HBXIP protein overexpression predicts the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is associated with a variety of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of HBXIP expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to explore its potential as a biomarker for PDAC. METHODS: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on 126 PDAC tissues, 36 paraneoplastic tissues and 22 normal pancreatic tissues. The relationship between high levels of HBXIP expression and pathological features of PDAC patients was evaluated by chi-squared values. RESULTS: The positive rate of HBXIP protein in PDAC tissues was 85.7% (108/126), which was significantly higher than that of adjacent pancreatic tissue (41.7%, 15/36) and normal pancreas (18.2%, 4/22). In addition, strong positive expression of HBXIP was associated with tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and 80-month overall survival. Patient's age, gender, degree of differentiation, Ki-67 expression index, and calcification were, however, not associated with high levels of HBXIP expression. CONCLUSIONS: We present association between HBXIP expression and the pathological features of patients with PDAC.

Elevated HBXIP expression is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The oncoprotein hepatitis B virus X-interacting protein (HBXIP) has been suggested to play an essential role in several malignancies. However, the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of HBXIP expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize HBXIP expression and its prognostic value in ESCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to assess the mRNA and protein expression of HBXIP in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to characterize the expression pattern of HBXIP in 152 archived paraffin-embedded ESCC and matched nontumorous tissues. The mRNA and protein expression of HBXIP in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than those in adjacent nontumorous tissues. High HBXIP expression was associated with histological grade (P=0.016), depth of tumor invasion (P=0.012), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that ESCC patients with high HBXIP expression had poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that HBXIP expression remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Collectively, our present study demonstrated that HBXIP may be a candidate molecular prognostic marker for ESCC.

HBXIP suppression reduces cell proliferation and migration and its overexpression predicts poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the high expression of HBXIP has been correlated with many cancers. With evaluation of the functional role of HBXIP in non-small-cell lung cancer, the primary aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between HBXIP expression and the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The protein levels of HBXIP were detected using western blotting in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cell proliferation and migration assays were measured to evaluate the function of HBXIP in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. A total of 120 non-small-cell lung cancer patients with strict follow-up and 60 adjacent non-tumor lung tissues were selected for immunohistochemical staining of the HBXIP protein. The localization of the HBXIP protein was detected in A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cells using immunofluorescence staining. The correlation between HBXIP expression and the clinicopathological features of non-small-cell lung cancer patients was analyzed by a chi-squared and Fisher's exact test. The overall survival rates of all of the non-small-cell lung cancer patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. In function, we showed that suppression of HBXIP decreased A549 cell proliferation and migration. HBXIP protein showed a mainly cytoplasmic staining pattern in non-small-cell lung cancer using immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded non-small-cell lung cancer tissues and immunofluorescence staining in A549 cells. The HBXIP protein had strong positive staining in the non-small-cell lung cancer tissues, which was significantly higher than the percentage of adjacent non-tumor tissues. The overexpression of HBXIP was closely correlated with histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and lower overall survival rates of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that HBXIP emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor along with clinical stage in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In conclusion, a high level of expression of HBXIP is associated with the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer and may be a useful biomarker for poor prognostic evaluation and a potential molecular therapy target for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

HBXIP overexpression is correlated with the clinical features and survival outcome of ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that Mammalian hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) has broad roles in cancer. Although HBXIP is associated with a variety of cancers, the HBXIP protein expression level and its clinical significance in ovarian cancer have not yet been determined. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between HBXIP expression and the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer patients to determine whether HBXIP may be correlated with a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS: HBXIP protein expression was assessed in a well-characterized series of ovarian cancer tissue samples (n = 120) with long-term follow-up, using immunohistochemistry to determine the location pattern and expression of HBXIP in ovarian cancer. The localization of HBXIP was detected in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The relationship between high HBXIP expression and the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer patients was analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Overall survival (OS) rates of all the ovarian cancer patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: IF staining revealed strongly positive signals for HBXIP in both cytoplasm and nucleus, but mainly in the cytoplasm of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. High HBXIP expression was predominantly observed in ovarian cancer tissues but not the adjacent non-tumor ovarian tissues. The strongly positive rate of HBXIP expression was 60.0% (72/120) in ovarian cancer and was significantly higher than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (17.4%, 4/23) (P = 0.000). High HBXIP expression was positively correlated with the occurrence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.025), histological grade (P = 0.036) and clinical stage (P = 0.003). The patients with high HBXIP expression had lower overall survival (OS) rates. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that HBXIP, in addition to the clinical stage, was a significant independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: High-level expression of HBXIP is associated with the progression of ovarian cancer and may be an effective biomarker for poor prognostic evaluation as well as a potential molecular therapy target for ovarian cancer patients.