Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 57
Filter
1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(6): 863-874, dic. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558412

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction : Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis of universal distribution, highly endemic in the Americas. It is caused by a dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. It affects both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals where progressive and disseminated forms are observed. A very important risk factor is HIV infection/AIDS, with a mortality rate of 20-40% in Latin America. The diagnosis of this mycosis is made by conventional and molecular methods or by antigen and antibody detection. Methods : In this retrospective, longitudinal and ana lytical study, carried out over a period of 2 years, the sensitivity (S) and specificity (E) of a commercial kit for the detection of Histoplasma antigen by EIA technique (HC-Ag) was evaluated in 50 patients with AIDS-associated histoplasmosis. In addition, its performance was compared with that of other diagnostic techniques routinely used in our laboratory. Results : HC-Ag had a S of 94%, E 96%, positive likeli hood coefficient (CVP): 20.68 and negative likelihood coefficient (CVN): 0.06. The delay time of the results was 4 days, similar to that of antibody detection and n-PCR and much less than that of blood cultures. The combination of methods improved S to 100%; with simi lar values in E. Conclusion : The HC-Ag method demonstrated its usefulness in the diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and the combination of methods is a good option to increase sensitivity and decrease the time to reach the diagnosis of certainty. This allows improv ing the strategy in the management of the disease and decreasing its case-fatality rate.


Resumen Introducción : La histoplasmosis es una micosis sis témica de distribución universal, altamente endémica en las Américas. Es causada por un hongo dimórfico: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Afecta tanto a inmunocompetentes como a inmunocomprometidos, se observan formas progresivas y diseminadas. Un factor de riesgo muy importante es la infección por HIV/sida, con una tasa de mortalidad del 20-40% en América Latina. El diagnóstico de esta micosis se realiza por métodos convencionales y moleculares o por detección de antígenos y anticuerpos. Métodos : En este estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y analítico, realizado en un periodo de 2 años, se evaluó la sensibilidad (S) y especificidad (E) de un kit comercial para la detección de antígeno de Histoplasma por técnica de EIA (HC-Ag) en 50 pacientes con histoplasmosis aso ciada a sida. Además, se comparó su rendimiento con el de otras técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas habitualmente en nuestro laboratorio. Resultados : HC-Ag tuvo una S del 94%, E del 96%, coeficiente de verosimilitud positiva (CVP) de 20.68 y coeficiente de verosimilitud negativa (CVN) de 0.06. El tiempo de demora de los resultados fue de 4 días, simi lar al de la detección de anticuerpos y n-PCR y mucho menor que el de los hemocultivos. La combinación de métodos mejoró la S a 100%; con valores similares en E. Conclusión : El método HC-Ag demostró su utilidad en el diagnóstico de histoplasmosis diseminada progresiva y la combinación de métodos es una buena opción para aumentar la sensibilidad y disminuir el tiempo para llegar al diagnóstico de certeza. Esto permite mejorar la estrategia en el manejo de la enfermedad y reducir su tasa de letalidad.

2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36759058

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: With the widespread introduction of conjugate meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines, the prevalence and etiology of invasive bacterial infections have changed. We aimed to review all cases of bacteremia in a level II pediatric department over a ten-year period in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. METHODS: We reviewed all positive blood cultures (BC) obtained in our department between 2007 and 2016. Results were classified as contaminants, potential pathogens or confirmed pathogens, based on species, number of positive BC in the episode and the patients' medical history. Demographic and clinical data were collected for patients with identified pathogens. RESULTS: A total of 638 positive BC were identified (6.6% of total BC); 120 (1.2%) were considered to represent true bacteremia. The most frequently identified microorganism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.2%), with a decrease in the number of cases between 2008 and 2015. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common organism (19.2%) being 21.7% of these methicillin-resistant. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate in children aged less than three months. CONCLUSION: We found a rate of true bacteremia in children similar to recent studies. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common microorganism, its prevalence may be declining. Monitoring microbiological data in children has implications in practice, particularly in local antibiotic prescription.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Pneumococcal Infections , Humans , Infant , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Child, Preschool
3.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 98(2): 92-98, feb. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-215333

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La sepsis neonatal de inicio precoz puede causar morbimortalidad importante, sobre todo si se retrasa su identificación. La disminución de su incidencia en las últimas décadas motiva que sea importante encontrar un equilibrio entre reducir las pruebas complementarias y seguir detectando los pacientes afectos. Comparamos 3 estrategias de detección en pacientes con factores de riesgo: E1. Cribado analítico; E2. Calculadora de riesgo de sepsis neonatal; E3. Observación clínica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, en recién nacidos con edad gestacional ≥34 semanas y con factores de riesgo o sintomatología compatible con sepsis neonatal de inicio precoz. Se analizaron los resultados de nuestra unidad con cribado analítico (E1) y se comparó con las otras 2 estrategias (E2 y E3) para valorar modificar nuestro protocolo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 754 pacientes cuyos factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la rotura prologada de membranas (35,5%) y la colonización materna por Streptococcus agalactiae (38,5%). Las E2 y E3 disminuirían la realización de analíticas (E1 56,8% de los pacientes; E2 9,9%; E3 22,4%; p<0,01), los ingresos hospitalarios (E1 11%; E2 6,9%; E3 7,9%; p<0,01) y la administración de antibioterapia (E1 8,6%; E2 6,7%; E3 6,4%; p<0,01). Trece pacientes se diagnosticaron de sepsis, las cuales se hubieran detectado con E2 y E3, salvo un paciente con bacteriemia asintomática por Enterococcusfaecalis. Ningún paciente con clínica leve y autolimitada en que no se inició antibioterapia, se diagnosticó posteriormente de sepsis. Conclusiones: La observación clínica estrecha parece una opción segura y podría disminuir la realización de pruebas complementarias, la tasa de hospitalización y el uso de antibioterapia innecesaria. Mantener una conducta expectante en pacientes con sintomatología leve y autolimitada en las primeras horas de vida parece no relacionarse con la no identificación de sepsis. (AU)


Introduction: Early-onset neonatal sepsis can cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially if it is not detected early. Given the decrease in its incidence in the past few decades, it is important to find a balance between reducing the use of diagnostic tests and continuing to detect affected patients. We compared 3 detection strategies in patients with risk factors (RFs) for infection: laboratory screening (S1), the neonatal sepsis risk calculator (S2) and clinical observation (S3). Patients and methods: Retrospective observational study in neonates born at 34 weeks or gestation or later and with RFs or symptoms compatible with early-onset neonatal sepsis. We analysed outcomes in our unit with the use of laboratory screening (S1) and compared them with the other two strategies (S2 and S3) to contemplate whether to modify our protocol. Results: The study included 754 patients, and the most frequent RFs were prolonged rupture of membranes (35.5%) and maternal colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae (38.5%). Strategies S2 and S3 would decrease the performance of laboratory tests (S1, 56.8% of patients; S2, 9.9%; S3, 22.4%; P<.01), hospital admissions (S1, 11%; S2, 6.9%; S3, 7.9%; P<.01) and the use of antibiotherapy (S1, 8.6%; S2, 6.7%; S3, 6.4%; P<.01). Sepsis was diagnosed in 13 patients, and it would have been detected with S2 and S3 except in 1 patient who had asymptomatic bacteriemia by Enterococcusfaecalis. No patient with mild and self-limited symptoms in whom antibiotherapy was not started received a diagnosis of sepsis later on. Conclusions: Close clinical observation seems to be a safe option and could reduce the use of diagnostic tests, hospital admission and unnecessary antibiotherapy. The watchful waiting approach in patients with mild and self-limiting symptoms in the first hours post birth does not appear to be associated with failure to identify sepsis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Neonatal Sepsis/drug therapy , Neonatal Screening , Retrospective Studies , Blood Culture , Anti-Bacterial Agents
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(2): 85-91, Feb. 2023. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-215776

ABSTRACT

Introduction: With the widespread introduction of conjugate meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines, the prevalence and etiology of invasive bacterial infections have changed. We aimed to review all cases of bacteremia in a level II pediatric department over a ten-year period in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Methods: We reviewed all positive blood cultures (BC) obtained in our department between 2007 and 2016. Results were classified as contaminants, potential pathogens or confirmed pathogens, based on species, number of positive BC in the episode and the patients’ medical history. Demographic and clinical data were collected for patients with identified pathogens. Results: A total of 638 positive BC were identified (6.6% of total BC); 120 (1.2%) were considered to represent true bacteremia. The most frequently identified microorganism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.2%), with a decrease in the number of cases between 2008 and 2015. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common organism (19.2%) being 21.7% of these methicillin-resistant. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate in children aged less than three months. Conclusion: We found a rate of true bacteremia in children similar to recent studies. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common microorganism, its prevalence may be declining. Monitoring microbiological data in children has implications in practice, particularly in local antibiotic prescription.(AU)


Introducción: Con la introducción generalizada de las vacunas conjugadas meningocócicas y neumocócicas, la prevalencia y la etiología de las infecciones bacterianas invasivas han cambiado. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar todos los casos de bacteriemia en un departamento de pediatría de nivel II durante un período de 10 años en la era de la vacuna conjugada posneumocócica. Métodos: Revisamos todos los hemocultivos (HC) positivos obtenidos en nuestro departamento entre 2007 y 2016. Los resultados se clasificaron como contaminantes, patógenos potenciales o patógenos confirmados, según la especie, el número de HC positivos en el episodio y la historia clínica de los pacientes. Se recopilaron datos demográficos y clínicos de pacientes con patógenos identificados. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 638 HC positivos (6,6% del total de HC); se consideró que 120 (1,2%) representaban una bacteriemia verdadera. El microorganismo identificado con mayor frecuencia fue Streptococcus pneumoniae (29,2%), con una disminución en el número de casos entre 2008 y 2015. Staphylococcus aureus fue el segundo aislado más común (19,2%); El 21,7% eran resistentes a la meticilina. Escherichia coli fue el aislado más común en niños menores de 3 meses. Conclusión: Encontramos una tasa de bacteriemia verdadera similar a la de estudios recientes. Aunque el Streptococcus pneumoniae sigue siendo el microorganismo más común, su prevalencia puede estar disminuyendo. El seguimiento de datos microbiológicos como este tiene implicaciones en la práctica, especialmente en la prescripción local de antibióticos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Meningococcal Vaccines , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Blood Culture , Sepsis , Pediatrics , Microbiology , Communicable Diseases
5.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 98(2): 92-98, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36710085

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) can cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially if it is not detected early. Given the decrease in its incidence in the past few decades, it is important to find a balance between reducing the use of diagnostic tests and continuing to detect affected patients. We compared 3 detection strategies in patients with risk factors (RFs) for infection: laboratory screening (S1), the Neonatal Sepsis Risk Calculator (S2) and clinical observation (S3). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study in neonates born at 34 weeks of gestation or later and with RFs or symptoms compatible with EONS. We analysed outcomes in our unit with the use of laboratory screening (S1) and compared them with the other two strategies (S2 and S3) to contemplate whether to modify our protocol. RESULTS: The study included 754 patients, and the most frequent RFs were prolonged rupture of membranes (35.5%) and maternal colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae (38.5%). Strategies S2 and S3 would decrease the performance of laboratory tests (S1, 56.8% of patients; S2, 9.9%; S3, 22.4%; P < 0.01), hospital admissions (S1, 11%; S2, 6.9%; S3, 7.9%; P < 0.01) and the use of antibiotherapy (S1, 8.6%; S2, 6.7%; S3, 6.4%; P < 0.01). Sepsis was diagnosed in 13 patients, and it would have been detected with S2 and S3 except in 1 patient who had asymptomatic bacteriemia by Enterococcus faecalis. No patient with mild and self-limited symptoms in whom antibiotherapy was not started received a diagnosis of sepsis later on. CONCLUSION: Close clinical observation seems to be a safe option and could reduce the use of diagnostic tests, hospital admission and unnecessary antibiotherapy. The watchful waiting approach in patients with mild and self-limiting symptoms in the first hours post birth does not appear to be associated with failure to identify sepsis.


Subject(s)
Neonatal Sepsis , Sepsis , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Neonatal Sepsis/drug therapy , Neonatal Sepsis/epidemiology , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Acta pediátr. hondu ; 13(1): 1312-1316, abr.-sept. 2022. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1551348

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La sepsis neonatal representa un desa- fío para los Servicios de Neonatología en el mundo, a pesar de los avances en estudios diagnósticos y te- rapia antimicrobiana, más del 46% de las muertes en menores de 5 años corresponden al periodo neo- natal, y dentro de ese porcentaje 15% es por sepsis. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores de riesgo aso- ciados a sepsis neonatal en los recién nacidos ingre- sados en UCIN (Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos), en área de Cuidados Mínimos del Instituto Hondu- reño de Seguridad Social, de enero a junio del 2022. Pacientes y Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo, se estudiaron a 100 neonatos con el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal ingresados en UCIN en área de cuidados mínimos, muestreo no probabilísti- co a conveniencia, con revisión de expedientes clínicos y aplicación de consentimiento informado a padre y/o tutor. Resultados: El 57% tenían entre 1 ­ 24 horas de vida al ingreso, 65.0% de género masculino, un 93.0% de raza mestiza y un 7% de raza negra. El 83.0% de las madres eran primigestas, con antecedente de infección urinaria en un 70.0% durante el tercer trimestre de ges- tación y el 15.5% con antecedente de infecciones vagi- nales. Un 7.8% con ruptura prematura de membranas, 3.9% corioamnionitis, 6.49% fiebre intraparto y 10.0% con infecciones respiratorias maternas. La fiebre fue el signo de sepsis predominante en todos los pacientes.Conclusiones: Madre entre 26-35 años, ser primípara, tener menos de tres controles prenatales durante su ges- tación se consideran factores de riesgo para sepsis neo- natal con una relación estadísticamente significativa ...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Colonic Polyps , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Demography , Rectal Prolapse
7.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(4): 183-186, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35473989

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The reasons for the decrease in blood cultures were investigated and the rate and aetiology of bacteremia and contaminated blood cultures collected from COVID and non-COVID patients were assessed. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in Spain during the COVID period from 4th March 2020 to 21st June 2020. RESULTS: The number of blood cultures processed was 5313, representing 22.7% and 18.8% of decrease compared to the same months of 2019 and 2018, respectively (p=0.173). The rate of bacteremia was 1.2% higher among COVID-patients than among non-COVID patients (p<0.001). COVID patients had a higher proportion of nosocomial bacteremia (95.5%) than non-COVID patients (30.5%) (p<0.001). In COVID-positive patients, the contamination rate was 12.3% vs 5.7% in non-COVID patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in the number of blood cultures collected during the COVID period compared to previous years. Bacteremia in COVID patients was mainly nosocomial and catheter-related.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , COVID-19 , Cross Infection , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/etiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Humans , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers
8.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(4): 1-4, Abril, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203482

ABSTRACT

IntroductionThe reasons for the decrease in blood cultures were investigated and the rate and aetiology of bacteremia and contaminated blood cultures collected from COVID and non-COVID patients were assessed.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in Spain during the COVID period from 4th March 2020 to 21st June 2020.ResultsThe number of blood cultures processed was 5313, representing 22.7% and 18.8% of decrease compared to the same months of 2019 and 2018, respectively (p=0.173). The rate of bacteremia was 1.2% higher among COVID-patients than among non-COVID patients (p<0.001). COVID patients had a higher proportion of nosocomial bacteremia (95.5%) than non-COVID patients (30.5%) (p<0.001). In COVID-positive patients, the contamination rate was 12.3% vs 5.7% in non-COVID patients (p<0.001).ConclusionThere was a decrease in the number of blood cultures collected during the COVID period compared to previous years. Bacteremia in COVID patients was mainly nosocomial and catheter-related.


IntroducciónInvestigar la causa de la disminución de los hemocultivos recibidos y evaluar la tasa y la etiología de la bacteriemia y la contaminación de los hemocultivos extraídos en pacientes con COVID-19 y sin COVID-19.MétodosEstudio retrospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel en España durante el periodo de COVID-19 del 4 de marzo al 21 de junio de 2020.ResultadosSe procesaron 5.313 hemocultivos, representando una disminución del 22,7 y 18,8% respecto de los mismos meses de 2019 y 2018 (p = 0,173). La tasa de bacteriemia fue 1,2% superior en pacientes con COVID-19 (p < 0,001). Los pacientes positivos en COVID-19 tenían una mayor proporción de bacteriemia nosocomial (95,5%) que los pacientes sin COVID-19 (30,5%) (p < 0,001). En pacientes positivos en COVID-19, la tasa de contaminación fue del 12,3 vs. 5,7% en pacientes sin COVID-19 (p < 0,001).ConclusiónDurante el periodo de COVID-19 disminuyó el número de hemocultivos recibidos, en comparación con años anteriores. La bacteriemia en pacientes con COVID-19 fue principalmente nosocomial y se asoció con el catéter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Sciences , Bacteremia , Betacoronavirus , Pandemics , Spain , Blood Specimen Collection , Patients , Microbiology , Communicable Diseases
9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408435

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los mapas microbiológicos se consideran un marcador epidemiológico pues resumen estadísticamente las bacterias circulantes y su comportamiento frente a los antibióticos en uso. Permiten establecer una política de antibióticos que garantiza el uso más racional de los antimicrobianos y disminuye el riesgo de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivos: Identificar las bacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia a partir de cultivos microbiológicos de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología durante el año 2020 y determinar la resistencia de las bacterias más frecuentes a los antimicrobianos ensayados, con vista a establecer el primer mapa microbiológico de la institución. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal que incluyó los cultivos de pacientes hospitalizados durante el año 2020. La identificación bacteriana se realizó según métodos convencionales y para determinar los perfiles de resistencia se empleó el método de Bauer-Kirby. Resultados: El hemocultivo fue el estudio microbiológico más indicado con una positividad de 32,80 por ciento. Predominaron las bacterias Gram negativas (81,71 por ciento), siendo las más identificadas Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. y Escherichia coli. Entre las bacterias Gram positivas predominó Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa negativa. Se obtuvieron elevados porcentajes de resistencia frente a casi todos los antimicrobianos evaluados. Conclusiones: La realización del mapa microbiológico de la institución permite actualizar la política de uso de los antimicrobianos al identificar a los bacilos Gram negativos, con elevados porcentajes de resistencia, como los principales agentes etiológicos de las infecciones registradas en este centro de salud durante el año 2020(AU)


Introduction: Microbiological maps are considered an epidemiological marker as statistically summarize circulating bacteria and their behavior against antibiotics in use. They allow establishing an antibiotic policy that guarantees the most rational use of antimicrobials and decreases the risk of bacterial resistance. Objectives: Identify the isolated bacteria with more frequency from microbiological crops of hospitalized patients in the Institute of Hematology and Immunology during the year 2020 and determine the resistance of the most frequent bacteria to the antimicrobials tested, with a view to establishing the first microbiological map of the institution. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed that included cultures of patients hospitalized during the year 2020. Bacterial identification was carried out according to conventional methods and to determine the resistance profiles was used by the Bauer-Kirby method. Results: The blood culture was the most indicated microbiological study with 32.80 percent positivity. The Gram negative bacteria predominated (81.71percent), being the most identified Pseudomona spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. Among the Gram positive bacteria predominate Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative. High percentages of resistance were obtained in front of almost all antimicrobials evaluated. Conclusions: The completion of the institutional microbiological map allows updating the antimicrobial use policy by identifying the Gram negative bacilli, with high percentages of resistance, as the main etiological agents of the infections registered in this health center during 2020(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Centers , Allergy and Immunology , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Hematology , Anti-Infective Agents
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(5): 678-687, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388301

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: Los biomarcadores actuales para el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal tienen una exactitud limitada. El desarrollo de la medicina de precisión basada en tecnologías ómicas ofrece una oportunidad para mejorar el diagnóstico de la sepsis neonatal. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad de las pruebas basadas en tecnologías ómicas (metabolómica, proteómica y genómica/transcriptómica) para el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en bases de datos electrónicas. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y ensayos clínicos que evaluaran las pruebas basadas en tecnologías ómicas en neonatos comparado con el cultivo para el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. Dos revisores independientes realizaron la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios y la extracción de los datos. Para el metaanálisis se realizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios y se planeó una evaluación de la heterogeneidad a través de un análisis de subgrupos por prueba ómica, edad gestacional y tiempo de establecimiento de la sepsis. RESULTADOS: Se observa expresión diferencial del genoma, proteoma y metaboloma entre los neonatos con y sin sepsis, identificando diferentes biomarcadores. El metaanálisis mostró una medida de resumen combinada para la sensibilidad de 0,88 (IC 95% 0,72-0,96), especificidad de 0,76 (IC 95% 0,62-0,85). CONCLUSIÓN: Las pruebas basadas en ómicas tienen una alta sensibilidad, siendo las de mejor rendimiento las basadas en genómica/transcriptómica. Los estudios tienen alta heterogeneidad.


BACKGROUND: Current biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis llave limited accuracy. The development of precision medicine based on omic's technologies offer an opportunity to improve the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. AIM: To evalúate the sensitivity and specificity of tests based on omic technologies (metabolomics, proteomics and genomics) for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out in electronic databases. Observational studies and clinical trials evaluating tests based on omic technologies in neonates compared to culture for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were included. For the meta-analysis, a random effects model and an evaluation of heterogeneity were proposed through a subgroup analysis by omic test, gestational age and time of establishment of sepsis. RESULTS: Differential expression of the genome, proteome and metabolome is observed between neonates with and without sepsis, identifying different biomarkers. The meta-analysis showed a pooled summary measure for sensitivity of0.88 (95% CI 0.72, 0.96), specificity of0.76 (95% CI 0.62, 0.85). CONCLUSION: Omics-based tests have a high sensitivity, with the best performing ones being those based on genomics / transcriptomics. The studies have high heterogeneity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Biomarkers , Gestational Age , Sepsis/diagnosis , Precision Medicine
11.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34275687

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: With the widespread introduction of conjugate meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines, the prevalence and etiology of invasive bacterial infections have changed. We aimed to review all cases of bacteremia in a level II pediatric department over a ten-year period in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. METHODS: We reviewed all positive blood cultures (BC) obtained in our department between 2007 and 2016. Results were classified as contaminants, potential pathogens or confirmed pathogens, based on species, number of positive BC in the episode and the patients' medical history. Demographic and clinical data were collected for patients with identified pathogens. RESULTS: A total of 638 positive BC were identified (6.6% of total BC); 120 (1.2%) were considered to represent true bacteremia. The most frequently identified microorganism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.2%), with a decrease in the number of cases between 2008 and 2015. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common organism (19.2%) being 21.7% of these methicillin-resistant. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate in children aged less than three months. CONCLUSION: We found a rate of true bacteremia in children similar to recent studies. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common microorganism, its prevalence may be declining. Monitoring microbiological data in children has implications in practice, particularly in local antibiotic prescription.

12.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33663873

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The reasons for the decrease in blood cultures were investigated and the rate and aetiology of bacteremia and contaminated blood cultures collected from COVID and non-COVID patients were assessed. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in Spain during the COVID period from 4th March 2020 to 21st June 2020. RESULTS: The number of blood cultures processed was 5313, representing 22.7% and 18.8% of decrease compared to the same months of 2019 and 2018, respectively (p=0.173). The rate of bacteremia was 1.2% higher among COVID-patients than among non-COVID patients (p<0.001). COVID patients had a higher proportion of nosocomial bacteremia (95.5%) than non-COVID patients (30.5%) (p<0.001). In COVID-positive patients, the contamination rate was 12.3% vs 5.7% in non-COVID patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in the number of blood cultures collected during the COVID period compared to previous years. Bacteremia in COVID patients was mainly nosocomial and catheter-related.

13.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1354891

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La resistencia antimicrobiana incrementa la morbimortalidad y es un problema serio en el mundo. Objetivo: Describir la resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y Urocultivos en niños hospitalizados menores de 15 años. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo ­ retrospectivo. La identificación bacteriana se hizo con VITEK XL, la susceptibilidad antibiótica con el CLSI. Resultados: Hemocultivos: Staphylococcus hominis 12,5% resistente a la Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus epidermidis, tuvo 100% de resistencia a Oxacilina y 0% resistencia a Vancomicina. Urocultivos: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistencia a Amikacina, Gentamicina y Nitrofurantoina. La Escherichia Coli, tuvo resistencia para Amikacina 1,96%, Nitrofurantoina 3,92%. Conclusiones: E, Coli, resistencia menor de 6,25% para Amikacina y Nitrofurantoina. La Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% de resistencia para Amikacina y Gentamicina. Hemocultivos: Estafilococo epidermidis, cero resistencia a Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus hominis, resistencia menor de 12% para Vancomicina y Rifampicina.


Introduction:Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality and is a serious problem in the world. to describe the antibiotic resistance of Objective:bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children under 15 years of age. Descriptive - retrospective study. Bacterial Material and Methods:identification was made with VITEK XL, antibiotic susceptibility with CLSI. Results:Bloodcultures:Staphylococcushominis12.5%resistanttoVancomycin. Staphylococcus epidermidis had 100% resistance to Oxacillin and 0% resistance to Vancomycin. Urine cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin. Escherichia Coli, had resistance to Amikacin 1.96%, Nitrofurantoin 3.92%. E, Coli, resistance less than 6.25% for Amikacin Conclusions:andNitrofurantoin.Klebsiellapneumoniae,0%resistanceforAmikacinand Gentamicin.Bloodcultures:Staphylococcusepidermidis,zeroresistanceto Vancomycin. Staphylococcus hominis, resistance less than 12% for Vancomycin and Rifampicin.

14.
Rev. Cuerpo Méd. Hosp. Nac. Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo ; 14(1): 8-12, ene.-mar 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340677

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción. La resistencia antimicrobiana incrementa la morbimortalidad y es un problema serio en el mundo. Objetivo: Describir la resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y Urocultivos en niños hospitalizados menores de 15 años. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo - retrospectivo. La identificación bacteriana se hizo con VITEK XL, la susceptibilidad antibiótica con el CLSI. Resultados: Hemocultivos: Staphylococcus hominis 12,5% resistente a la Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus epidermidis, tuvo 100% de resistencia a Oxacilina y 0% resistencia a Vancomicina. Urocultivos: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistencia a Amikacina, Gentamicina y Nitrofurantoina. La Escherichia Coli, tuvo resistencia para Amikacina 1,96%, Nitrofurantoina 3,92%. Conclusiones: E, Coli, resistencia menor de 6,25% para Amikacina y Nitrofurantoina. La Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% de resistencia para Amikacina y Gentamicina. Hemocultivos: Estafilococo epidermidis, cero resistencia a Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus hominis, resistencia menor de 12% para Vancomicina y Rifampicina.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality and is a serious problem in the world. Objective: to describe the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children under 15 years of age. Material and Methods: Descriptive retrospective study. Bacterial identification was made with VITEK XL, antibiotic susceptibility with CLSI. Results: Blood cultures: Staphylococcus hominis 12.5% resistant to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus epidermidis had 100% resistance to Oxacillin and 0% resistance to Vancomycin. Urine cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin. Escherichia Coli, had resistance to Amikacin 1.96%, Nitrofurantoin 3.92%. Conclusions: E, Coli, resistance less than 6.25% for Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% resistance for Amikacin and Gentamicin. Blood cultures: Staphylococcus epidermidis, zero resistance to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus hominis, resistance less than 12% for Vancomycin and Rifampicin.

15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(supl.6): 44-47, dic. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250318

ABSTRACT

Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained the world's health systems, highlighting the need to optimize its clinical management and treatment. The usefulness of blood cultures in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia has not been proved. We aim to describe the diagnostic yield of early blood cultures in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in a public hospital in Buenos Aires City. This descriptive observational study included all adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Internal Medicine ward of Hospital Durand between April 1, 2020 and July 30, 2020, who had blood cultures drawn within 5 days from hospital admission. Among 267 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, 38 had early blood cultures drawn. No clinically relevant microorganism was isolated from blood and contaminant microorganisms were recovered in 7 (18.4%) patients. This study found no evidence of bacteremia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, the rate of contaminated blood cultures nearly doubles the reported in patients with community acquired pneumonia (10%), which may be explained by unfamiliarity of additional personal protective equipment worn by healthcare workers. Our results advocate against the routine indication of blood cultures upon admission to the Internal Medicine Ward of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We suggest that blood cultures could only be useful in case of clinical deterioration or suspected hospital-acquired infection.


Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha puesto en jaque a los sistemas de salud del mundo, priorizando la necesidad de optimizar su manejo clínico. Aunque los protocolos de varios hospitales de nuestro país para COVID-19 incluyen hemocultivo al ingreso, no se ha demostrado su utilidad en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19. Nuestro objetivo fue describir el rédito diagnóstico de los hemocultivos tempranos en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 en un hospital público de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Este estudio observacional descriptivo incluyó todos los pacientes adultos ingresados en la sala de Clínica Médica del Hospital Durand entre el 1 de abril y el 30 de julio de 2020, con neumonía por COVID-19 y hemocultivos realizados dentro de los 5 días del ingreso. De los 267 pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19, a 38 se les realizó hemocultivos tempranos. No se aisló ningún microorganismo clínicamente relevante en ninguno de ellos y se recuperaron microorganismos contaminantes en 7 (18.4%). Este estudio no encontró evidencia de bacteriemia en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19. Además, la tasa de hemocultivos contaminados casi duplicó la tasa en pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, lo que probablemente se deba a la falta de familiaridad de equipos de protección personal adicional utilizado por el personal de salud. Nuestros resultados abogan en contra de la realización rutinaria de hemocultivos al ingreso de pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19. Sugerimos que los hemocultivos solo sean utilizados ante el deterioro clínico o la sospecha de infección intrahospitalaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Pneumonia/diagnosis , COVID-19 , Pandemics , Blood Culture , SARS-CoV-2
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(5): 570-576, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY, UY-BNMED | ID: biblio-1144253

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es causa importante de morbimortalidad. En los últimos años se han visto cambios en la epidemiología de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y microbiológicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de EI ingresados en un hospital pediátrico de 2011 al 2018. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes bajo 15 años de edad, hospitalizados con EI en un hospital pediátrico de referencia de Uruguay. Se utilizaron cálculos de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales. Resultados: Se identificaron 11 niños, media de edad 4 años 6 meses (rango 5 meses - 13 años). Cinco sin factores de riesgo, seis con factores de riesgo: cinco con cardiopatía congénita (2 con cirugía cardíaca) y uno con catéter venoso central. En 11 se obtuvo hemocultivo previo a la antibioterapia, en 10 una sola muestra, en uno hubo dos muestras. En nueve casos se recuperó el microorganismo causal; Staphylococcus aureus en cuatro (dos cepas resistentes a meticilina), seguido de Streptococcus grupo viridans tres niños. En 10 niños se encontraron vegetaciones en el ecocardiograma, seis valvulares. El tratamiento empírico más frecuente fue ceftriaxona y vancomicina. Las complicaciones fueron falla cardiaca y embolias sépticas. Cinco niños requirieron cirugía cardíaca. Falleció un paciente. Conclusiones: Se observó un aumento de EI en niños sin cardiopatía, por tanto, es necesario tener alta sospecha clínica en pacientes febriles. Importante es realizar hemocultivos previos al inicio de la antibioterapia y contemplar una cobertura contra Staphylococcus aureus en la terapia empírica inicial.


Abstract Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent years there have been changes in the epidemiology of this disease. Aim: To describe epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of IE admitted to a pediatric hospital from 2011 to 2018. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Children under 15 years of age hospitalized with IE in a reference pediatric hospital in Uruguay were included. Calculations of measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: 11 children were identified, mean age 4 years 6 months (range 5 months - 13 years). Five without risk factors, 6 with risk factors: 5 congenital heart disease (2 with cardiac surgery) and 1 central venous catheter. In 11 blood cultures were obtained prior to antibiotics, 10 a single sample, 1 with two samples. In 9 cases a microorganism was isolated. The most frequent was Staphylococcus aureus 4 children (2 methicillin resistant), followed by group viridans Streptococcus 3 children. In 10 children vegetations were found in the echocardiogram, 6 valvular. The most frequent empirical treatment was ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Complications were heart failure and septic emboli. 5 children required heart surgery. One patient died. Conclusions: An increase of IE in children without heart disease has been observed, then, it is necessary to have high clinical suspicion in febrile patients. It is important to perform blood cultures prior to the start of antibiotics and to consider coverage against Staphylococcus aureus in empirical initial treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Uruguay/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
17.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 61(1): [9], jul. 2020. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LIBOCS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1118905

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: informar acerca de un caso de endocarditis bacteriana. Paciente varón de 34 años de edad, con único antecedente de rinitis alérgica con tratamiento irregular. Él es procedente de Valparaiso Chile, se encuentra en sus vacaciones en la ciudad de La Paz, acude al servicio de medicina interna ­ emergencias, con clínica compatible con edema agudo de pulmón de la altura y edema cerebral de la altura, asociado a sepsis de foco pulmonar, que progresa a choque séptico, durante su internación intercurre con alzas térmicas continuas, asociado a hallazgo ecocardiográfico de vegetación en ventrículo derecho con hemocultivo positivo, por lo que se llega al diagnóstico de endocarditis bacteriana, se realizó el tratamiento correspondiente, y resolución del cuadro.


OBJECTIVE: to report a case of bacterial endocarditis A 34-year-old male patient with a unique history of allergic rhinitis with irregular treatment. He comes from Valparaiso Chile, is on vacation in the city of La Paz, goes to the service of internal medicine - emergencies with compatible clinical with acute pulmonary edema of height and cerebral edema of height, associated with sepsis of focus pulmonary disease, which progresses to septic shock, during internment with continuous hyperthermia, associated vegetation in right ventricle for echocardiography, also positive blood culture, so that a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis is reached, Corresponding treatment was carried out, and resolution of pathology..


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Pulmonary Edema , Shock, Septic , Endocarditis, Bacterial , Pathology , Echocardiography , Lung
18.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 49(2): e292, abr.-jun. 2020. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1138998

ABSTRACT

Introducción: A partir de los años 50, la presentación clínica clásica de la endocarditis infecciosa ha variado. Debido al uso de antibióticos, drogas ilícitas, catéteres venosos, etc., las manifestaciones tradicionales no son frecuentes. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con endocarditis infecciosa y comentar las manifestaciones embolígenas, así como las medidas preventivas con las nuevas técnicas. Caso clínico: Enfermo con insuficiencia renal crónica, diabético, hipertenso, con catéter venoso central, que presentó, después de una sección de hemodiálisis; escalofríos intensos, fiebre de 39,5 0C, cefalea intensa, toma del estado general, dolor torácico intenso punzante, tos, expectoración con sangre roja rutilante, disnea, soplo regurgitante holosistólico. Se le realizó ecocardiograma dópler que muestra múltiples vegetaciones pequeñas, hemocultivos positivos a estafilococos dorado. Fue tratado según los resultados del antibiograma durante 6 semanas y resolvió su extrema gravedad. Conclusiones: La endocarditis infecciosa puede tener manifestaciones muy diferentes al de décadas anteriores; puede aparecer como cuadro agudo fulminante por manifestaciones embólicas y sépticas múltiples(AU)


Introduction: Since the 1950s, the classical clinical presentation of infectious endocarditis (E.I) has varied. Due to the use of antibiotics, illicit drugs, venous catheters, traditional manifestations are not frequent. Objectives: To review the embolic presentation of endocarditis and pecify the preventive measures with the new techniques. Clinical case: A patient with chronic renal insufficiency, diabetic, hypertensive, with central venous catheter, intense chills, fever of 39.5 ° C, intense headache, general state, severe chest pain, cough, expectoration with bright red blood, dyspnea, holosystolic regurgitant murmur, after a section of hemodialysis. Doppler echocardiogram was performed, visualizing multiple small vegetation's, positive blood cultures to golden staphylococci, treatment according to antibiograms for 6 weeks, at the end of which the extreme severity was resolved. Comments: Infective endocarditis can have a very different behavior from previous decades; it can appear as an acute fulminating disease due to embolic, septic, multiple manifestations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chest Pain , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Renal Dialysis/instrumentation , Dyspnea/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis
19.
Kasmera ; 48(1): e48128122019, ene-jun 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103157

ABSTRACT

Para determinar la susceptibilidad a meticilina y vancomicina en cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de hemocultivos, se analizaron los registros de pacientes ingresados en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos del Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo durante el período enero 2011-diciembre 2015. Se procesaron 35.341 hemocultivos; 5.072 (14,35%) fueron positivos; en 455 (8,97%) se aislaron 96 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (21,09%), de las cuales, 78 (81,25%) fueron resistentes y 18 (18,75%), sensibles a meticilina. Todos los aislados resultaron sensibles a vancomicina. El 61,45% de las cepas expresó multirresistencia. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la frecuencia de aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus por año, edad y sexo del paciente (p > 0,05); pero si según el tipo de unidad y la presencia de co-resistencia antimicrobiana (p < 0,05). Los elevados niveles de resistencia a meticilina y la evidencia de fenotipos sensibles a vancomicina con valores elevados de concentración inhibitoria mínima (> 1 µg/ml), demandan la vigilancia sistemática del patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana a fin de guiar a los clínicos para elegir la terapia empírica adecuada, contribuyendo al reforzamiento continuo de las precauciones estándar y al establecimiento de las políticas locales de administración y regulación del uso de antimicrobianos


To determine susceptibility to methicillin and vancomycin in blood-isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood cultures, patient records entered in the Intensive Care Units of the Autonomous Hospital University Service of Maracaibo were analyzed during the period January 2011-December 2015. 35,341 blood cultures were processed; 5.072 (14,35%) were positive; in 455 (8.97%)96 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (21.09%) were isolated, of which 78 (81.25%) were resistant and 18 (18.75%), sensitive to methicillin. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. 61.45% of the strains expressed multi-resistance. No statistically significant difference in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus per year, age and sex of the patient (p > 0.05) was found; but if according to the type of unit and the presence of antimicrobial co-resistance (p ˂ 0.05). The high levels of methicillin resistance and the evidence of vancomycin-sensitive phenotypes with high minimum inhibitory concentration values (>1 µg/ml), require systematic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in order to guide clinicians to choose appropriate empirical therapy, contributing to the continuous strengthening of standard precautions and the establishment of local policies for the administration and regulation of the use of antimicrobials

20.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 38(8): 375-378, 2020 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32057553

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate a rapid method which would combine identification and susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures for Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacterales. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gram-negative rods from blood cultures were directly identified by MALDI-TOF. Samples with Enterobacterales were selected for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Vitek 2. The results were compared to those obtained with our laboratory's standard method. RESULTS: MALDI-TOF directly from blood cultures identified correctly 83% of the samples. Enterobacterales (n=68) were identified at gender and species level in 85% of blood cultures with a score >1.7. In general, MICs were obtained after 7h. MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate, amikacin and ciprofloxacin showed in almost 50% of the cases after 5h. CONCLUSIONS: A simple procedure with low cost and reduced working time makes it possible to integrate both identification and susceptibility testing directly from blood cultures. Thus, this protocol could offer advantages when it comes to selection and cost of treatment and patients' clinical outcomes.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Blood Culture , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Humans , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...