ABSTRACT
The intestinal trematode, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), is an important in public health that causes infection in humans and animals especially in Asia and in parts of Africa and the Americas. Haplorchis taitui metacercariae were found in the gills of Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) and Capoeta barroisi persica (Karaman) collected from the Shapour River. Morphological excysted metacercariae were identified as wet mounts under a stereomicroscope. Then, the samples were subjected to molecular analysis. The result showed that 69% of examined fish (n=30) were diagnosed infected with encysted metacercariae in gills. The mean intensity was 8.3±16.9 parasites per fish. The morphometrical values agree with the findings of other studies with the small differences and polymerase chain reaction product length and nucleotide sequence analysis of 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gene showed a similarity of over 99% between the specimens and the Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) recorded in GenBank.(AU)
O trematódeo intestinal, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), é importante na saúde pública que causa infecção em humanos e animais, especialmente na Ásia e em partes da África e das Américas. Haplorchis taitui metacercariae foram encontradas nas brânquias de Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) e Capoeta barroisi pérsica (Karaman) coletadas no rio Shapour. Metacercárias foram identificadas microscopicamente sob um estereomicroscópio. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas à análise molecular. O resultado mostrou que 69% dos peixes examinados (n=30) foram diagnosticados infectados com metacercárias encistadas em brânquias. A intensidade média foi de 8,3±16,9 parasitas por peixe. Os valores morfométricos concordam com os achados de outros estudos com as pequenas diferenças e o comprimento do produto da reação em cadeia da polimerase e a análise da sequência nucleotídica do gene do ácido desoxirribonucleico ribossômico 18S mostraram uma similaridade de mais de 99% entre as amostras e o Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) registrado no GenBank.(AU)
El trematodo intestinal, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), es importante en la salud pública que causa infección en humanos y animales, especialmente em Asia y em partes de África y América. Se encontraron Haplorchis taitui metacercariae en las branquias de Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) y Capoeta barroisi persica (Karaman) colectadas del río Shapour. Las metacercarias se identificaron bajo un microscopio estereoscópico. Luego, las muestras fueron sometidas a análisis molecular. El resultado mostró que el 69% de los peces examinados (n=30) fueron diagnosticados infectados con metacercarias enquistadas en las branquias. La intensidad media fue de 8.3±16.9 parásitos por pece. Los valores morfométricos concuerdan con los hallazgos de otros estudios con las pequeñas diferencias y la longitud del producto de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y el análisis de la secuencia de nucleótidos del gen del ácido desoxirribonucleico ribosómico 18S mostró una similitud de más del 99% entre las muestras y el Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) registrado en GenBank.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Metacercariae/anatomy & histology , Metacercariae/ultrastructure , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Cyprinidae , Heterophyidae/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , IranABSTRACT
The intestinal trematode, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), is an important in public health that causes infection in humans and animals especially in Asia and in parts of Africa and the Americas. Haplorchis taitui metacercariae were found in the gills of Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) and Capoeta barroisi persica (Karaman) collected from the Shapour River. Morphological excysted metacercariae were identified as wet mounts under a stereomicroscope. Then, the samples were subjected to molecular analysis. The result showed that 69% of examined fish (n=30) were diagnosed infected with encysted metacercariae in gills. The mean intensity was 8.3±16.9 parasites per fish. The morphometrical values agree with the findings of other studies with the small differences and polymerase chain reaction product length and nucleotide sequence analysis of 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gene showed a similarity of over 99% between the specimens and the Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) recorded in GenBank.
O trematódeo intestinal, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), é importante na saúde pública que causa infecção em humanos e animais, especialmente na Ásia e em partes da África e das Américas. Haplorchis taitui metacercariae foram encontradas nas brânquias de Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) e Capoeta barroisi pérsica (Karaman) coletadas no rio Shapour. Metacercárias foram identificadas microscopicamente sob um estereomicroscópio. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas à análise molecular. O resultado mostrou que 69% dos peixes examinados (n=30) foram diagnosticados infectados com metacercárias encistadas em brânquias. A intensidade média foi de 8,3±16,9 parasitas por peixe. Os valores morfométricos concordam com os achados de outros estudos com as pequenas diferenças e o comprimento do produto da reação em cadeia da polimerase e a análise da sequência nucleotídica do gene do ácido desoxirribonucleico ribossômico 18S mostraram uma similaridade de mais de 99% entre as amostras e o Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) registrado no GenBank.
El trematodo intestinal, Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924), es importante en la salud pública que causa infección en humanos y animales, especialmente em Asia y em partes de África y América. Se encontraron Haplorchis taitui metacercariae en las branquias de Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel) y Capoeta barroisi persica (Karaman) colectadas del río Shapour. Las metacercarias se identificaron bajo un microscopio estereoscópico. Luego, las muestras fueron sometidas a análisis molecular. El resultado mostró que el 69% de los peces examinados (n=30) fueron diagnosticados infectados con metacercarias enquistadas en las branquias. La intensidad media fue de 8.3±16.9 parásitos por pece. Los valores morfométricos concuerdan con los hallazgos de otros estudios con las pequeñas diferencias y la longitud del producto de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y el análisis de la secuencia de nucleótidos del gen del ácido desoxirribonucleico ribosómico 18S mostró una similitud de más del 99% entre las muestras y el Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) registrado en GenBank.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cyprinidae , Heterophyidae/isolation & purification , Metacercariae/anatomy & histology , Metacercariae/ultrastructure , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Iran , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Here we describe a new heterophyid species, Heterophyes yacyretana n. sp., and resolve its life cycle experimentally. We found the prosobranch snail Aylacostoma chloroticum in Candelaria, Province of Misiones, Argentina (a sector of the High Paraná River affected by the Yacyretá Dam), naturally infected with opisthorchioid cercariae. These cercariae lacked pigmented eyespots as well as body pigment and possessed 7 pairs of penetration glands arranged in 2 lateral bands, together with 18 pairs of flame cells and a V-shaped excretory vesicle. We exposed specimens of 21 fish species to emerging cercariae and obtained metacercariae from the muscles of the caudal peduncle of 3 species of siluriform fish, and adults from chicks infected with experimentally obtained metacercariae from the albino variety of the bronce corydoras, Corydoras aeneus. The new species differs from other species in the genus by the number of sclerites on the genital sac, the distribution of the vitelline follicles, and the combination of the size relationship of the suckers and the genital sac with respect to the posterior extent of intestinal ceca. Heterophyes yacyretana is the first species of the genus reported from the Americas.
Subject(s)
Gastropoda/parasitology , Heterophyidae/growth & development , Life Cycle Stages , Animals , Argentina , Cercaria/anatomy & histology , Cercaria/growth & development , Chickens/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Fishes , Heterophyidae/anatomy & histology , Heterophyidae/classification , Metacercariae/anatomy & histology , Metacercariae/growth & development , RiversABSTRACT
Adults of a species of Cryptocotyle were found infecting the intestine of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823, and metacercariae were found in the fins and muscle of the galaxiid fish, Galaxias platei Steindachner, 1898 (local name "puyen grande"), in Nahuel Huapi National Park (Patagonia). Morphometrics and genetic markers of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) confirmed that adults and metacercariae were conspecific and represent a new species, Cryptocotyle dominicana n. sp. The only congener known from South America (Cryptocotyle thapari McIntosh, 1953) matures in river otters (Lutra spp. and Pteronura spp.) in Brazil and Bolivia and differs from the new species in the arrangement of the testes, which are located in tandem in the species from otters. Adults of the new species resemble Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825) Fischoeder, 1903 from marine environments of the Northern Hemisphere, both species being characterized by having a linguiform body, oblique testes, and vitelline follicles that extend posteriorly to the level of the ventral sucker. Considering the morphological findings that differentiate the new species from other Cryptocotyle, as well as the molecular analysis that shows significant differences from C. lingua, we conclude that these specimens represent a new species, the first of the genus Cryptocotyle to be described from birds in South America.
Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/parasitology , Charadriiformes/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Heterophyidae/classification , Osmeriformes/parasitology , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Animals , Argentina , Bayes Theorem , Fresh Water , Heterophyidae/anatomy & histology , Heterophyidae/genetics , Likelihood Functions , Trematode Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
Acanthurus spp. of St. Kitts and other Caribbean islands, including ocean surgeonfish A. bahianus, doctorfish A. chirurgus, and blue tang A. coeruleus, frequently show multifocal cutaneous pigmentation. Initial reports from the Leeward Antilles raised suspicion of a parasitic etiology. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of the disease in St. Kitts' Acanthuridae and describe its pathology and etiology. Visual surveys demonstrated consistently high adjusted mean prevalence at 3 shallow reefs in St. Kitts in 2017 (38.9%, 95% CI: 33.8-43.9) and 2018 (51.5%; 95% CI: 46.2-56.9). There were no differences in prevalence across species or reefs, but juvenile fish were less commonly affected than adults. A total of 29 dermatopathy-affected acanthurids were sampled by spearfishing for comprehensive postmortem examination. Digenean metacercariae were dissected from <1 mm cysts within pigmented lesions. Using partial 28S rDNA sequence data they were classified as Family Heterophyidae, members of which are commonly implicated in black spot disease of other fishes. Morphological features of the parasite were most typical of Scaphanocephalus spp. (Creplin, 1842), and 2 genetic profiles were obtained suggesting more than 1 digenean species. Histologically, pigmented lesions had mild chronic perivascular dermatitis and increased melanophores and melanin density, often centered on encysted digenean metacercariae. In 1 affected A. chirurgus, similar metacercariae were histologically identified in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Further research is needed to clarify impact on host fitness, establish the number of heterophyid digenean species that cause black spots on Caribbean fishes and to determine the intermediate and definitive host species.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis , Perciformes , Animals , Caribbean Region , Metacercariae , West IndiesABSTRACT
We investigated the transmission of the fishborne trematodes Centrocestus formosanus and Haplorchis pumilio by Melanoides tuberculata snails in Peru. We report on results of experimental, morphological, and molecular approaches and discuss the potential risk for future human cases, given the existence of food habits in the country involving the ingestion of raw fish.
Subject(s)
Fishes/parasitology , Gastropoda/parasitology , Snails/parasitology , Zoonoses/parasitology , Zoonoses/transmission , Animals , Peru/epidemiology , Platyhelminths , Zoonoses/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Heterophyid metacercariae were found in the gills of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) collected from the Pampulha reservoir, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between February and April 2010. The cysts were counted and used to perform experimental studies (artificial excystment and infection of mice). Fifty specimens of A. facetus were analyzed and it was found that the prevalence of infection was 100% and mean infection intensity was 134 metacercariae/fish (range: 4-2,510). Significant positive correlations were seen between total fish length and intensity of infection; between fish weight and intensity of infection, and between parasite density and fish length. Morphological analyses on metacercariae and adult parasites obtained from experimentally infected mice made it possible to identify Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). This is the first report of C. formosanus in A. facetus in Brazil.
Metacercárias de Heterophyidae foram encontradas nas brânquias de Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) coletados na represa da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre fevereiro e abril de 2010. Os cistos obtidos foram contados e utilizados em estudos experimentais (desencistamento artificial e infecção de camundongos). Cinquenta exemplares de A. facetus foram analisados, sendo verificada prevalência de infecção de 100% e intensidade média de infecção de 134 metacercárias/peixe (variando entre 4 e 2510). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre a intensidade de infecção e comprimento total dos peixes; entre a intensidade de infecção e o peso dos peixes e entre a densidade parasitária e o comprimento total. A análise morfológica das metacercárias e dos parasitos adultos obtidos em camundongos experimentalmente infectados permitiu a identificação de Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). Este é o primeiro relato de C. formosanus em A. facetus no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/parasitology , Heterophyidae/physiology , Metacercariae , Trematoda , BrazilABSTRACT
Heterophyid metacercariae were found in the gills of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) collected from the Pampulha reservoir, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between February and April 2010. The cysts were counted and used to perform experimental studies (artificial excystment and infection of mice). Fifty specimens of A. facetus were analyzed and it was found that the prevalence of infection was 100% and mean infection intensity was 134 metacercariae/fish (range: 4-2,510). Significant positive correlations were seen between total fish length and intensity of infection; between fish weight and intensity of infection, and between parasite density and fish length. Morphological analyses on metacercariae and adult parasites obtained from experimentally infected mice made it possible to identify Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). This is the first report of C. formosanus in A. facetus in Brazil.
Metacercárias de Heterophyidae foram encontradas nas brânquias de Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) coletados na represa da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre fevereiro e abril de 2010. Os cistos obtidos foram contados e utilizados em estudos experimentais (desencistamento artificial e infecção de camundongos). Cinquenta exemplares de A. facetus foram analisados, sendo verificada prevalência de infecção de 100% e intensidade média de infecção de 134 metacercárias/peixe (variando entre 4 e 2510). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre a intensidade de infecção e comprimento total dos peixes; entre a intensidade de infecção e o peso dos peixes e entre a densidade parasitária e o comprimento total. A análise morfológica das metacercárias e dos parasitos adultos obtidos em camundongos experimentalmente infectados permitiu a identificação de Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). Este é o primeiro relato de C. formosanus em A. facetus no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/parasitology , Heterophyidae/physiology , Metacercariae , Trematoda , BrazilABSTRACT
The life history of the trematode Pygidiopsis macrostomum Travassos, 1928 is described for the first time. Rediae and cercariae were obtained from naturally infected snails Heleobia australis (d´Orbigny), a new first intermediate host. Metacercariae were found encysted in the mesenteries of three naturally infected guppies, Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel), Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns) (new host records) and Poecilia vivipara Bloch and Schneider. Experimental infections were successfully completed in the intermediate hosts H. australis and Poe. vivipara reared in the laboratory and hamsters Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse were utilised as a definitive host.