento da hanseníase / Planning and evaluation of educational workshop in the ongoing training of health professionals working with patients undergoing lepra treatment

Este estudo buscou avaliar a ocorrência de repertórios de ensino na formação profissional de pesquisadores que atuam na hanseníase, bem como estimular evidências de aprendizagem com enfermeiras que participaram de uma oficina educativa, baseada em condições de ensino planejadas. Participaram 15 enfermeiras de uma instituição pública de saúde que participaram de uma oficina educativa, com o desenvolvimento das seguintes atividades: 1) Aplicação do Pré-Teste para avaliar o conhecimento sobre o tratamento; 2) Discussão de condutas adotadas no cotidiano profissional, utilizando três relatos de caso; 3) Entrega e leitura de uma cartilha educativa sobre o tratamento da hanseníase; 4) Discussão geral para avaliar se as condutas adotadas correspondiam às recomendações descritas na cartilha; 5) Aplicação do Pós-teste para avaliar a média percentual do conhecimento antes e após à oficina. Os repertórios dos profissionais que executaram as oficinas consistiram em induzir a participação das enfermeiras a responderem e formularem perguntas e estimular o grupo a identificar na cartilha condutas adequadas para o tratamento da hanseníase. As enfermeiras apresentaram evidências de aprendizagem ao admitirem verbalmente a aquisição de conhecimentos, principalmente sobre a dose supervisionada, o tratamento na gravidez, a amamentação e a proibição de bebida alcoólica. Verificou-se aumento percentual relevante das respostas obtidas no pós-teste, principalmente quanto à "saúde da mulher" (49%), "informações gerais" (21,6%) e "utilização dos remédios" (11,4%). Foram constatados repertórios de ensino na forma de atuação dos pesquisadores e evidências de aprendizagem das enfermeiras, coerentes com as condições de ensino planejadas, sustentadas pelos conceitos da análise do comportamento.

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of teaching repertoires in the professional training of researchers working in leprosy, as well as to stimulate evidence of learning with nurses who participated in an educational workshop based on planned teaching conditions. Fifteen nurses from a public health institution participated in the workshop, engaging in the following activities: 1) Pre-test application to assess knowledge about treatment; 2) Discussion of daily professional practices using three case reports; 3) Delivery and reading of an educational booklet on leprosy treatment; 4) General discussion to assess whether the practices adopted corresponded to the recommendations described in the booklet; 5) Post-test application to evaluate the percentage average of knowledge before and after the workshop. The teaching repertoires of the professionals conducting the workshops included inducing nurse participation in answering and formulating questions and encouraging the group to identify appropriate leprosy treatment practices in the booklet. Nurses demonstrated evidence of learning by verbally acknowledging knowledge acquisition, particularly regarding supervised dosage, treatment during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the prohibition of alcohol consumption. A significant percentage increase in post-test responses was observed, especially in "women's health" (49%), "general information" (21.6%), and "medication usage" (11.4%). Teaching repertoires in the researchers' actions and evidence of nurses' learning were consistent with the planned teaching conditions, supported by behavior analysis concepts.

O Impacto da Histerectomia e a Participação dos Profissionais de Saúde Durante o Processo Cirúrgico / The Impact of Hysterectomy and the Involvement of Healthcare Professionals During the Surgical Process / El impacto de la histerectomía y la participación de los profesionales de la salud durante el proceso quirúrgico

Objetivo:descrever a o impacto da histerectomia e a participação dos profissionais de saúde durante o processo cirúrgico. O problema de pesquisa parte do seguinte questionamento: que impacto tem a histerectomia na vida da mulher em idade reprodutiva? Que participação tem os profissionais de saúde no processo cirúrgico? Método: Estudo de natureza descritiva com abordagem qualitativa conforme os pressupostos de Minayo (2009) com método de pesquisa exploratória. Resultados:Foram entrevistadas 7 mulheres que foram submetidas a histerectomia, com idade acima de 18 anos, que responderam perguntas referentes ao impacto do diagnóstico, conhecimento sobre a cirugia e experiências sobre o acolhimento dos profissionais da saúde no processo cirúrgico. A entrevista foi realizada em ambiente virtual na plataforma Google Forms. Conclusão: As entrevistadas revelaram sentimentos de angústia e medo ao se depararem com o diagnóstico cirúrgico por ausência de conhecimento inicialmente, evidenciando insatisfação e ausência dos profissionais da saúde quanto à cirurgia. O estudo reforça a importância das equipes multidisciplinares em hospitais e/ou locais de cuidados de saúde, uma vez que o foco principal no trabalho com pessoas acometidas por uma enfermidade não é a doença em si, mas elas mesmas.

Objective: to describe the impact of hysterectomy and the involvement of healthcare professionals during the surgical process. The research problem originates from the following questions: What impact does hysterectomy have on the life of a woman of reproductive age?What role do healthcare professionals play in the surgical process? Method:A descriptive study with a qualitative approach according to Minayo's (2009) assumptions using an exploratory research method. Results:Seven women who underwent hysterectomy, aged over 18 years, were interviewed. They answered questions regarding the impact of the diagnosis, knowledge about the surgery, and experiences of healthcare professionals' support during the surgical process. The interviews were conducted in a virtual environment using the Google Forms platform. Conclusion:The interviewees revealed feelings of anguish and fear when faced with the surgical diagnosis due to initial lack of knowledge, showing dissatisfaction and absence of healthcare professionals regarding the surgery. The study reinforces the importance of multidisciplinary teams in hospitals and/or healthcare facilities, as the main focus in working with people affected by an illness is not the disease itself, but the individuals themselves

Objetivo: describir el impacto de la histerectomía y la participación de los profesionales de la salud durante el proceso quirúrgico. El problema de investigación se basa en la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué impacto tiene la histerectomía en la vida de las mujeres en edadreproductiva? ¿Qué papel juegan los profesionales de la salud en el proceso quirúrgico? Método:Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo según los supuestos de Minayo (2009) con un método de investigación exploratorio. Resultados:Se entrevistó a 7 mujeres mayores de 18 años sometidas a histerectomía, quienes respondieron preguntassobre el impacto del diagnóstico, conocimientos sobre cirugía y experiencias sobre la recepción de profesionales de la salud en el proceso quirúrgico. La entrevista se realizó en un entorno virtual en la plataforma Google Forms. Conclusión:Los entrevistados revelaron sentimientos de angustia y miedo frente al diagnóstico quirúrgico debido a la falta de conocimiento inicial, evidenciando insatisfacción y ausencia de profesionales de la salud con respecto a la cirugía. El estudio refuerza la importancia de los equipos multidisciplinarios en los hospitales y/o en los entornos sanitarios, ya que el foco principal en el trabajo con personas afectadas por una enfermedad no es la enfermedad en sí, sino ellos mismos.

Healthcare professionals and commercial milk formula recommendations in the urban Mexican context.

Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered an essential component of optimal care for child health and development. In the past two decades, global data have shown improvements in some, but not all, BF indicators. Despite these positive changes sales and per capita intake of commercial milk formula (CMF) have increased globally. The CMF industry invests millions of dollars in marketing, which targets families and healthcare professionals (HCP). In Mexico, more than half of the mothers (53%) who feed their infants with CMF chose their Brand on the recommendation of HCP. Understanding the reasons behind the current recommendations for the use of CMF by HCP is important for the design of BF interventions. The primary objective of this study was to explore Mexican HCP' beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and practices about early infant feeding practices, and reasons for recommending CMF. The secondary objective was to explore pregnant women and mother's perceptions of the infant feeding recommendations they received from HCP, and of the factors that influenced their infant feeding decisions. Methods: The study was based on a secondary qualitative data analysis of a WHO/UNICEF multi-country study. We analyzed focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) from Mexico. Data were collected through convenience sampling in Mexico City and Guadalajara. HCP (n = 34) analysis was based on IDIs, and pregnant women or mothers of children 0-18 months (n = 74) on FGDs and IDIs. Results: Through a thematic analysis, we identified the socioecology of BF and triangulated HCP and women's accounts. HCP, pregnant women, and mothers recognized that several factors might have influenced their infant feeding decisions including healthcare facilities' policies and maternal work conditions. Although HCP believed that BF is the best way to feed newborns and young children, they routinely recommended CMF. On the other hand, pregnant women and mothers had a strong belief that BF is the best way to feed their babies. However, when women sought support from HCP, the latter often recommended switching to CMF. Discussion: This study highlights the discordance between HCP perceptions and mothers' experiences of HCP recommendations about infant feeding. Our findings support a national call for policy actions.

Prevention of drug diversion and substance use disorders among anesthesiologists: a narrative review

Abstract Diversion of substances from the care of the intended patient is a significant problem in healthcare. Patients are harmed by the undertreatment of pain and suffering, transmission of disease, as well as the risk associated with impaired vigilance. Healthcare providers may be harmed by the physical and mental impact of their addictions. Healthcare systems are placed in jeopardy by the legal impact associated with illegal routes of drug release including sanction and financial liability and loss of public trust. Healthcare institutions have implemented many measures to reduce diversion from the perioperative area. These efforts include education, medical record surveillance, automated medication dispensing systems, urine drug testing, substance waste management systems, and drug diversion prevention teams. This narrative review evaluates strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness of these systems and provides recommendations for leaders and care providers.

Adaptation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP BR) in the context of palliative care.

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Moral Distress for Health Care Professionals (MMD-HP) scale corresponds to the update of the globally recognized Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R). Its purpose is to measure moral distress, which is a type of suffering caused in a professional prevented from acting according to one's moral convictions due to external or internal barriers. Thus, this study has the objective to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Brazilian version of the MMD-HP BR in the context of Palliative Care (PC). METHODS: The study had the following steps: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation. The MMD-HP BR is composed of 27 Likert-rated items for frequency and intensity of moral distress. In total, 332 health professionals who work in PC participated in the study, 10 in the pre-test stage, and 322 in the validation stage. RESULTS: It was possible to identify six factors, which together explain 64.75% of the model variation. The reliability of Cronbach's alpha was 0.942. In addition, the score was higher in those who are considering or have already left their positions due to moral distress, compared to those who do not or have never had such an intention. CONCLUSIONS: MMD-HP BR is a reliable and valid instrument to assess moral distress in the PC context. It is suggested that the scale be standardized in other healthcare contexts, such as clinical settings. In addition, further research on moral distress is encouraged to identify and reduce the phenomenon and its consequences.

Condições de trabalho e biossegurança dos profissionais de saúde e trabalhadores invisíveis da saúde no contexto da COVID-19 no Brasil / Work conditions and biosafety of health professionals and invisible health workers in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil

Resumo O artigo versa sobre as condições de trabalho na saúde no contexto da pandemia no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados de recorte das pesquisas "Condições de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde no contexto da Covid-19 no Brasil" e "Os Trabalhadores invisíveis da saúde: condições de trabalho e saúde mental no contexto da Covid-19 no Brasil", objetivando conhecer as condições de trabalho e a biossegurança desses dois contingentes profissionais distintos e desiguais, socialmente. A análise dos dados comprova que as condições de trabalho foram extremamente afetas em função da infraestrutura inadequada, trabalho extenuante, biossegurança em risco, exaustão, medo da contaminação e da morte, fortes sinais de esgotamento físico e mental entre os trabalhadores. Aponta também para discriminação e desigualdades de direitos sociais e de valorização profissional que demarcam os mundos do trabalho apontados nas pesquisas, enfatizando as profundas desigualdades existentes no Brasil e em suas regiões. Conclui-se mostrando a importância de formulação de políticas públicas no âmbito da gestão do trabalho no SUS que assegurem a proteção, valorização e redução das desigualdades apontadas no artigo.

Abstract The present article addresses the work conditions in health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the surveys "Working conditions of healthcare professionals in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil" and "Invisible healthcare workers: work conditions and mental health in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil", seeking to better understand the working conditions and biosafety of these two distinct and socially unequal professional contingents. Data analysis proves that work conditions were extremely affected due to inadequate infrastructures, strenuous work, biosecurity at risk, exhaustion, fear of contamination and death, strong signs of physical and mental exhaustion, among workers. It also points out the discrimination and inequalities of social rights and professional development that mark the worlds of work highlighted in the surveys, emphasizing the profound inequalities that exist in Brazil and in its regions. It concludes by showing the importance of formulating public policies within the scope of work management in SUS, which ensures the protection, appreciation and reduction of inequalities pointed out in this article.

SARS CoV-2 infection among Healthcare Workers from different public health units in Brazil.

Understanding COVID-19 exposure differences among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) across various healthcare units is crucial for their protection and effective management of future outbreaks. However, comparative data on COVID-19 among HCWs in different healthcare units are scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and workplaces in HCWs from three distinct healthcare settings in Brazil. It also examined COVID-19 symptom dynamics reported by them. The cohort comprised 464 HCWs vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac and a BNT162b2 booster from different institutions: Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs), Emergency Care Units (ECUs), and Hospitals. Participants answered a questionnaire and underwent blood collection at various time points after vaccinations. RT-PCR data and post-vaccination antibody responses were utilized as indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that most infected HCWs worked in ECUs, where positive RT-PCR percentages were higher compared to PHCUs and Hospitals. ECUs also showed the highest seropositivity and antibody levels, especially after the first CoronaVac dose. The second dose of CoronaVac diminished the differences in the antibody levels among HCWs from ECUS, PHCUs, and Hospitals, indicating the benefit of the second dose to equalize the antibody levels between previously exposed and unexposed persons. Moreover, COVID-19 symptoms appeared to evolve over time.

Pertussis antibodies and vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals in Brazil is inadequate: A cross-sectional serological study.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination coverage of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is below 40%, but this data is not available for Brazil. We hypothesize that a high number of HCPs are not immune to pertussis in Brazil. Main objective was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG) among HCPs. Secondary objectives were to evaluate Tdap vaccination coverage, to assess predictive factors associated with anti-PT IgG, and to estimate the decay of anti-PT IgG and time to Tdap vaccination. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional serological study in 352 HCPs who worked at São Paulo Hospital - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) in 2020, approved by UNIFESP Ethics Committee. Data collected included sociodemographics, knowledge about Tdap, and vaccination status. Anti-PT IgG were quantified by ELISA: <10 IU/mL seronegative and ≥ 10-1000 IU/mL seropositive. Titers ≥ 10-50 IU/mL were classified low positivity, indicating no recent B. pertussis infection or Tdap vaccination; >50 IU/mL high positivity, indicating recent B. pertussis infection or Tdap vaccination, and > 100 IU/mL as acute B. pertussis infection or Tdap vaccination in the previous year. Comparisons were done by Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression, and Pearsons correlation, at 5% p-level. RESULTS: 331/352 HCPs were not aware the Brazilian National Immunization Program recommends Tdap for all HCPs and pregnant women. 68/339 HCPs received Tdap (mean 3.1 ± 2.0 years). 55/352 were seronegative for pertussis, all unvaccinated. 56/271 with no history of Tdap vaccination had high positivity. The probability of anti-PT IgG > 50 IU/mL was 11.5 times higher in Tdap vaccinated HCPs than in non-vaccinated (p < 0.001). There was a weak but significant correlation between anti-PT IgG and interval of Tdap vaccination (r = 0.404; p = 0.001). Anti-PT IgG dropped 5 IU/mL/year (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Better education of HCPs on needs and benefits of Tdap vaccination is critical. Goals must be to improve HCPs vaccination coverage.

From Acute Phase to Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Employees at a Pediatric Hospital.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Brazil on 26 February 2020. By 6 May 2023, 37.4 million cases had been confirmed, causing 701 thousand deaths in the country. We aimed to describe the epidemiological profile and clinical development of COVID-19 cases among the employees of a health institution, from acute infection to long COVID. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study using a retrospective and prospective approach via questionnaires referring to epidemiological investigation, which was the inclusion criteria, and about long-term symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 809 employees were detected with SARS-CoV-2 infection via RT-PCR, 466 of them answered the epidemiological investigation, and 101 completed the Long COVID Symptom Questionnaire. The most commonly affected employees were women (88.6%) working in patient care (68.6%). Headache, myalgia, cough, odynophagia, and runny nose were the most frequent symptoms. Only three employees (0.6%) required hospitalization, while the other employees required outpatient management due to mild symptoms. We identified 19 (4.1%) cases of reinfection, and 42 (41.6%) employees reported long-term symptoms, such as myalgia, dyspnea, and headache. CONCLUSIONS: Although most cases were mild with good outcomes, long COVID cases identified are noteworthy, as these symptoms may impact quality of life even months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prevention of drug diversion and substance use disorders among anesthesiologists: a narrative review.

Diversion of substances from the care of the intended patient is a significant problem in healthcare. Patients are harmed by the undertreatment of pain and suffering, transmission of disease, as well as the risk associated with impaired vigilance. Healthcare providers may be harmed by the physical and mental impact of their addictions. Healthcare systems are placed in jeopardy by the legal impact associated with illegal routes of drug release including sanction and financial liability and loss of public trust. Healthcare institutions have implemented many measures to reduce diversion from the perioperative area. These efforts include education, medical record surveillance, automated medication dispensing systems, urine drug testing, substance waste management systems, and drug diversion prevention teams. This narrative review evaluates strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness of these systems and provides recommendations for leaders and care providers.

[Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health Workers During the Second Year of the Pandemic in Latin America: Cross-Sectional Survey Study]. / Impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en los trabajadores sanitarios durante el segundo año de pandemia en Latinoamérica: estudio de encuesta transversal.

Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic continues to affect the mental health of healthcare personnel in Latin America (LA). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of psychological disturbances and associated risk factors for mental health in healthcare personnel in LA during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This multicenter cross-sectional study included a total sample of 5437 healthcare professionals from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and a brief demographic questionnaire were used. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was estimated based on the cut-off points of the instruments. Two multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Results: A population burden of anxiety (40.1%) and depression (62.2%) was found in healthcare personnel in LA. Among professionals in Argentina (OR = 1.374; P<.001), those working in state hospitals (OR = 1.536; P<.003), frontline healthcare workers for COVID patients (OR = 1.848; P<.001), general practitioners (OR = 1.335; P<.001), and specialists (OR = 1.298; P<.001), a higher risk of experiencing mental disorders was observed. Among women, younger personnel, and administrative staff, a higher probability of experiencing anxiety and depression was identified. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders on healthcare personnel in Latin America is alarming. Psychological support services are necessary, aimed at providing measures for professionals to develop healthy coping mechanisms that mitigate the impact of the pandemic on their well-being and facilitate post-crisis adjustment.