Predicting wheat yield from 2001 to 2020 in Hebei Province at county and pixel levels based on synthesized time series images of Landsat and MODIS.

To obtain seasonable and precise crop yield information with fine resolution is very important for ensuring the food security. However, the quantity and quality of available images and the selection of prediction variables often limit the performance of yield prediction. In our study, the synthesized images of Landsat and MODIS were used to provide remote sensing (RS) variables, which can fill the missing values of Landsat images well and cover the study area completely. The deep learning (DL) was used to combine different vegetation index (VI) with climate data to build wheat yield prediction model in Hebei Province (HB). The results showed that kernel NDVI (kNDVI) and near-infrared reflectance (NIRv) slightly outperform normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in yield prediction. And the regression algorithm had a more prominent effect on yield prediction, while the yield prediction model using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) outperformed the yield prediction model using Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM). The model combining LSTM algorithm and NIRv had the best prediction effect and relatively stable performance in single year. The optimal model was then used to generate 30 m resolution wheat yield maps in the past 20 years, with higher overall accuracy. In addition, we can define the optimum prediction time at April, which can consider simultaneously the performance and lead time. In general, we expect that this prediction model can provide important information to understand and ensure food security.

Epidemiological Characterisation of Chronic Diseases Among Civil Servants in Hebei Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Real-World Study of Approximately 50,000 Adults.

Background: The objective of this investigation was to explore the health status and epidemiological features of civil servants working in Hebei Province, China. Methods: Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey that involved 50,039 adult civil servants in Hebei Province. The research was conducted at the Hebei Provincial Medical Examination Centre and included inquiries about demographics, health behaviours, chronic illnesses, and abnormal check-up indicators. Statistical data were used to determine the prevalence of chronic diseases and abnormal health examination indicators. Subgroup analyses by sex were then conducted to calculate the similarities and differences in health status between men and women. Results: The findings of the survey indicate that 14.2% of individuals who work in civil service suffer from obesity. Additionally, a considerable proportion of this group display poor health behaviours, including smoking and alcohol consumption. Hypertension (21.03%), dyslipidaemia (10.88%), and diabetes mellitus (8.56%) were identified as the top three chronic diseases, while cardiovascular diseases were prevalent at 6.27% among civil servants. Ultrasound showed a high prevalence of fatty liver, non-smooth gallbladder and liver cysts (44.61%, 33.24% and 23.26% respectively). The occurrence of pulmonary nodules was alarmingly high at 88.48%, while thyroid nodules were found in as much as 62.65% of patients. Abnormal E/A values≤1, prostate hyperplasia, breast nodules, and carotid plaques were also prevalent, with percentages ranging from 46.76% to 63.04%. In subgroup analyses by gender, the prevalence of chronic diseases and abnormal screening indicators was consistently higher in men than in women, with the exception of thyroid nodules and thyroid surgery. Conclusion: The survey revealed a large proportion of civil servants in Hebei Province, China, suffering from chronic diseases, underscoring the necessity for enhanced attention to chronic disease prevention and management in this group and emphasising the requirement for focused interventions aimed at improving health outcomes.

Discovery and vertical transmission analysis of Dabieshan Tick Virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from Chengde, China.

Introduction: Ticks are important blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens, posing significant threats to the wellbeing of humans and livestock. Dabieshan tick virus (DBTV) was initially discovered in 2015 in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from the Dabieshan mountain region in Hubei Province, China. In recent years, DBTV has been discovered in various regions of China, including Shandong, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces. However, the researches on tick-borne transmission of DBTV are scarce. Methods: This study utilized the small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) method to identify tick-associated viruses in ticks collected from Chengde in Hebei Province and Yongcheng in Henan Province, leading to the discovery of a new DBTV strain in Hebei. The complete coding genome of DBTV Hebei strain was obtained through RNA-seq and Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the transmission experiment of DBTV in H. longicornis was examined in laboratory for the first time. Results: DBTV was detected in newly molted adult H. longicornis ticks collected in Chengde, Hebei Province. Additionally, DBTV was also detected in both unfed nymphs and engorged females of H. longicornis collected from Chengde, with a positive rate of 20% and 56.25%, respectively. The complete coding genome of DBTV (OP682840 and OP716696) were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DBTV Hebei strain clustered with previously reported DBTV strains. Furthermore, this virus was observed in engorged females, eggs, and larvae of the subsequent generation. Discussion: It is necessary to expand the scope of DBTV investigation, particularly in northern China. This study demonstrated that DBTV can be transmitted from engorged females to larvae of the next generation. Moreover, the detection of DBTV in unfed nymphs and adults (which moulted from engorged nymphs) collected from the filed of Chengde suggests that H. longicornis serves as a potential transmission host and reservoir for DBTV through transstadial and transovarial transmission. However, there remains a lack of research on the isolation and pathogenicity of DBTV, highlighting the need for further studies to mitigate potential harm to the health of animals and humans.

[Synergistic Benefits of Pollution and Carbon Reduction from Air Pollution Control in Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020].

Recently, China has been facing the dual challenges of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction. Pollution and carbon reduction have become a breakthrough point for green socio-economic transformation. Air pollutant and CO2 emission inventories provide a tool for monitoring pollution and carbon reduction; however, there have been some problems in previous studies, including incomplete species coverage, different source classifications, and narrow time scales. Based on the unified emission source classification system and estimation method, an emission inventory was developed for Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020, and the emission trends, structure change, driving force, synergistic benefits, and spatial distribution were analyzed. Hebei Province achieved a balance during the study period in socio-economic development and anthropogenic emission control. SO2 emissions decreased rapidly during the "Ten Atmospheric Measures" period. VOCs and NH3 emissions reduction were more significant during the "Blue Sky Defense War" period. The decrease rates of NOx and PM2.5 emissions were relatively stable, and CO2 emissions increased slightly. The coal-fired treatment effectively reduced the air pollutant and CO2 emissions and strengthening the emission standards for key industries reduced SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions; however, the VOCs emission control requires improvement. Power and residential sources achieved co-reduction of air pollutants and CO2 and reducing residential coal optimized the energy structure, thereby leading to greater synergistic benefits in the residential source. The key pollution and carbon reduction areas in Hebei Province were Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, and Langfang. The methods and conclusions in this study can provide technical and decision-making references for regional pollution and carbon reduction efforts.

Detection of meteorological influence on bread wheat quality in Hebei province, China based on the gradient boosting decision tree.

Wheat grain quality is equivalent to grain yield in terms of ensuring food security under climate change but has received less attention. Identifying critical meteorological conditions in key phenological periods to account for the variability in grain protein content (GPC) can provide insight into linkages between climate change and wheat quality. The wheat GPC data from different counties of Hebei Province, China during 2006-2018 and corresponding observational meteorological data were used in our study. Through a fitted gradient boosting decision tree model, latitude of the study area, accumulated sunlight hours during the growth season, accumulated temperature and averaged relative humidity from filling to maturity were suggested as the most relevant influencing variables. The relationship between GPC and latitude was distinguished between areas north and south of 38.0° N. GPC decreased with the increasing latitude in areas south of 38.0° N, where at least accumulated temperatures of 515°C from filling to maturity were preferred to maintain high GPC. Besides, averaged relative humidity during the same phenological period exceeding 59% could generate an extra benefit to GPC here. However, GPC increased with increasing latitude in areas north of 38.0° N and was mainly attributed to more than 1500 sunlight hours during the growth season. Our findings that different meteorological factors played a major role in deciding regional wheat quality provided a scientific basis for adopting better regional planning and developing adaptive strategies to minimize climate impacts.

Evaluation of a population-based breast cancer screening in North China.

BACKGROUND: Despite mammography-based screening for breast cancer has been conducted in many countries, there are still little data on participation and diagnostic yield in population-based breast cancer screening in China. METHODS: We enrolled 151,973 eligible women from four cities in Hebei Province within the period 2013-2021 and followed up until December 31, 2021. Participants aged 40-74 who assessed as high risk were invited to undergo breast ultrasound and mammography examination. Overall and group-specific participation rates were calculated. Multivariable analyses were used to estimate the factors associated with participation rates. The diagnostic yield of both screening and no screening groups was calculated. We further analyzed the stage distribution and molecular subtype of breast cancer cases by different modes of cancer detection. RESULTS: A total of 42,547 participants were evaluated to be high risk of breast cancer. Among them, 23,009 subjects undertook screening services, with participation rate of 54.08%. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that aged 45-64, high education level, postmenopausal, current smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of breast cancer, and benign breast disease were associated with increased participation of screening. After median follow-up of 3.79 years, there were 456 breast cancer diagnoses of which 65 were screen-detected breast cancers (SBCs), 27 were interval breast cancers (IBCs), 68 were no screening cancers, and 296 were cancers detected outside the screening program. Among them, 92 participants in the screening group (0.40%) and 364 in the non-screening group (0.28%) had breast cancer detected, which resulted in an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.13-1.78; P = 0.003). We observed a higher detection rate of breast cancer in the screening group, with ORs of 2.42 (95% CI 1.72-3.41) for early stage (stages 0-I) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.26-3.54) for luminal A subtype. SBCs had higher proportion of early stage (71.93%) and luminal A subtype (47.22%) than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The significant differences in breast cancer diagnosis between the screening and non-screening group imply an urgent need for increased breast cancer awareness and early detection in China.

[Geochemical Background and Baseline Value of Soil Chemical Elements in Hebei Province].

Geochemical background and baseline values are important parameters for understanding the geochemical characteristics of soil elements, but the research degree of these two parameters is lacking in Hebei Province. Therefore, data from the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey and land quality geochemical assessment in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2018 were collected, covering approximately 71% of the land area of the whole province. Based on the data of surface soil and deep soil, scientific and robust methods including median value and median absolute deviation were used to calculate the geochemical background values, geochemical baseline values, as well as variation ranges of 54 indexes (Ag, Al2O3, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, CaO, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe2O3, Ga, Ge, Hg, I, K2O, La, Li, MgO, Mn, Mo, N, Na2O, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, pH, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, SiO2, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, total carbon (TC), and organic carbon (Corg)) in Hebei Province and 11 prefecture-level cities. The change rate in geochemical background for each index was also calculated. The results showed that the geochemical background and baseline values of most soil chemical elements in Hebei Province were lower than those nationwide, but the values of Ba, Br, Cl, MgO, Na2O, P, pH, S, Sr, and TC were higher, with CaO being the highest. Compared with those in north China, there was no significant difference in the geochemical background and baseline values for the 54 indexes, with the ratios of 0.83-1.17 and 0.79-1.19, respectively. Significant changes in the geochemical background for Corg, Hg, N, P, S, and Se were observed in Hebei Province, indicating that these indexes were greatly influenced by human factors. Preliminary analysis suggests that coal burning emissions and agricultural chemical use were two very important inducing factors.

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Hebei's Manufacturing Industry in the Global Value Chain.

In order to tackle increasingly serious environmental problems, China has been promoting the development of a green economy and guiding the green transformation of various regions and industries through environmental regulation in recent years. By participating in international trade, Hebei Province has been embedded in the global value chain. However, Hebei's involvement in the high-energy-consuming and polluting manufacturing sector and its lower position in the global value chain have led to serious environmental issues. In practice, the government has promulgated environmental regulations to restrict economic activities of enterprises. What role does environmental regulation play in Hebei's manufacturing industry's participation in the global value chain? In order to explore the impact of environmental regulation on Hebei's manufacturing industry in the global value chain, this paper constructs a fixed-effect econometric model based on the panel data of the embedding level of the value chain of 12 manufacturing sectors in Hebei Province. The research results show that: first, the R & D capacity of the manufacturing industry in Hebei Province still needs to be improved. Second, environmental regulation has promoted the global value chain position of Hebei's 12 manufacturing sectors. Third, environmental regulation will show obvious heterogeneity to manufacturing industries with different capital intensities and different pollution levels. The impact of environmental regulation on the manufacturing industry with different intensities is different. Therefore, the government should formulate targeted environmental regulation to promote the position of Hebei's manufacturing industry in the global value chain, such as further improving environmental regulation and increasing the intensity of environmental regulation and increasing the investment of human capital, and cultivating innovative talents.

External quality assessment of laboratories in blood stations of Hebei Province in 2022: a retrospective analysis of HeBEQA project / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To conduct the laboratory quality assessment between 12 blood stations in Hebei province, analyze the results and explore the accuracy and comparability of testing, so as to improve the level of testing ability and quality management. 【Methods】 With reference to the external quality assessment rules of National Center for Clinical Laboratories and combined with the instructions of quality assessment samples, daily testing process of the laboratories were assessed. The quality indicators include blood cell count (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT), biochemical items (TP) and coagulation parameters (FIB and FⅧ). 【Results】 There are still problems in laboratories in terms of personnel operation, instrument maintenance and the impact of different reagent batches, especially in biochemical items and coagulation parameters. The pass rate of biochemical items was the lowest, only 72.75%, and that of blood cell count was the highest, reaching 98.75%. 【Conclusion】 With the progress of the project, the quality monitoring level of daily blood sampling tests in the quality control laboratory of each blood station has been improved. However, it is still necessary for each laboratory to improve the testing ability and quality management to a higher level in Hebei.

Epidemic characteristics of anthrax in Chengde City， Hebei Province from 2005 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemic characteristics of anthrax in Chengde City， Hebei Province from 2005 to 2021， and to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures of anthrax and reducing incidence rate. MethodsThis study collected the data of anthrax epidemic in Chengde City and conducted descriptive analysis. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2021， a total of 11 anthrax cases were reported in Chengde City with no death. The average incidence rate was 0.08/105， which remained low. Furthermore， 10 cases were cutaneous anthrax and 1 case was pulmonary anthrax. The cases were mainly reported in Weichang County， accounting for 90.91% of the total reported cases， followed by Pingquan City. In addition， the cases were mainly reported from July to August and mainly between 30 and 59 years old with a gender ratio of 2.67∶1. ConclusionThe anthrax epidemic in Chengde City is likely to increase. It mainly occurs in summer， rural areas， and male young and middle-aged farmers. It is necessary to improve epidemic monitoring， health education， disease prevention capacity， early identification of the epidemic， and active response.

Establishment and validation of a prognostic model for gastric cancer patients of Hebei Province in China.

BACKGROUND: Hebei Province is a high-risk area for gastric cancer in China, and there is currently no survival prediction model for gastric cancer patients in Hebei Province. This study aimed to build the best survival prediction model for gastric cancer patients in Hebei Province. METHODS: The development dataset included 1,993 hospitalized gastric cancer patients from the Hebei Cancer Registration Project during 2016 and 2017. Three tree-based machine learning methods [survival trees (ST), random survival forests (RSF), and gradient boosting machines (GBM)] and Cox, were used to develop the models by ten-fold cross validation with 200 iterations. California Chinese hospitalized gastric cancer patients were used as external test models. In addition, we compared the multivariable group with the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) group. RESULTS: The 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of the development dataset were 57.07% and 44.48%, respectively. For predicting the 3-year CSS rates of gastric cancer patients of multivariable group, the C-indexes in train datasets were 0.75, 0.72, 0.79 and 0.76 for Cox, ST, RSF and GBM. Multivariable group performed better than TNM group. The predictive ability of Cox and RSF were superior to ST and GBM. A nomogram was established to predict the 3- and 5-year CSS rates of gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram was useful for facilitating clinicians to predict the survival of gastric cancer patients, and identifying high-risk patients so as to adopt more reasonable treatment plans.

Air quality assessment based on R/S-SPA composite model: A case study of the Hebei province (China).

Air pollution has been the favorite subject of pollution prevention and control measures with the aim of sustainable development. Therefore, a composite model of rescaled range (R/S) and set pair analysis (SPA) was constructed to evaluate the air pollution situation based on the data from 2013 to 2020 in the Hebei province and then predict its air quality development trend. The results show that (1) the air pollution situation is severe, but the development trend is good and (2) the main pollutants are the core factors affecting air quality, and it is necessary to focus on intervention. The innovation of this paper lies on the combination of R/S and SPA to jointly predict the development trend of air quality in the Hebei province and ensure its scientific prediction. Meanwhile, this paper does not point out the continuation cycle of development state, which is the limitation of this paper. Finally, this study deepens the understanding of air quality evaluation, and the following countermeasures are formed: adherence to the problem- and goal-oriented approach to help the transformation of low-carbon development and enhancing the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection to practice low-carbon lifestyle.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of the Coupling Coordination between Urbanization and Urban Resilience: A Case Study of the 167 Counties in Hebei Province.

Urban resilience, as an important ability to deal with disasters in the process of urbanization, has been paid more and more attention as the result of the increasing risks that are caused by rapid urbanization. China is taking the county level as the basic unit to promote new-type urbanization and constructing resilient cities has become one of the development strategies. However, to achieve this strategy researchers need to analyze the interaction between county urbanization and urban resilience and its driving mechanism, which have been paid little attention. Therefore, this paper selected 167 counties in Hebei Province as the investigation subject. Based on the statistical data from 2010 to 2020, a comprehensive index system was developed to quantify the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and urban resilience, and the spatial Durbin model was used to analyze the driving mechanism of it. The study shows that: Firstly, the urbanization level of counties rose year after year, with there being a geographical distribution that was "lower from southeast to northwest". The level of urban resilience increased year after year, showing a geographical distribution that was "higher from south to north" and a "core-edge" feature that was localized. Secondly, the coupling coordination degree increased steadily, and the overall level changed from a basic imbalance to a mild imbalance. In space, it is bounded by "Pingquan City-Pingshan County", which showed the distribution of "high in the east and low in the west, high in the center and low on the outskirts". Thirdly, the coupling coordination degree has spatial spillover effect. Government financial expenditure, innovation level, industrial upgrading level and urban shape index all influence the coupling coordination degree positively, with a successively decreasing impact, while the urban compactness has significant negative impacts. This study indicates that the regional differences exist in the coupling coordination degree, and the counties in different development stages need to adopt different strategies to promote the coordinated development of urbanized and resilient cities. Inter-regional support is also necessary in this process. Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to govern various urban elements, especially in terms of their urban form.

The Pattern and Local Push Factors of Rural Depopulation in Less-Developed Areas: A Case Study in the Mountains of North Hebei Province, China.

Rural depopulation is the most significant geographical phenomenon in rural areas during the process of urbanization. Although many studies have investigated the driving force of rural depopulation based on rural-urban migration at the macro level, the local factors, and their impact on rural depopulation from the rural areas have been not fully revealed. This paper selected the northern mountains of China's Hebei province as a study area to explore the pattern and local push factors of rural depopulation at the rural-township levels based on GeoDetector. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) Rural depopulation varies substantially, demonstrates spatial correlation, and is distributed in clusters. From a dynamic perspective, compare that in years 2000-2010, the population growth areas during 2010-2017 have been significantly expanded, while the sharp depopulation areas and severe depopulation areas experienced shrinkage in our study area. (2) The pattern of rural depopulation is in accordance with terrain. Rural depopulation tends to be stronger in plateaus and mountains, while relatively milder in intermontane basins, hills, and piedmont plains. (3) The agricultural suitability of natural environmental and rural economic opportunities together with climate changes were the most important driving forces of rural depopulation at local levels. Location, sparse population, and inadequate public services also contributed to rural depopulation. However, the dominant driving factors are different in the different periods. Rural depopulation was mainly driven by arable land per capita and natural environmental variables in the years 2000-2010, while the population density, location, and off-farm economic opportunities played a decisive role in the years 2010-2017. (4) Rural depopulation is a complex, multi-dimensional process driven by a combination of multiple factors including different environmental factors, economic opportunities, and location. This paper reveals the push factors of rural depopulation in underdeveloped mountainous areas by a quantitative empirical approach, inspiring increased attention to the impacts of local factors and spatial correlations on rural depopulation, and has many implications for the policy design of China's rural revitalization.

Coordinated health effects attributable to particulate matter and other pollutants exposures in the North China Plain.

Hebei Province, located in the North China Plain (NCP) and encircling Beijing and Tianjin, has been suffering from severe air pollution. The monthly average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration was up to 276 µg/m3 in Hebei Province, which adversely affects human health. However, few studies evaluated the coordinated health impact of exposure to PM (PM2.5 and PM10) and other key air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, and surface ozone (O3)). In this study, we systematically analyzed the health risks (both mortality and morbidity) due to multiple air pollutants exposures in Hebei Province. The economic loss associated with these health consequences was estimated using the value of statistical life (VSL) and cost of illness (COI) methods. Our results show the health burden and economic loss attributable to multiple ambient air pollutants exposures in Hebei Province is substantial. In 2017, the total premature mortality from multiple air pollutants exposures in Hebei Province was 69,833 (95% CI: 55,549-83,028), which was 2.9 times higher than that of the Pearl River Delta region (PRD). Most of the potential economic loss (79.65%) was attributable to premature mortality from air pollution. The total economic loss due to the health consequences of multiple air pollutants exposures was 175.16 (95% CI: 134.61-224.61) billion Chinese Yuan (CNY), which was 4.92% of Hebei Province's annual gross domestic product (GDP). Thus, the adverse health effects and economic loss caused by exposure to multiple air pollutants should be seriously taken into consideration. To alleviate these damages, Hebei's government ought to establish more stringent measures and regulations to better control air pollution.

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) tetrasulcus sp. n., a new species of centipede from China (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae).

BACKGROUND: The myriapod fauna of China is still poorly known and very little attention has been paid to the study of Lithobiomorpha, with only 100 species and subspecies known from the country. Altogether, 11 species of subgenusMonotarsobius have been recorded from China, but only two of them have been reported from Hebei Province. Herein, a new species recently discovered in the Hebei Province, China, is described and illustrated. NEW INFORMATION: A new lithobiids species Lithobius (Monotarsobius) tetrasulcus sp. n. is described and illustrated from Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China. The new species is compared with Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes Koch, 1862 from Taiwan, China. It can be easily distinguished from congeners by having a longitudinal groove on the dorsal side of the femur and tibia of the male legs 14 and 15, only having a posterior spine on the dorsal side of femur of legs 12-15, lacking robust spines lying dorsally on the external margin on the second article of the female gonopods and the third article of the female gonopods having a bidentate apical claw.

[Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Spectrum, Source Analysis, and Nitrogen Response of Dissolved Organic Matter in Summer Rainfall in the Hebei Province].

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) is an important component of the organic matter in the environment. This study explored the characteristics of DOM. The components and spectral characteristics of rainwater DOM were measured using Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum(UV-vis) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum in the Hebei province. The results showed significant differences for DOM molecular weight in the northern, central, and southern region; the DOM of the northern region exhibited the lowest molecular weight. Two humic-like(C1 and C4), one protein-like(C2) and one fulvic-like(C3) components were identified by parallel factor(PARAFAC) analysis. Component C2 had a significant positive correlation with components C3 and C4(P<0.001), which may have similar sources. The C2(protein-like substances) accounted for the major proportion of DOM with the average abundance 40.59%. The DOM components based on PARAFAC exhibited significantly difference between city and country regions without spatial difference, which was consistent with the result of fluorescence regional integration(FRI). The protein-like substances based on FRI were the main components, which accounted for 61.59%-89.01%. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that total nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia were the main environmental factors determining the distribution of DOM. Spectral indices presented a significant difference between city and country regions. High fluorescence(FI) and biological(BIX) and low humification(HIX) values showed that summer rain exhibited the strong autochthonous and low humification characteristics, and country region have stronger autochthonous characteristics than city region. The regression analysis demonstrates that the prediction accuracy of rainwater quality parameters in city region is high. From all the results, rainwater DOM, showing strong autogenous characteristics, exhibited significant differences between city and country regions without spatial difference in Hebei. Meanwhile, it can also provide technical support for rainwater nitrogen concentration prediction based on DOM components.

A new species of Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae) from China with a key to species.

BACKGROUND: The myriapod fauna of China is still poorly known and very little attention had been paid to the study of Lithobiomorpha, with only 100 species/subspecies hitherto known from the country, among which are only seven species of Hessebius. Here we are describing a new species of the genus Hessebius. NEW INFORMATION: A new lithobiid species, Hessebiuscrassifemoralis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China. The new species is compared with H.luquensis Qiao, Qin, Ma, Su & Zhang, 2018 from Gansu Province, China. A key to Chinese species, based on adult specimens, is provided. Type specimens and other material are deposited in the School of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, China.

The characteristics of and responses to the two COVID-19 outbreak waves in Hebei Province of China, January 2020 to February 2021.

Hebei Province was affected by two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak waves during the period 22 January 2020 through 27 February 2020 (wave 1) and 2 January 2021 through 14 February 2021 (wave 2). To evaluate and compare the epidemiological characteristics, containment delay, cluster events and social activity, as well as non-pharmaceutical interventions of the two COVID-19 outbreak waves, we examined real-time update information on all COVID-19-confirmed cases from a publicly available database. Wave 1 was closely linked with the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, whereas wave 2 was triggered, to a certain extent, by the increasing social activities such as weddings, multi-household gatherings and church events during the slack agricultural period. In wave 2, the epidemic spread undetected in the rural areas, and people living in the rural areas had a higher incidence rate than those living in the urban areas (5.3 vs. 22.0 per 1 000 000). Furthermore, Rt was greater than 1 in the early stage of the two outbreak waves, and decreased substantially after massive non-pharmaceutical interventions were implemented. In China's 'new-normal' situation, development of targeted and effective intervention remains key for COVID-19 control in consideration of the potential threat of new coronavirus strains.

Participation and Yield of a Lung Cancer Screening Program in Hebei, China.

OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer screening has been widely conducted in Western countries. However, population-based lung cancer screening programs in Hebei in China are sparse. Our study aimed to assess the participation rate and detection rate of positive nodules and lung cancer in Hebei province. METHOD: In total, 228 891 eligible participants aged 40-74 years were enrolled in the Cancer Screening Program in Hebei from 2013 to 2019. A total of 54 846 participants were evaluated as the lung cancer high-risk population by a risk score system which basically followed the Harvard Risk Index and was adjusted for the characteristics of the Chinese population. Then this high-risk population was recommended for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. And all participants attended annual passive follow-up, and the active follow-up interval was based on radiologist's suggestion. All participants were followed-up until December 31, 2020. The overall, group-specific participation rates were calculated, and its associated factors were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Participation rates and detection of positive nodules and lung cancer were reported. RESULTS: The overall participation rate was 52.69%, where 28 899 participants undertook LDCT screening as recommended. The multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that a high level of education, having disease history, and occupational exposure were found to be associated with the participation in LDCT screening. The median follow-up time was 3.56 person-years. Overall, the positive identification of lung nodules and suspected lung cancer were 12.73% and 1.46% through LDCT screening. After the native and passive follow-up, 257 lung cancer cases were diagnosed by lung cancer screening, and the detection rate of lung cancer was 0.89% in the screening group. And its incidence density was 298.72 per 100,000. Positive lung nodule rate and detection rate were increased with age. CONCLUSION: Our study identified personal and epidemiological factors that could affect the participation rate. Our findings could provide the guideline for precise prevention and control of lung cancer in the future.