ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: After post-septoplasty nasal packing removal, a certain proportion of nasal secretion occurs, leading to local and sometimes systemic infections. Objective: The aim was to determine if standardized dry ivy leaf extract application after nasal packing removal influences the reduction of nasal secretion and diminish the occurrence of local infections. Methods: The study included 70 post-septoplasty patients (divided into two equal groups) whose nasal packing was removed on the third day after the procedure. Group I was treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup along with regular nasal irrigation for the five days after the nasal packing removal whereas the Group II had only nasal lavage. On the sixth day after nasal packing removal, the quantity of nasal secretion was determined using a visual analog scale and nasal endoscopic examination. Results: The group treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup had significantly lesser nasal secretion both by subjective patients' assessment (p < 0.001) and by nasal endoscopic examination (p = 0.003). The post-surgical follow up examination on the sixth day after nasal packing removal showed no development of local infection in the Group I, while in the Group II a local infection was evident in five patients (14.29%) and antibiotic therapy was required. Conclusion: The use of the standardized dry ivy leaf extract after nasal packing removal significantly lowers the proportion of nasal secretion.
Resumo Introdução: Após a remoção do tampão nasal pós-septoplastia, ocorre produção de secreção nasal, predispondo infecções locais e, por vezes, sistêmicas. Objetivo: O objetivo foi determinar se a aplicação do extrato padronizado de folhas de hera seca após a remoção do tampão nasal influencia a redução da secreção nasal e diminui a ocorrência de infecções locais. Método: O estudo incluiu 70 pacientes pós-septoplastia (divididos em dois grupos iguais) cujo tampão nasal foi retirado no terceiro dia após o procedimento. O grupo I foi tratado com xarope padronizado de extrato de folha seca de hera juntamente com irrigação nasal regular por cinco dias após a remoção do tamponamento nasal, enquanto ao grupo II foi recomendado apenas lavagem nasal. No sexto dia após a remoção do tampão nasal, a quantidade de secreção nasal foi determinada pela escala EVA (escala visual analógica) e pelo exame endoscópico nasal. Resultados: O grupo tratado com xarope de extrato seco de folhas de hera apresentou secreção nasal significativamente menor tanto pela avaliação subjetiva dos pacientes (p < 0,001) quanto pelo exame endoscópico nasal (p = 0,003). O exame de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico no sexto dia após a remoção do tampão nasal não mostrou desenvolvimento de infecção local nos pacientes do grupo I, enquanto que no grupo II, cinco apresentaram sinais de infecção local (14,29%) com necessidade de antibioticoterapia. Conclusão: O uso do extrato padronizado de folhas secas de hera após a remoção do tampão nasal reduz significativamente a produção de secreção nasal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Postoperative Care/methods , Rhinoplasty/methods , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Hedera/chemistry , Nasal Septum/surgery , Epistaxis/prevention & control , Nose/microbiology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Phytotherapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: After post-septoplasty nasal packing removal, a certain proportion of nasal secretion occurs, leading to local and sometimes systemic infections. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine if standardized dry ivy leaf extract application after nasal packing removal influences the reduction of nasal secretion and diminish the occurrence of local infections. METHODS: The study included 70 post-septoplasty patients (divided into two equal groups) whose nasal packing was removed on the third day after the procedure. Group I was treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup along with regular nasal irrigation for the five days after the nasal packing removal whereas the Group II had only nasal lavage. On the sixth day after nasal packing removal, the quantity of nasal secretion was determined using a visual analog scale and nasal endoscopic examination. RESULTS: The group treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup had significantly lesser nasal secretion both by subjective patients' assessment (p<0.001) and by nasal endoscopic examination (p=0.003). The post-surgical follow up examination on the sixth day after nasal packing removal showed no development of local infection in the Group I, while in the Group II a local infection was evident in five patients (14.29%) and antibiotic therapy was required. CONCLUSION: The use of the standardized dry ivy leaf extract after nasal packing removal significantly lowers the proportion of nasal secretion.
Subject(s)
Hedera/chemistry , Nasal Septum/surgery , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Postoperative Care/methods , Rhinoplasty/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Epistaxis/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nose/microbiology , Phytotherapy , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Young AdultABSTRACT
The original approach of the Hemispheric Encoding/Retrieval Asymmetry model (HERA) was aimed at the operations of encoding and retrieving episodic memories. However, whether HERA presumptions can apply to different types of stimuli (e.g., words and pictures) continues to be a matter of debate. Therefore, in order to analyse the effects of brain pre-activation on subsequent memory, HERA was tested through a hand-clenching paradigm using four types of stimuli: words, fractal images, silhouettes of common objects, and pseudowords. Results revealed that only the memory of words and pseudowords was enhanced by hand-clenching pre-activation, according to HERA predictions. Since the cognitive processes underlying recognition of verbal stimuli are considered to follow a cognitive route involving grapheme-morpheme conversion, it could be hypothesized that hand-clenching pre-activation might be associated with a selective pre-activation of the brain circuits participating in that pathway. Hence, the present work broadens possible interpretations behind the effects of hand-clenching on memory, based on the process engaged and the type of stimulus to be remembered.
Subject(s)
Brain Mapping/psychology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Memory, Episodic , Recognition, Psychology/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Cerebrum/physiology , Cognition , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mental Recall/physiology , Positron-Emission Tomography , Young AdultABSTRACT
O mercado brasileiro de fitoterápicos apresenta diversos produtos broncodilatadores e expectorantes produzidos com extratos da espécie hera (Hedera helix L. - Araliaceae), os quais apresentam distintas composições em termos de quantidade de extrato seco e de marcador por ml. Visando contribuir ao entendimento dessas diferenças, realizou-se levantamento da literatura clínica sobre a espécie com foco nos aspectos de concentração de extratos e quantidade de marcadores. Verificou-se existirem mundialmente três diferentes formatos comerciais de extratos de hera, preparados com relação droga-extrato de 3-6:1, 5-7,5:1 e 4-8:1, gerando diferentes teores de marcador por cento. Os dois primeiros formatos estão presentes no mercado brasileiro, apresentam base clínica eficaz e segura, demonstrando que a espécie em questão mostra faixa variável de ação. O estudo multicêntrico de maior evidência clínica foi realizado por Fazio e colaboradores (2009), utilizando produto com concentração de marcadores que somente são fornecidas, no Brasil, pelos fitoterápicos de formulação do tipo 5-7,5:1, enquanto produtos no formato de formulação 3-6:1 apresenta teores abaixo do mínimo utilizado nesse estudo multicêntrico. O perfil de segurança dos vários tipos de produtos à base de Hedera helix é muito bem estabelecido, com mínimas ocorrências de efeitos adversos, basicamente gastrointestinais.