Parental Consanguinity and Risk for Childhood Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Genetic causes are responsible for half of the cases of hearing loss, most of them being the result of non-syndromic genetic changes resulting from autosomal recessive inheritance. Parental consanguinity might be an indicator to consider in the diagnosis of these cases. The aim of this study was to assess its importance as a risk factor for childhood hearing loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study conducted in a district hospital, between 2014 and 2018. We included all live births born during this period and excluded those with risk factors for childhood hearing loss other than parental consanguinity and those without hearing screening. We formed two study groups: newborns with parental consanguinity and newborns without risk factors. All the participants underwent hearing screening with the primary outcome of this study being the result of the screening. Those with a not normal result or with parental consanguinity also underwent diagnostic audiological evaluation. RESULTS: Among 8513 live births, we studied 96 newborns with first-degree parental consanguinity and 96 newborns without risk factors. We found a statistically significant difference (p = 0.007) between the groups, with a 'refer' screening result rate of 24% in the group with parental consanguinity and 9.4% in the group without risk factors. We diagnosed one case of sensorineural hearing loss and another of mixed hearing loss in the first group and none of these cases in the second. CONCLUSION: Parental consanguinity was associated with a higher risk of a refer screening result in newborns, which suggests the need to consider this as a risk factor for childhood hearing loss.

Serous otitis media: Clinical and therapeutic considerations, including dexamethasone (C22H29FO5) intratympanic injection.

Serous otitis media (SOM) occurs in children and constitutes one of the most significant causes of hearing loss in young age, posing as an important risk factor for long-term hearing loss. SOM is underdiagnosed, most frequently in infants, or the appointment to the ENT doctor is delayed due to non-acute symptomatology. The aim of the present study was to assess 285 patients with SOM diagnosed within a two-year span. The etiology and pathology of hearing loss in patients with different age groups were examined. The importance of a clinical examination and tympanometry was emphasized as absolutely necessary for a correct diagnosis. Treatment targeted Eustachian Tube permeabilization for satisfactory long-term middle ear aeration. Nasal drops with vasoconstrictor drugs (phenylephrine) and disinfectant (colloidal silver 1%) were commonly used, but some patients also benefitted from dexamethasone intratympanic injection. Patients were evaluated at the end of the treatment and follow-up occurred at one month, one year and three years later.

Audiological findings in aphasic patients after stroke / Achados audiológicos em pacientes afásicos após acidente vascular encefálico

Objective To outline the audiological findings of aphasic patients after cerebrovascular accidents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed between March 2011 and August 2012 in the Speech, Language, and Hearing Pathology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A total of 43 aphasic subjects (27 men) were referred for audiological evaluation after stroke, with mean age of 54.48 years. Basic audiological evaluation tests were performed, including pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry (speech recognition threshold and word recognition score), immittance measures (tympanometry and contralateral acoustic reflex), and transient otoacoustic emissions. Results Sensorineural hearing loss was prevalent (78.6%). Speech recognition threshold and word recognition score were not obtained in some patients because they were unable to perform the task. Hearing loss was a common finding in this population. Conclusion Comprehension and/or oral emission disruptions in aphasic patients after stroke compromised conventional speech audiometry, resulting in the need for changes in the evaluation procedures for these patients. .

Objetivo Avaliar os achados audiológicos em pacientes afásicos após acidente vascular encefálico. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado entre março de 2011 e agosto de 2012 no Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo 43 pacientes afásicos (27 homens) após acidente vascular encefálico, com média de idade de 54,48 anos. Foram realizados testes que compõem a bateria da avaliação audiológica básica: audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria (limiar de reconhecimento de fala e índice percentual de reconhecimento de fala), medidas de imitância acústica (timpanometria e pesquisa do reflexo acústico contralateral) e emissões otoacústicas transitórias. Resultados A perda auditiva neurossensorial foi prevalente (78,6%). Não foi possível obter o limiar de reconhecimento de fala e o índice percentual de reconhecimento de fala em todos os pacientes, pois alguns eram incapazes de realizar a tarefa. A perda auditiva foi um achado comum nessa população. Conclusão As alterações de compreensão e/ou emissão oral apresentadas por estes pacientes afetaram a logoaudiometria convencional e apontam para a necessidade de uso de outros procedimentos de avaliação nessa população. .

Efeitos auditivos em operadores de empilhadeira / Auditory effects in forklift operators

OBJETIVO: Conhecer os efeitos, para a audição, da exposição combinada ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído em um grupo de operadores de empilhadeira. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se audiometria convencional em grupo controle exposto apenas ao ruído (Grupo 1) e um grupo de funcionários expostos ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído (Grupo 2). RESULTADOS: Observou-se um caso sugestivo de perda auditiva induzida por ruído para o grupo exposto somente ao ruído (Group 1), e cinco casos para o grupo exposto ao monóxido de carbono e ruído (Group 2). A ocorrência de mudança significativa de limiar também foi maior no Grupo 2. Observaram-se diferenças nos limiares auditivos da orelha esquerda nas frequências de 1 kHz e 8 kHz no Grupo 2, comparativamente ao Grupo 1. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram efeitos auditivos significativos causados pela exposição combinada ao monóxido de carbono e ao ruído em operadores de empilhadeira, em comparação ao grupo exposto somente ao ruído. Conclui-se que é imprescindível a realização dos monitoramentos ambiental, biológico e auditivo nos operadores de empilhadeira, independentemente do nível de ruído ao qual se encontram expostos.

PURPOSE: To get to know the effects of the combined exposure to carbon monoxide and noise on hearing, in a group of forklift operators. METHODS: A pure tone audiometry was carried out in a control group exposed only to noise (Group 1), and a group of employees exposed to both carbon monoxide and noise (Group 2). RESULTS: A single case of noise-induced hearing loss was observed in the group exposed to noise (Group 1), and five cases were observed in the group exposed to both carbon monoxide and noise (Group 2). The occurrence of significant threshold change was also higher in Group 2. There was a difference between the auditory thresholds in 1 and 8 kHz of the left ear in Group 2, when compared to Group 1. CONCLUSION: Results showed significant auditory effects caused by the combined exposure of forklift operators to carbon monoxide and noise, when compared to the group exposed only to noise. Thus, environmental, biological, and auditory monitoring of forklift operators is indispensable, regardless the level of noise to which they are exposed.

Doenças infecciosas e perda auditiva / Infectious diseases and hearing loss

A perda auditiva pode ocorrer por causa genética, congênita ou adquirida. Os agentes infecciosos são os fatores etiológicos mais comuns de perdas auditivas congênitas ou adquiridas. O déficit auditivo pode ser decorrente de dano na orelha externa e média, causando perda auditiva condutiva leve/moderada, ou da orelha interna, causando perda auditiva neurossensorial moderada/profunda. Infecção da orelha interna durante a gestação por toxoplasmose, rubéola, sífilis, citomegalovírus e herpes são as causas mais frequentes de surdez congênita. Em relação ao lactente e pré-escolar, a surdez profunda pode ser uma complicação de meningite. Na infância, as infecções bacterianas da orelha média são responsáveis pela maioria das perdas auditivas leves. Contudo, há interferência no desenvolvimento normal da fala mesmo com perda auditiva leve. Infecções virais que merecem destaque na infância e na fase adulta por estarem associadas a dano na orelha interna com perda auditiva moderada/profunda são aquelas causadas por herpes simples, varicela-zoster, enterovírus, Episten-Barr, influenza, paramixovírus e HIV. Pacientes com perda auditiva devem receber avaliação e acompanhamento audiológico para diagnóstico e tratamento adequados. Na infância, o tratamento precoce de qualquer perda auditiva pode estar associado a desfechos mais abrangentes, como a qualidade da fala adquirida.

Hearing loss can occur due to genetic, congenital or acquired causes. The Infectious agents are the most common etiologic factors of congenital or acquired hearing loss. The hearing loss can result from damage to the external and middle ear, causing mild or moderate conductive hearing loss, or to the inner ear, causing moderate/deep neurosensory hearing loss. Inner ear infection during pregnancy for toxoplasmosis, rubella, syphilis, cytomegalovirus and herpes are the most common causes for congenital deafness. In relation to the infant and preschool children, the profound deafness can be a complication of meningitis. In childhood, bacterial infections of the middle ear are responsible for most of the mild hearing loss. However, there is interference in the regular development of speech even with mild hearing loss. Viral infections in childhood and adulthood that are worth mentioning, as they are associated to the inner ear damage with moderate/deep hearing loss, are those caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, enterovirus, Episten-Barr, influenza, paramyxovirus and HIV. Patients with hearing loss should receive audiologic evaluation and monitoring for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In childhood early treatment of any hearing loss may be linked to broader outcomes such as quality of acquired speech.

An Etiological Study on Hearing Loss of 813 Deaf Students in Hubei Province / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective In order to study the etiology and the hearing status of the deaf students in Hubei province, a survey was carried out from April 1999 to June 2000.Methods A total number of 813 deaf students in Hubei province were examined with audiometer and investigated through questionnaire. The pedigress analysis was conducted in deaf students with family history.Results The pedigrees of 227 familes with deafness were obtained, the inheritance pattern of 167 families could be ascertained. 232(28.5%) deaf students were diagnosed congenital deafness, 581 (71.5%) students were diagnosed acquired deafness. The degrees of deafness could be ascertained with 359(44.1%) students of profound deafness, 323(39.7%) students of severe deafness, 111(13.7%) students with moderate to severe deafness, 11(1.4%) students of moderate deafness, and 9(1.1%) students of mild deafness.Conclusion The hearing loss of deaf students is very serious, and genetic factor and ototoxic antibiotics were a principal causation in the occurrence of deafness.