Diagnóstico prenatal ultrasonográfico de hemivértebra / Prenatal Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Hemivertebrae

Introducción: La hemivértebra es un raro defecto congénito de la columna vertebral fetal en la que solo se desarrolla el cuerpo vertebral de un lado, lo cual provoca su deformidad. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con diagnóstico ecográfico tridimensional prenatal de hemivértebra, como único defecto. Método: Se realizó evaluación ecográfica prenatal y examen anátomo patológico y radiológico posmortem al feto con escoliosis congénita provocado por hemivértebra. Se revisó la literatura sobre este defecto congénito, su diagnóstico prenatal y otros aspectos genéticos que deben tenerse en cuenta para el asesoramiento a la familia. Presentación de caso: Gestante de 28 años remitida a la consulta provincial de Genética Médica en la ciudad de Camagüey, Cuba, el 25 de septiembre del 2018, por sospecha ultrasonográfica de hemivértebra fetal con 20 semanas de gestación. Se confirma diagnóstico a esta instancia, mediante ultrasonografía tridimensional. Con el consentimiento familiar informado se realiza interrupción de la gestación y se comprueba el diagnóstico prenatal realizado por estudios radiológicos y anátomo patológico de la región dorso lumbar. Conclusiones: Se concluye como un defecto congénito múltiple, aislado, de posible etiología multifactorial. Se destacó el valor de la ecografía tridimensional, vista sagital coronal, como método no invasivo más empleado para el diagnóstico prenatal(AU)

Introduction: The hemivertebrae is a rare congenital defect of the fetal spine in which only the vertebral body develops on one side, resulting in deformity. Objective: To present a case with three-dimensional prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of hemivertebrae, as the only defect. Method: Prenatal ultrasound evaluation, postmortem anatomopathological and radiological examination were performed in a fetus with congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebrae. The literature on this congenital defect, the prenatal diagnosis and other genetic aspects that should be taken into account for family counseling was reviewed. Case report: A 28-year-old pregnant woman referred to the provincial office of Medical Genetics in Camagüey, Cuba, on September 25, 2018, due to ultrasonographic suspicion of fetal hemivertebrae. She was 20 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis is confirmed by three-dimensional ultrasonography. After the informed family consent, the pregnancy was interrupted. The prenatal diagnosis was verified by radiological and pathological studies of the lumbar back region. Conclusions: It is concluded as a multiple congenital defect, isolated, of possible multifactorial etiology. The value of three-dimensional ultrasound, coronal sagittal view, was highlighted as the most commonly used, non-invasive method for prenatal diagnosis(AU)

Hemivertebrae: a comprehensive review of embryology, imaging, classification, and management.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to comprehensively review hemivertebrae in regard to their classification, embryology, etiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and management of this developmental anomaly. METHODS: This subject review of hemivertebrae was composed after conducting a thorough review of the available literature on this topic using PubMed and other standard search engines. RESULTS: Hemivertebrae are incomplete vertebral column segments that can result in congenital scoliosis and be associated with a range of other structural anomalies. Presentations may differ and based on location and classification, treatments may vary. CONCLUSION: Hemivertebrae are structural anomalies of the vertebral column that can potentially disrupt the spine's normal curvature. Their clinical impact depends on factors such as degree of segmentation and concurrence with other structural anomalies. It is hoped that this review will provide the clinician who treats patients with hemivertebrae a resource in better understanding this finding and its subsequent pathological effects.

Hemivértebra em cães – Revisão de literatura / Hemivertebrae in dogs – Literature review

Hemivértebras são anomalias congênitas encontradas mais frequentemente em cães braquicefálicos com cauda helicoidal. Representam em torno de 7% das alterações em coluna relatadas em literatura. Ocorrem mais comumente na região da coluna tóraco-lombar, causando sintomas de lesão de neurônio motor superior em membros pélvicos. Os cães podem apresentar sintomatologia desde filhotes com progressão durante o crescimento. O diagnóstico é efetuado com base nos sintomas, exame físico e exames de imagem. O tratamento pode ser conservativo em animais sem progressão dos sintomas, porém, em animais com a progressão destes, o mais indicado, atualmente, é a estabilização cirúrgica, com ou sem descompressão medular.

Hemivertebrae are congenital anomalies found most often in brachiocephalic dogs with helical tails. These anomalies represent around 7 % of the spinal alterations reported in the literature. They occur most commonly in the thoracolumbar region of the spine, causing symptoms of upper motor neuron damage in hind limbs. Dogs may display symptoms early in life which progress during growth. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies. Treatment may be conservative in animals whose symptoms do not progress, but in animals whose symptoms progress, the treatment currently most indicated is surgical stabilization, with or without spinal decompression.

Hemivértebra em cães Revisão de literatura / Hemivertebrae in dogs Literature review

Hemivértebras são anomalias congênitas encontradas mais frequentemente em cães braquicefálicos com cauda helicoidal. Representam em torno de 7% das alterações em coluna relatadas em literatura. Ocorrem mais comumente na região da coluna tóraco-lombar, causando sintomas de lesão de neurônio motor superior em membros pélvicos. Os cães podem apresentar sintomatologia desde filhotes com progressão durante o crescimento. O diagnóstico é efetuado com base nos sintomas, exame físico e exames de imagem. O tratamento pode ser conservativo em animais sem progressão dos sintomas, porém, em animais com a progressão destes, o mais indicado, atualmente, é a estabilização cirúrgica, com ou sem descompressão medular.(AU)

Hemivertebrae are congenital anomalies found most often in brachiocephalic dogs with helical tails. These anomalies represent around 7 % of the spinal alterations reported in the literature. They occur most commonly in the thoracolumbar region of the spine, causing symptoms of upper motor neuron damage in hind limbs. Dogs may display symptoms early in life which progress during growth. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies. Treatment may be conservative in animals whose symptoms do not progress, but in animals whose symptoms progress, the treatment currently most indicated is surgical stabilization, with or without spinal decompression.(AU)