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1.
Chemosphere ; 359: 142290, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38723691

ABSTRACT

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives are widely used as brominated flame retardants. Because of their high production and wide environment distribution, TBBPA derivatives have increased considerable concern. Previous studies have primarily focused on TBBPA, with limited information available on its derivative. In this study, we investigated the uptake, biotransformation and physiological response of two derivatives, Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA BAE) and Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (TBBPA BDBPE), in Helianthus annus (H. annus) through a short-term hydroponic assay. The results revealed that H. annus could absorb TBBPA BAE and TBBPA BDBPE from solution, with removal efficiencies of 98.33 ± 0.5% and 98.49 ± 1.56% after 10 days, respectively, which followed first-order kinetics. TBBPA BAE was absorbed, translocated and accumulated while TBBPA BDBPE couldn't be translocated upward due to its high hydrophobicity and low solubility. The concentrations of TBBPA derivatives in plants peaked within 72 h, and then decreased. We identified twelve metabolites resulting from ether bond breakage, debromination, and hydroxylation in H. annus. The high-level TBBPA BAE suppressed the growth and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of H. annus, while TBBPA BDBPE didn't pose a negative effect on H. annus. TBBPA BAE and TBBPA BDBPE increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), with higher levels of these enzymes activity found in high concentration treatments. Contrastingly, TBBPA BAE exhibited higher toxicity than TBBPA BDBPE, as indicated by greater antioxidant enzyme activity. The findings of this study develop better understanding of biotransformation mechanisms of TBBPA derivatives in plants, contributing to the assessment of the environmental and human health impacts of these contaminants.


Subject(s)
Biotransformation , Flame Retardants , Helianthus , Polybrominated Biphenyls , Polybrominated Biphenyls/toxicity , Polybrominated Biphenyls/metabolism , Helianthus/drug effects , Helianthus/metabolism , Flame Retardants/toxicity , Flame Retardants/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism
2.
Environ Technol ; 44(22): 3342-3353, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35317710

ABSTRACT

Onshore oil well drill cuttings and sunflower cake from biodiesel production require an appropriate destination to reduce the risks of environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the combination of different doses of these wastes on the growth of sunflower plants (Helianthus annus L.) and on soil chemical attributes after cultivation, making it possible to recommend safe application doses. Sunflower plants, cultivar Neon, were cultivated in a greenhouse for 80 days in Planossolo Háplico (Ultisol) as the main substrate. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6 × 6 factorial arrangement, composed of five doses of sunflower cake (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1) and five doses of drill cuttings (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha-1) and an experimental control using only Ultisol After cultivation, soil chemical attributes and the parameters height (H), stem diameter (D), and dry mass (DMAP) and nutrient contents in the aerial part of the plants were analyzed. Sunflower cake dose of 32 Mg ha-1 limited the germination of sunflower plants. In sunflower plants, the highest contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were verified when the sunflower cake doses were associated with drill cuttings doses >45 Mg ha-1. The mixture between sunflower cake and drill cuttings in the proportion of 16:45 Mg ha-1, respectively, promoted higher H, D and DMAP of sunflower plants, as well as a considerable improvement in soil fertility, without causing significant increments in sodium content in the soil after cultivation.HighlightsInadequate disposal of agro-industrial wastes represents loss of raw material and energy.Drill cuttings and sunflower cake wastes enable improvements in soil fertility attributes.The combination of sunflower cake and drill cuttings contributed to sunflower growth and nutrient contents.The mixture of drill cuttings and sunflower cake has potential for use as agricultural input.


Subject(s)
Helianthus , Helianthus/chemistry , Soil , Oil and Gas Fields , Industrial Waste , Agriculture , Plants
3.
Front Plant Sci ; 13: 842560, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35371122

ABSTRACT

Mature sunflower (Helianthus annuus) inflorescences, which no longer follow the Sun, face the eastern celestial hemisphere. Whether they orient toward the azimuth of local sunrise or the geographical east? It was recently shown that they absorb maximum light energy if they face almost exactly the geographical east, and afternoons are usually cloudier than mornings. However, the exact average and standard deviation (SD) of the azimuth angle of the normal vector of mature sunflower inflorescences have never been measured on numerous individuals. It is imaginable that they prefer the direction of sunrise rather than that of the geographical east. To decide between these two photobiological possibilities, we photographed mature inflorescences of 14 sunflower plantations using a drone and determined the average and SD of the azimuth angle of the normal vector of 2,800 sunflower heads. We found that the average azimuth αinflorescence = 89.5° ± 42.8° (measured clockwise from the geographical north) of inflorescences practically coincided with the geographical eastern direction (αeast = 90°) instead of the azimuth of local sunrise αsunrise = 56.14° - 57.55°. Although the SD of the orientation of individual inflorescences was large (± 42.8°), our finding experimentally corroborated the earlier theoretical prediction that the energetically ideal azimuth of sunflower inflorescences is east, if mornings are usually less cloudy than afternoons, which is typical for the domestication region of H. annuus. However, the average orientation of inflorescences of two plantations in hilly landscapes more or less differed from that of the majority of plantations in plane landscapes. The reason for this deviation may be that the illumination conditions in hilly sites more or less differed from those in plane landscapes. Furthermore, in a plantation, we observed a group of south-facing inflorescences that were in shadow for about 5 h both after sunrise and before sunset. This southern orientation can be explained by the southern maximum of total light energy absorbed by the partly shadowed inflorescences during the day, as computed by our software integrating both the diffuse skylight and the direct sunlight received by sunflower inflorescences.

4.
Data Brief ; 39: 107636, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34901349

ABSTRACT

Insights into plant endosphere bacterial diversity and exploration of their bioincentives in the formulation of biofertilizers promise to avert ecological disturbances. Here, we presented the sequence dataset of the endophytic bacterial community from the roots and stems of sunflower obtained from farmlands in Itsoseng and Lichtenburg, North West Province of South Africa, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The climatic conditions of this region are characterized by an annual rainfall of about 600 mm and a temperature range of 3 to 21°C during winter and 22 to 34°C during summer. The genomic DNA was obtained from 1 g of each macerated sample using commercial DNA kits (DNeasy® Plant Mini kit, Qiagen, USA). The DNA was amplified through polymerase chain reaction at the V4 region using the specific forward and reverse primers. Amplicon sequencing was performed on the Miseq Illumina platform. Sequence read processing was performed using QIIME 1 16S-based pipeline implemented on Nephele microbial bioinformatics platform using default parameters. The sequence has been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with assigned Bioproject accession numbers. The data reveals the endophytic bacterial community structure and functions in sunflower cultivated in organic and nonorganic soils at growing and flowering stages.

5.
Carbohydr Polym ; 173: 707-713, 2017 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28732917

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of Helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (USP), pH, time of sonication (TS) and ratio of solid to liquid (RSL) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. In addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. The optimal extraction process condition was USP of 375w, pH of 3.2, TS of 32min and RSL of 1:15g/ml. Mean experimental pectin yield of 8.89±0.024% was well accord with predicted pectin yield (8.91%). Analysis of chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracted pectin did not show any significant difference with commercial pectin. XRD analysis illustrated a similar crystalline profile in both extracted and commercial pectin. Morphological analysis was performed on fresh and extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy.


Subject(s)
Helianthus/chemistry , Pectins/isolation & purification , Sonication , Ultrasonography
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1201-1206, set.-out. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827896

ABSTRACT

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme removed from the leaves of green papaya and/or latex. This enzyme is widely known as a medicinal fruit used extensively in human medicine for the treatment of wounds of various etiologies. However, studies and reports in veterinary medicine are scarce. Another herbal drug widely used in wound healing is Sunflower oil (Helianthus annus). It has inflammatory and antimicrobial properties which stimulate the local neovascularization, promoting tissue granulation, cell migration, fibroblast proliferation, and differentiation. Three dogs were treated with infected necrosis wounds, considered large, extent, and severe, with varied etiology. All cases were treated with papain gel with the exception of one dog, which was given the sunflower oil at the end of the treatment. Papain gel shows effectiveness in the treatment of wounds especially with wound debridement and removal of necrotic tissue. In addition, the healing time was shorter when compared to the treatment with sunflower oil. Finally, the herbal drugs have a low cost and high accessibility. This study contributes to create a new research regarding the use of this drug in animal wound healing.(AU)


A papaína é uma enzima proteolítica retirada do mamão-papaia verde e/ou do látex das folhas do mamoeiro, tendo propriedades medicinais conhecidas na medicina humana para tratamento de feridas de diversas etiologias. Estudos e/ou relatos na medicina veterinária são escassos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se descrever três casos de cães, que foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brasil, todos com feridas infectadas, necrosadas, com etiologia variada e consideradas de grande extensão e gravidade, sendo tratados com gel de papaína. O tratamento demonstrou efetividade na recuperação das feridas, com a formação de grande quantidade de tecido de granulação, em um período menor que os tratamentos convencionais. Por se tratar de um fitoterápico, de baixo custo e alta acessibilidade, o gel de papaína pode ser utilizado no tratamento de feridas de grande extensão em cães e, assim como em humanos, parece ter um efeito benéfico no processo de cicatrização. Pesquisas devem ser conduzidas para elucidar a ação desse produto nos tecidos, bem como as diferentes concentrações a serem administradas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Carica , Papain/therapeutic use , Wound Healing/drug effects , Necrosis/veterinary , Phytotherapy/veterinary
7.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(6): 970-976, 06/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747087

ABSTRACT

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens de plântulas Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS(r)), em comparação com os outros testes recomendados para determinação do vigor de sementes de girassol. Foram utilizados dez lotes de sementes, cultivar Catissol 01, os quais foram avaliados quanto ao potencial fisiológico por meio dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em areia e em campo e análise de imagens de plântulas com o sistema SVIS(r), aos 0 e 4 meses de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado para os testes realizados em laboratório e blocos ao acaso para o teste de emergência de plântulas em campo; em ambos os casos, foram utilizadas 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Verificou-se que a análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas com SVIS(r) é eficiente para avaliação do vigor de sementes de girassol.


This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of computerized image analysis of seedling Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS(r)) compared with the other recommended tests to determine vigor in sunflower seeds. It was used ten seed lots of cultivar Catissol 01.The physiological potential was assessed using tests of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence and seedling image analyze with SVIS(r) at 0 and 4 months after storage. The experimental design was completely randomized for the laboratory tests and randomized blocs to seedling emergence on the field; in both cases it was used four replications. The data were submitted to variance analyze and mean comparisons at Scott Knott test (P<0,01). Seedling image analyze with SVIS(r) is efficient to access sunflower vigor seeds.

8.
Int J Phytoremediation ; 17(12): 1145-52, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25950194

ABSTRACT

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse organic contaminants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic activities. These compounds have negative impacts on plants growth and development. Although there are many reports on their existence in different parts of plant, their uptake and translocation pathways and mechanisms are not well understood yet. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation and accumulation of PAHs by wheat, sunflower and alfalfa through an experimental study under controlled conditions. Seeds were cultivated in a soil containing 50 mg/kg of phenanthrene and fluorene and their concentrations in plants roots and shoots were determined using a gas chromatograph after 7 and 14 days. The results showed that phenanthrene and fluorene concentrations in the treated plants were increased over the time. PAHs bioavailability was time and species dependent and generally, phenanthrene uptake and translocation was faster than that of fluorene, probably due to their higher Kow. Fluorene tended to accumulate in roots, but phenanthrene was transported to aerial parts of plants.


Subject(s)
Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Fluorenes/metabolism , Helianthus/metabolism , Medicago sativa/metabolism , Phenanthrenes/metabolism , Soil Pollutants/metabolism , Triticum/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Chromatography, Gas , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Shoots/metabolism
9.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(1): 117-128, jan./feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-946973

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi o de avaliar a emergência das plântulas, o crescimento das plantas, bem como a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes produzidas de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) influenciados pelos resíduos de plantas de girassol (Helianthus annus). Para isto, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por área com e sem resíduos de plantas de girassol e, as subparcelas, por seis épocas de coleta (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 dias após a semeadura - DAS). Os resíduos de plantas de girassol não interferiram no estabelecimento das plântulas de nabo forrageiro, reduziram a produção de sementes por planta e favoreceram o vigor das sementes produzidas. Após 40 DAS, houve prejuízo ao desenvolvimento das plantas, à eficiência de translocação dos fotoassimilados e ao acúmulo de nutrientes de plantas de nabo forrageiro provenientes de área com resíduos de girassol.


The aim was to evaluate the seedling emergence, plant growth, seed yield and seed quality of oil radish (Raphanus sativus L.) influenced by the sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants residues. The experiment was randomized in split plot complete block with four replications. The plots were represented by the area with and without sunflower plants residues and the subplots, by the six sampling times (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 days after sowing - DAS). The sunflower plants residues did not affect seedling establishment in oilseed radish, reduced the seed yield per plant and favored the seed vigour. After 40 DAS, there was damage to the plant development, the efficiency of translocation of assimilates and nutrients accumulation in oil radish plants from area with sunflower residues.


Subject(s)
Food , Helianthus , Raphanus , Seedlings , Allelopathy
10.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(5 Supplement 2): 768-773, 2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-947970

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in two different locations in South Brazil, in tillage in the 2009/2010 season on eight sunflower hybrids, aiming to determine the path correlations and coefficients between primary and secondary characters on the main variable of achene productivity. The correlations were similar between environments. The characters of the head diameter and mass of a thousand achenes had a significant influence on sunflower productivity. Based on the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects, we highlighted all primary components on the main variable, beside the good determination coefficient and low residual effect. The secondary component, the number of achenes, despite the significant direct effect on productivity, was indirectly influenced by the primary components, making it an undesirable character for selection.


O estudo foi realizado em dois locais no Sul do Brasil na safra 2009/2010, por meio de oito híbridos de girassol, com o objetivo de determinar os coeficientes de correlações e a análise de trilha entre os caracteres primários e secundários sobre a variável principal produtividade de aquênios no girassol. As correlações foram semelhantes entre os ambientes, sendo o diâmetro do capítulo e massa de mil aquênios com maior influência significativa sobre a produtividade do girassol. Com base na magnitude dos efeitos diretos e indiretos, destacamos todos os componentes primários sobre a variável principal, além do coeficiente alto de determinação e efeito residual baixo. O componente secundário, o número de aquênios, apesar do efeito direto na produtividade, é influenciado indiretamente a partir dos componentes principais, tornando-se um carácter indesejável de seleção.


Subject(s)
Helianthus , Plant Breeding , Fruit
11.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(7): 1161-1167, jul. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643673

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de girassol após a hidratação pelos métodos da atmosfera úmida e substrato úmido em temperaturas de 10 e 20°C visando a elevar o teor de água das sementes a 15, 20 e 25%. A qualidade fisiológica inicial e após o umedecimento das sementes foi determinada por testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem da germinação, germinação a baixa temperatura, emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas em areia, massa de matéria seca e comprimento de plântulas). O método do substrato úmido a 10°C visando a aumentar o teor de água a 15 e 20% foi favorável em sementes de elevada qualidade, embora com redução do vigor das plântulas.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the sunflower seeds physiological quality after hydration by the moist atmosphere and moist substrate methods at temperatures of 10 and 20°C aiming to the water content of seeds at 15, 20 and 25%. The initial physiological quality and after the wetting of the seeds was determined by testing germination and vigor (first count of germination, germination at low temperature, emergence speed index and seedling emergence in sand, dry weight and length of seedlings). The method of moist substrate at 10°C to increase the water content at 15 and 20% was positive for moistening the seeds of high quality, although it has been observed small decrease seedling vigor.

12.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(11): 1921-1926, nov. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-608053

ABSTRACT

Considerando que o Brasil detém uma vasta gama de matérias-primas para produção de biodiesel, e também que há a possibilidade de produção em pequena escala, prima-se por estudos de cunho econômico a partir de metodologias de fácil execução. O objetivo do trabalho foi demonstrar uma metodologia e sua aplicação para avaliação dos custos inseridos dentro do processo produtivo e de utilização do biodiesel. A metodologia foi aplicada a biodieseis originários de óleo de soja, girassol, frango e sebo bovino, dos quais se avaliaram economicamente os custos fixos e variáveis para conversão química dos óleos e gorduras em ésteres metílicos, em uma planta de produção experimental. Os custos de produção para cada uma das quatro citadas são distintos em função do valor inicial por litro de cada uma. Também fora avaliado o custo específico e o consumo específico de cada um dos biodieseis, a fim de determinar a diferença em relação ao óleo diesel comercial. No estudo de caso, os resultados mostraram vantagens para o óleo diesel, tanto no custo quanto no consumo. Comparando-se os biodieseis, o de sebo bovino apresentou-se com o menor custo de produção e o menor consumo.


Considering that Brazil has a wide range of raw materials for biodiesel production, and also the possibility of small scale production, there is a demand for economic methodology studies with easy implementation. The objective of this research was to demonstrate a methodology and its application to assess the costs within the production process and the biodiesel use. The methodology was applied to biodiesels originated from soybean oil, sunflower oil, chicken oil and beef tallow, which assessed the fixed and variable costs for chemical conversion of oils and fats into methyl esters in an experimental production plant. Production costs for each of the four mentioned esters are peculiar due to the initial value of each oil per liter. Also the specific cost and specific fuel consumption were evaluated for each biodiesel to determine the difference with the commercial diesel oil. The case study showed advantages for diesel oil, both in cost and consumption. Comparing the biodiesels, the beef tallow showed the lowest production costs and lower consumption.

13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 8(2)mar.-abr. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-543998

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar quantitativa e qualitativamente a provável proteção gástrica do extrato hidroalcoólico da semente de girassol (EHSG) em relação ao estresse, ao uso de indometacina e etanol; bem como verificar a acidez (pH) gástrica por meio da ligadura pilórica (resíduo gástrico puro e com adição de água) e comparar as diferenças dos valores do pH em ambos os modelos. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 120 ratos (5 em cada grupo) da espécie Rattus norvegicus albinus, com peso de 150-230g, divididos em 24 grupos distintos, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: EHSG: 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg e 2000 mg/kg; etanol 0,5 mL; cimetidina 60 mg/kg; indometacina 20 mg/kg; água 1 mL; ligadura de piloro (água; cimetidina e EHSG). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa Grand Pad Prism 5 com aplicação de testes estatísticos considerando o nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS: O EHSG nas doses 250 e 1000 mg/kg sugeriu proteção contra as lesões gástricas no estresse. No modelo de indução de úlcera gástrica por etanol, as doses de 250 e 1000 mg/kg apresentaram provável proteção gástrica. No grupo utilizando EHSG 250 mg/kg e indometacina a dose de 250 mg/kg também sugere proteção gástrica. Em relação ao valor de pH, o resíduo gástrico, quando verificado puro, é mais ácido que pelo modelo da adição da água, significando que este último modelo está aumentando o pH, comprovando assim que o modelo do resíduo gástrico puro é mais indicado e prático. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos no presente estudo mostram que o EHSG apresenta provável proteção gástrica em determinadas doses.(AU)


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the probable gastric protection of hydroalcoholic extract from sunflower seed (EHSG) in relation to stress, the use of indomethacin and ethanol; check the acidity (pH) through the gastric pylorus ligation (gastric residue pure and with added water), and compare differences in pH values in both models. METHOD: A total of 120 rats (5 in each group) of the type Wistar rats weighing 150-230g were divided into 24 distinct groups, which received the following treatments: EHSG: 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg, 0.5 mL ethanol, cimetidine 60 mg/kg, indomethacin 20 mg/kg, 1 mL water, ligation of pylorus (water, cimetidine and EHSG). The data were analyzed using the Grand Pad Prism 5 with application of statistical tests considering the significance level of 5%.RESULTS: The EHSG at doses 250 and 1000 mg/kg suggested protection against gastric lesions in stress. In the model of gastric ulcer induced by ethanol, the doses of 250 and 1000 mg/kg showed probable gastric protection. Group using EHSG 250 mg/kg and indomethacin dose of 250 mg/kg also suggests gastric protection. Regarding the pH, the gastric residue, occurred when pure, is more acidic than the model of the addition of water, meaning that the latter model is increasing the pH, thus proving that the model of pure gastric residue is more appropriate and more practical. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that has likely EHSG gastric protection in certain doses.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Seeds , Stomach Ulcer , Stress, Psychological , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Cimetidine/pharmacology , Ethanol/pharmacology , Helianthus , Rats, Inbred Strains
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