Longitudinal hematological change in uncomplicated twin pregnancies: The white blood cell count decreases through pregnancy after the first trimester.

OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal hematological changes throughout twin pregnancies have not been reported. This study aimed to reveal longitudinal changes in hematological indices in twin pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of hematological changes in uncomplicated twin pregnancies delivered at ≥37 weeks of gestation between 2010 and 2013 and randomly selected uncomplicated singletons during the same period. A complete blood count and hemogram were performed as blood examinations in the first trimester (9-13 weeks), late second trimester (22-27 weeks), mid-third trimester (33-35 weeks, only in twin pregnancies), and late third trimester (36-38 weeks). We evaluated inter-trimester differences in hematological indices and compared the values between twin and singleton pregnancies in each trimester. RESULTS: The final analysis group included 60 twin pregnancies and 63 singleton pregnancies. The white blood cell (WBC) count in twin pregnancies decreased throughout the pregnancy after the first trimester and became significantly lower than that in singletons in the late third trimester. The WBC count showed only a slight decrease in the third trimester in singleton pregnancies, whereas it showed a marked decrease throughout the pregnancy in twin pregnancies. The marked decrease in the total WBC count in twin pregnancies is mainly due to a decrease in neutrophils. The red blood cell count and hemoglobin and hematocrit values in twin pregnancies showed more marked decreases in the second trimester than in singletons. No decrease was observed after the second trimester of pregnancy. The platelet count decreased in the third trimester of twin pregnancies. CONCLUSION: We clarified the longitudinal hematological changes in twin pregnancies that showed augmentation of or differed from those of singleton pregnancies. It should be specifically mentioned that the WBC count markedly decreased through pregnancy after the first trimester, which is a characteristic change in twin pregnancies.

Hematological Parameters from the Feline Blood Donor to the Blood Unit: What Changes Are to Be Expected?

Feline blood donation requires sedation to allow for good blood collection, avoiding venous damage and unnecessary donor stress. In the present study, we describe the variation of hematological parameters in a population of 74 healthy blood-donor cats that underwent the same sedation protocol, including medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol. Changes in hematological parameters were evaluated in blood samples collected from conscious cats (group A), sedated cats (group B), and feline whole-blood units (FBUs) (group C). Significant differences were observed between unsedated and sedated cats: the mean RBC count, HGB, HCT, and RDW were significantly lower in sedated cats than in conscious ones, with a difference of 17.95%, 18.42%, 28.21%, and 10.00%, respectively. In accordance with previously reported data, our results confirm that sedation is a critical procedure in cats that can affect most of the hematological parameters. The second finding of our study is that no significant differences for the main hematological parameters were observed between sedated cats and FBUs, thus suggesting that the dilution with the conservative-anticoagulant solution exert negligible effects on these parameters with respect to samples of sedated animals. This hematological change must be taken into consideration since such parameters are important to define the quality of FBUs.

A Study on the Hematologic Changes of Workers Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents / 대한산업의학회지

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents and to search the organic solvent that bring out these changes. The study participants were 1,605 workers, consisting 1,088 workers (male 989, female 99) exposed to mixed organic solvents and 517 non-exposed workers (male 431, female 86). The authors analyzed the results of complete blood count and differential count of leukocytes of all the workers and examined all of the material safety data sheets of substances with which they dealt and the results of their working environmental surveys during the last 3 years. The results were as follows: 1. The mean values of complete blood count in workers exposed to mixed organic solvents were lower than that of non-exposed workers in WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit in cases of male and RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit in cases of female, but the mean value of platelet count in male exposed workers and WBC count in female exposed workers were higher than those of non-exposed workers. 2. The distribution of differential count of leukocytes showed no difference between exposed workers and non-exposed workers. 3. The correlation coefficients between age and duration of employment and WBC showed statistically a positive value and that between age and duration of employment and RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit showed a statistically negative value in cases of male exposed to mixed organic solvents. But in cases of female there was no statistical correlation between them. 4. In cases of male the proportions of workers with subnormal levels of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet according to the standard of classification were high or than those of non-exposed workers. The proportions of exposed workers were 3.6 %, 18.6 %, 5.3 %, 32.7 % and 1.4 % respectively and those of non-exposes workers were 2.8 %, 10.7 %, 2.1 %, 13.9 % and 0.2 % respectively. 5. In cased of female the proportion of workers with subnormal levels of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit according to the standard of classification were higher than those of non exposed workers. The proportion of exposed workers were 42.4 %, 55.6 % and 41.4 % respectively and those of non-exposed workers were 10.5 %, 11.6 % and 8.1 % respectively. 6. The number of substances with which workers exposed to mixed organic solvents dealt were about 500, and 22 organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate were main components of substances according to the material safety data sheet and working environmental surveys during the last 3 years. The authors suspect 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate of the organic solvents, which bring out the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents. As a result of this study, the authors confirmed the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents and recommend : strict management of working environment, working time and the protective equipments of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents.

A Study on the Hematologic Changes of Workers Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents / 대한산업의학회지

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents and to search the organic solvent that bring out these changes. The study participants were 1,605 workers, consisting 1,088 workers (male 989, female 99) exposed to mixed organic solvents and 517 non-exposed workers (male 431, female 86). The authors analyzed the results of complete blood count and differential count of leukocytes of all the workers and examined all of the material safety data sheets of substances with which they dealt and the results of their working environmental surveys during the last 3 years. The results were as follows: 1. The mean values of complete blood count in workers exposed to mixed organic solvents were lower than that of non-exposed workers in WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit in cases of male and RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit in cases of female, but the mean value of platelet count in male exposed workers and WBC count in female exposed workers were higher than those of non-exposed workers. 2. The distribution of differential count of leukocytes showed no difference between exposed workers and non-exposed workers. 3. The correlation coefficients between age and duration of employment and WBC showed statistically a positive value and that between age and duration of employment and RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit showed a statistically negative value in cases of male exposed to mixed organic solvents. But in cases of female there was no statistical correlation between them. 4. In cases of male the proportions of workers with subnormal levels of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet according to the standard of classification were high or than those of non-exposed workers. The proportions of exposed workers were 3.6 %, 18.6 %, 5.3 %, 32.7 % and 1.4 % respectively and those of non-exposes workers were 2.8 %, 10.7 %, 2.1 %, 13.9 % and 0.2 % respectively. 5. In cased of female the proportion of workers with subnormal levels of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit according to the standard of classification were higher than those of non exposed workers. The proportion of exposed workers were 42.4 %, 55.6 % and 41.4 % respectively and those of non-exposed workers were 10.5 %, 11.6 % and 8.1 % respectively. 6. The number of substances with which workers exposed to mixed organic solvents dealt were about 500, and 22 organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate were main components of substances according to the material safety data sheet and working environmental surveys during the last 3 years. The authors suspect 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate of the organic solvents, which bring out the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents. As a result of this study, the authors confirmed the hematological changes of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents and recommend : strict management of working environment, working time and the protective equipments of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents.