Trends in incidence and average waiting time for arthroplasty from 1998-2021: an observational study of 282,367 patients from the Scottish arthroplasty project.

BACKGROUND: Current waiting times for arthroplasty are reported as being the worst on record. This is a combination of increasing demand, the COVID-19 pandemic and longer standing shortage of capacity. The Scottish Arthroplasty Project (SAP) is a National Audit that analyses all joint replacements undertaken in the Scottish NHS and Independent Sector. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term trend in provision and waiting time for lower limb joint replacement surgery. METHODS: All total hip replacements (THR) and total knee replacements (TKR) undertaken in NHS Scotland from 1998 to 2021 were identified. Waiting times data were analysed each year to determine the minimum, maximum, median, mean and standard deviation. RESULTS: In 1998, there were 4,224 THR and 2,898 TKR with mean (range, SD) waiting time of 159.5 days (1-1,685, 119.8) and 182.9 days (1-1,946, 130.1). The minimum waiting times were both in 2013 for 7,612 THR - 78.8 days (0-539, 46) and 7,146 TKR - 79.1 days (0-489, 43.7). The maximum waiting times recorded were in 2021 with 4,070 THR waiting 283.7 days (0-945, 215) and 3,153 TKR waiting 316.8 days (4-1,064, 217). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first robust large-scale national dataset showing trends in incidence and waiting time for THR and TKR over two decades. There was an expansion of activity with a reduction in waiting time, which peaked in 2013, followed by an increase in waiting time with a plateau and modest decline in the number of procedures.

Evidence-Based Data Regarding the Use of Antibiotic-loaded Cement in Hip Arthroplasty. A bibliometric analysis of 50 years / Datos basados en la evidencia sobre el uso de cemento con antibióticos en la artroplastia de cadera. Análisis blbliométrico de 50 años

Introduction: The use of antibiotic-loaded cement is an intraoperative tool that has demonstrated potential benefits in hip arthroplasty. However, the global landscape of research on this topic remains unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific growth, characteristics, and metrics of global and historical research on the use of antibiotic-loaded cement in hip arthroplasty. Material and methods: A cross-sectional bibliometric study was conducted using Scopus as the data source. Results: A total of 523 documents published between 1973 and 2023 were selected. 89.9% (n=470) of the production consisted of original articles, with 11.85% being multi-center. 84.1% of the authors have published a single article, followed by 10.3% who have published two articles. Research has predominantly focused on adults or the elderly, with an emphasis on outcome evaluation (notably reoperation), assessing various antibiotic agents, and frequently employing retrospective designs. Conclusions: There has been a sustained increase in research on the use of antibiotic-loaded cement in hip arthroplasty over the last 50 years. The research trend has shifted towards the evaluation of adult or elderly patients, exploration of antimicrobial agents, techniques, and health outcomes, primarily using observational and retrospective designs. An emerging research-focus is the study of hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients. (AU)

Introducción: El uso de cemento cargado con antibiótico, es una herramienta intraoperatoria que ha demostrado potenciales beneficios en la artroplastia de cadera. Sin embargo, se desconoce el panorama global de la investigación sobre este tópico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el crecimiento científico, características y métricas de la investigación global e histórica sobre el uso de cemento cargado con antibiótico en artroplastia de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio bibliométrico de corte transversal, que utilizó como fuente de datos la base Scopus. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 523 documentos publicados entre 1973 y 2023. El 89,9% (n=470) de la producción consistió en artículos originales, siendo el 11,85% multicéntricos. El 84,1% de los autores han publicado un único artículo, seguido de un 10,3% que han publicado dos artículos. La investigación se ha centrado predominantemente en adultos o ancianos, con énfasis en la evaluación de resultados (especialmente la reoperación), evaluando diversos agentes antibióticos y empleando con frecuencia diseños retrospectivos. Conclusiones: En los últimos 50 años se ha producido un aumento sostenido de la investigación sobre el uso de cemento cargado con antibióticos en la artroplastia de cadera. La tendencia de la investigación se ha desplazado hacia la evaluación de pacientes adultos o ancianos, la exploración de los agentes antimicrobianos, las técnicas y los resultados sanitarios, utilizando principalmente diseños observacionales y retrospectivos. Un nuevo foco de investigación es el estudio de la artroplastia de cadera en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. (AU)

Fijación interna combinada con artroplastia total de cadera en fracturas acetabulares inveteradas complejas en ancianos. Reporte de caso / Internal fixation combined with total hip arthroplasty in complex inveterate acetabular fractures in the elderly. Case report

La fijación interna combinada con artroplastia en pacientes de edad avanzada, está indicada en fracturas acetabulares complejas inveteradas, artrosis preexistente, luxación inveterada, Impactación supero-medial de la cúpula acetabular, la finalidad de la cirugía es lograr la fijación de la columna anterior, columna posterior, lamina cuadrilátera y pared posterior para proporcionar estabilidad adecuada al componente acetabular y restaurar el centro de rotación de la cadera. Debido a la complejidad de estas lesiones, se decide presentar el siguiente caso clínico, que corresponde una paciente femenina de 70 años, quien posterior a traumatismo de baja energía presenta fractura inveterada compleja con patrón en T de Acetábulo de 8 meses de evolución. El Objetivo es: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento de las fracturas acetabulares complejas en pacientes de edad avanzada con reducción abierta más fijación interna combinada con artroplastia total de cadera. Se realiza en un 1er tiempo: Abordaje Ilioinguinal, ORIF con placa de reconstrucción 3,5 mm para CA, 2do Tiempo: Abordaje de Kocher Langenbeck, ORIF con placa de reconstrucción 3,5 mm para CP y PP. 3er Tiempo: ATC izquierda primaria no cementada, con aporte biológico de injerto óseo autologo. Resultado: Se restableció la integridad de las líneas acetabulares, reducción anatómica según Matta, índice de Harris hip score de 88 puntos. Se concluye que el procedimiento combinado de ORIF mas ATC es el tratamiento ideal de las fracturas acetabulares complejas inveteradas en pacientes de edad avanzada(AU)

Internal fixation combined with arthroplasty in elderly patients is indicated in inveterate complex acetabular fractures, preexisting osteoarthritis, inveterate dislocation, supero medial impaction of the acetabular dome, the purpose of surgery is to achieve fixation of the anterior column (AC), posterior column (PC), quadrilateral plate, and posterior wall (PP) to provide adequate stability to the acetabular component and restore the hip center of rotation. Due to the complexity of these injuries, it is decided to present the following clinical case, which corresponds to a 70-year-old female patient, who, after a low-energy trauma, presents a complex inveterate fracture with a T-pattern of the acetabulum of 8 months of evolution. The Objective is: To evaluate the results of the treatment of complex acetabular fractures in elderly patients with open reduction plus internal fixation (ORIF) combined with total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is performed in a 1st stage: Ilioinguinal approach, ORIF with 3.5 mm reconstruction plate for (CA), 2nd Stage: Kocher Langenbeck approach, ORIF with 3.5 mm reconstruction plate for (CP) and (PP). 3rd Time: Uncemented primary left THA, with biological contribution of autologous bone graft. Result: The integrity of the acetabular lines was restored, anatomical reduction according to Matta, Harris hip score index of 88 points. It is concluded that the combined procedure (ORIF plus ATC) is the ideal treatment of inveterate complex acetabular fractures in elderly patients(AU)

The Reason Beer Makes You Pee and Why You Should Abstain before Orthopedic Surgery.

Hydration practices in the view of hip, knee, or spine surgery instruct patients to avoid caffeinated drinks, alcoholic beverages, and sugar-sweetened drinks because they adversely impact body fluid homeostasis. However, some patients might be inclined to not include beer among the prohibited beverages because of its low alcohol content and conflicting evidence about its rehydrating effects. The author of this opinion article discusses the shreds of evidence that establish beer as a drink to avoid prior to orthopedic surgery.

Clinical and Functional Outcomes of the Exeter V40 Short Stem in Primary and Revision Arthroplasty: Does the Indication Affect Outcomes in the Short Term?

Purpose: A variety of short Exeter stems designed specifically for use in performance of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in primary and revision settings have recently been introduced. Some have been used 'off label' for hip reconstruction. The aim of this study is to report clinical and radiological results from the Exeter V40 125 mm stem in performance of primary THA and revision THA. Materials and Methods: This study had a retrospective design. Insertion of 58 (24 primary, 34 revision) Exeter V40 125 mm stems was performed between 2015 and 2017. The minimum follow-up period was two years. Assessment of the Oxford hip score (OHS), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and radiological follow-up was performed at one and two years. Results: In the primary group, the preoperative, mean OHS was 13.29. The mean OHS was 32.86 and 23.39 at one-year and two-year post-surgery, respectively. The mean EQ-5D-3L scores were at 0.14, 0.59, and 0.35, preoperatively, at one-year follow-up and two-year follow-up, respectively. In the revision group, the mean preoperative OHS was 19.41. The mean OHS was 30.55 and 26.05 at one-year and two-year post-surgery, respectively. The mean EQ-5D-3L scores were 0.33, 0.61, and 0.48 preoperatively, at one-year follow-up and two-year follow-up, respectively. No progressive or new radiolucent lines were observed around any stem at the time of the final follow-up in all patients in both groups. Conclusion: Encouraging results regarding use of Exeter V40 125 mm stems have been reported up to two years following surgery in primary and revision THA settings.

Erector spinae plane versus fascia iliaca block after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial comparing analgesic effectiveness and motor block.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block (FIB) provides effective analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA) but is complicated by high rates of motor block. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a promising motor-sparing technique. In this study, we tested the analgesic superiority of the FIB over ESPB and associated motor impairment. METHODS: In this randomized, observer-blinded clinical trial, patients scheduled for THA under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to preoperatively receive either the ultrasound-guided FIB or ESPB. The primary outcome was morphine consumption 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes were pain scores, assessment of sensory and motor block, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and other complications, and development of chronic post-surgical pain. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients completed the study. No statistically significant differences in morphine consumption at 24 h (P = 0.676) or pain scores were seen at any time point. The FIB produced more reliable sensory block in the femoral nerve (P = 0.001) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (P = 0.018) distributions. However, quadriceps motor strength was better preserved in the ESPB group than in the FIB group (P = 0.002). No differences in hip adduction motor strength (P = 0.253), side effects, or incidence of chronic pain were seen between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: ESPBs may be a promising alternative to FIBs for postoperative analgesia after THA. The ESPB and FIB offer similar opioid-sparing benefits in the first 24 h after surgery; however, ESPBs result in less quadriceps motor impairment.

Artroplastia de quadril em Minas Gerais: análise dos dados do Sistema Único de Saúde / Hip arthroplasty in Minas Gerais: analysis of data from the Unified Health System

Artroplastia de quadril em Minas Gerais: análise dos dados do Sistema Único de Saúde. 2023. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Gestão de Serviços em Saúde) ­ Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2023. Introdução: o aumentando da longevidade está associado ao aumento de incidência e prevalência de doenças crônicas, como a artrose ou osteoartrite, além de ampliar a chance de ocorrência de fratura de colo do fêmur, mais frequente em indivíduos com idades avançadas, levando ao consequente aumento da necessidade de realização da cirurgia de artroplastia de quadril. Objetivo: analisar a incidência de artroplastias de quadril realizadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em Minas Gerais, no período de 2013 a 2022. Metodologia: este é um estudo ecológico em que as unidades de análise foram as Microrregiões de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram descritas a frequência dos diferentes tipos de artroplastias de quadril, sua evolução temporal, a média de idade de realização relativa a cada um desses procedimentos (por tipo), além de estimadas as incidências anuais da cirurgia. Também foi realizada análise dos fatores associados à incidência da cirurgia nas diferentes Microrregiões. Como variável de desfecho foi considerada a taxa de incidência no ano de 2018. Os fatores investigados quanto à associação em relação à taxa da cirurgia por 100.000 habitantes foram: o Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS); proporção de habitantes do sexo feminino; porcentagem de habitantes maior que 50 anos; porcentagem de habitantes brancos; médicos especialistas da Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (SBOT)/1.000 habitantes; e número de leitos por Macrorregião de Saúde. Para analisar a correlação entre a incidência de artroplastia e as demais variáveis do estudo foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Foi empregado modelo de regressão Binomial Negativa, simples e múltiplo, considerando a ocorrência de artroplastia em 2018 como o desfecho, e os demais indicadores do estudo como variáveis explicativas, incluindo os subíndices do IMRS Saúde. Ao selecionar as variáveis para inclusão no modelo múltiplo, considerou-se um valor-p inferior a 0,10 como critério. Permaneceram no modelo final as variáveis significativas ao nível de 5% de significância. Resultados: no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2022, foram identificadas em Minas Gerais 34.273 internações para artroplastia de quadril o que representou uma taxa de 15,5 internações para a cirurgia por 100 mil habitantes. Os tipos mais frequentes foram: artroplastia total primaria do quadril não cimentada/híbrida (36,8%), artroplastia parcial de quadril (34,8%) e artroplastia total primária do quadril cimentada (17,3%), respectivamente. Quanto à evolução temporal, a mediana dos valores de incidência da cirurgia se manteve quase constante entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, com aumento em 2019. Em 2020 a mediana alcançou o menor valor do período estudado, aumentando em 2021 e alcançando o maior valor do recorte histórico estudado em 2022. Os resultados do modelo múltiplo revelaram que os fatores que permaneceram associados ao aumento da incidência das artroplastia foram maiores IMRS Educação e maior proporção de pessoas com 50 anos ou mais. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que em regiões com melhor situação da educação da população possivelmente há mais acesso à artroplastia do quadril e que populações mais envelhecidas apresentam maior necessidade da cirurgia.

Introduction: increased longevity is associated with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases, such as arthrosis or osteoarthritis, in addition to increasing the chance of femoral neck fractures, which are more common in older individuals, leading to a consequent increase in the need for of hip arthroplasty surgery. Objective: to analyze the incidence of hip arthroplasties performed by the Unified Health System in Minas Gerais, from 2013 to 2022. Methodology: this is an ecological study in which the units of analysis were the Health Microregions of the state of Minas Gerais. The frequency of different types of hip arthroplasties, their temporal evolution, the average age of completion for each of these procedures (by type) were described, in addition to estimating the annual incidence of surgery. An analysis of factors associated with the incidence of surgery in different microregions was also carried out. The incidence rate in 2018 was considered as an evolution variable. The factors investigated regarding the association in relation to the surgery rate per 100,000 inhabitants were: the Minas Gerais Social Responsibility Index (IMRS); proportion of female inhabitants; percentage of inhabitants over 50 years old; percentage of white inhabitants; specialist doctors from the Brazilian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SBOT)/1,000 inhabitants; and number of beds per Health Macroregion. To analyze the projection between the incidence of arthroplasty and the other study variables, the Spearman projection coefficient was used. A simple and multiple Negative Binomial regression model was used, considering the occurrence of arthroplasty in 2018 as the outcome, and the other study indicators as explanatory variables, including the IMRS Health sub-indices. When selecting the variables for inclusion in the multiple models, if a p-value less than 0.10 as selective. Significant variations at the 5% significance level remained in the final model. Results: from January 2013 to December 2022, 34,273 admissions for hip arthroplasty were identified in Minas Gerais, which represented a rate of 15.5 admissions for surgery per 100 thousand inhabitants. The most frequent types were: uncemented/hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty (36.8%), partial hip arthroplasty (34.8%) and cemented primary total hip arthroplasty (17.3%), respectively. Regarding temporal evolution, the median surgery incidence values remained almost constant between the years 2013 and 2018, with an increase in 2019. In 2020 the median reached the lowest value of the trained period, increasing in 2021 and reaching the highest value of the historical sample trained in 2022. The results of the multiple models revealed that the factors that occurred associated with the increase in the incidence of arthroplasty were higher IMRS Education and a higher proportion of people aged 50 or over. Conclusion: it can be concluded that in regions with a better population education situation there is possibly more access to hip arthroplasty and that older populations have a greater need for surgery.

Evaluar los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas acetabulares bilaterales / Functional, radiological results and complications evaluation in the surgical treatment of bilateral acetabular fractures

Las Fracturas Acetabulares bilaterales tienen una incidencia extremadamente baja. El objetivo es evaluar los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas acetabulares bilaterales. Este estudio se basa en datos de 722 Fracturas de Acetábulo tratadas por el autor principal durante 15 años desde enero de 2005 a septiembre de 2020. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 13 casos correspondientes al 1,8% del universo. El 72,7% de las fracturas se presentaron por accidentes de tránsito, el 69,3% corresponden a fracturas de patrón asociado en relación con el 30,7% de fracturas de patrón simple. En el 56,5% se realizó abordaje de Kocher Langenbeck. La reducción anatómica se logró en el 92,30%, en el 7,69% la reducción no fue satisfactoria. Para la evaluación funcional se utilizó el HHS, 88,46% reportaron buenos resultados y 11,53% insatisfactorios. Respecto a las complicaciones, 7,69% presentaron osteoartrosis Tönnis II y 7,69% neuroapraxia del nervio ciático izquierdo. Se encontró supervivencia del 100%. El tiempo ideal para la resolución quirúrgica es antes de las 3 semanas. Los resultados radiológicos y funcionales están directamente relacionados al tiempo de fijación, es importante tomar en cuenta que debido a la magnitud de la energía del impacto que se transmite por ambos acetábulos los patrones de fractura que coexisten entre ambas superficies articulares son diferentes, por lo que optimizar la planificación preoperatoria es fundamental(AU)

Bilateral Acetabular Fractures have an extremely low incidence. The objective is to evaluate the functional and radiological results and the complications in the surgical treatment of bilateral Acetabular Fractures. This study is based on a data of 722 acetabulum fractures cases treated by the lead author for over 15 years from january 2005 to september 2020. A descriptive, retrospective study was made. 13 cases corresponding to 1,8% of the universe were included. 72,7% of the fractures occurred due to traffic accidents, 69,3% correspond to associated pattern fractures in relation to 30,7% of simple pattern fractures. In 56,5% the Kocher Langenbeck approach was performed. The anatomical reduction was achieved in 92,30%, in 7,69% the reduction was not satisfactory. The functional result was evaluated according to the HHS, obtaining good results in 88,46% of the cases and unsatisfactory results in 11,53%. Regarding complications, we found 7,69% with Tönnis II osteoarthrosis, 7,69% with neuropraxia of the left sciatic nerve. Successful results with 100% survival were found. The ideal time for surgical resolution is before 3 weeks. The radiological and functional results are directly related to the fixation time. It is important to take into account that due to the magnitude of the impact energy that is transmitted by both acetabulums, the fracture patterns that coexist between both articular surfaces are different, so optimizing preoperative planning is essential(AU)

Treatment of Vancouver Type B Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Using Cortical Strut Allografts.

Introduction: The optimal surgical treatment for Vancouver B2 and B3 fractures has not been determined, and bone defects and delays in fracture healing significantly affect treatment outcomes. Some authors have argued that when a serious bone defect is present, the use of cortical strut allografts for the treatment of type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) after hip joint replacement may be beneficial. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of cortical strut allografts based on mid-to long-term clinical radiologic results after surgical treatment of Vancouver B-type PFFs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 48 patients with postoperative PFFs. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 years. The 22 patients were treated with cortical strut allograft. Each case was characterized and described in detail, including the length of allograft and the union period, and possible correlations between allograft length and strut-to-host bone union were analyzed. Clinical evaluations included Parker mobility and Harris hip scores. At the final follow-up, we assessed the radiological results using the Beals and Tower's criteria, stem subsidence, and fracture union time. Results: All 48 fractures united at an average of 21.5 weeks, and strut-to-host bone union was typically observed within 32 months. No positive correlation was identified between the allograft length and incorporation period. There was one deep infection and four cases of dislocation, but there was no fracture or malunion of the cortical strut allografts. No evidence of femoral loosening was observed in any of the patients. Conclusion: Cortical strut allografts used to treat type B PFFs showed high rates of bone union and survival. In mid-to long-term follow-up, the cortical strut allograft length did not affect to incorporation time. The author concluded that cortical strut allografts are useful treatment for PFFs regardless subtype classification of the Vancouver type B.

Sex Differences in Serum C-Reactive Protein Course after Total Hip Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Gender-specific medicine has become an important part in investigating the course of various diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP) is used as an inflammatory marker for detecting inflammations and even infections after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The general course of CRP after THA is well known, but there is controversy about its association with sex. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if there is an influence of sex on the CRP after THA in the first 10 days after operation in a complication-free course in male and female patients and to re-evaluate the specific postoperative CRP course with its maximum on the second to third postoperative days. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who had been treated with THA due to primary osteoarthritis through the same approach using an equal model of a cementless stem and a cup and complication-free between 2013 and 2016. Patients with active inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary arthrosis, active cancer disease, and documented postoperative complications were not included. The CRP values before THA and up to 10 days after THA were recorded and tested for sex discrepancy. Factor analyses were performed, and CRP values were adjusted for confounders (age, operation time, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index [BMI]). RESULTS: A total of 1,255 patients (728 women and 527 men) were finally analyzed. Men were younger and had a longer operation time and a higher BMI compared to women. The prevalence of overweight was higher in men, while obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists status showed no significant difference between men and women. Men had significantly higher CRP values than women between the 2nd and the 7th postoperative days, with the largest difference on the 4th postoperative day (men, 130.48 mg/L; women, 87.26 mg/L; p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of more precise sex-specific evaluation of the postoperative CRP course after THA, the present study showed for the first time that there was a gender discrepancy in the CRP course after complication-free THA in the first 7 postoperative days. Furthermore, this study confirmed the postoperative CRP course with its maximum on the third postoperative day.

Persistent postoperative opioid use after total hip or knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify the proportion of patients with continued opioid use after total hip or knee arthroplasty. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis searched Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for articles published from January 1, 2009, to May 26, 2021. The search terms (opioid, postoperative, hospital discharge, total hip or knee arthroplasty, and treatment duration) were based on 5 key concepts. We included studies of adults who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty, with at least 3 months postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: There were 30 studies included. Of these, 17 reported on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty and 19 reported on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty, with some reporting on outcomes of both procedures. In patients having total hip arthroplasty, rates of postoperative opioid use at various time points were as follows: at 3 months, 20% (95% CI, 13%-26%); at 6 months, 17% (95% CI, 12%-21%); at 9 months, 19% (95% CI, 13%-24%); and at 12 months, 16% (95% CI, 15%-16%). In patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty, rates of postoperative opioid use were as follows: at 3 months, 26% (95% CI, 19%-33%); at 6 months, 20% (95% CI, 17%-24%); at 9 months, 23% (95% CI, 17%-28%); and at 12 months, 21% (95% CI, 12%-29%). Opioid naïve patients were less likely to have continued postoperative opioid use than those who were opioid tolerant preoperatively. CONCLUSION: Over 1 in 5 patients continued opioid use for longer than 3 months after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Clinicians should be aware of this trajectory of opioid consumption after surgery.

Blood transfusion and venous thromboembolism trends and risk factors in primary and aseptic revision total hip and knee arthroplasties: A nationwide investigation of 736,061 cases.

BACKGROUND: Over the last years, new transfusion guidelines and pharmaceuticals have been introduced in primary and revision total hip and knee arthroplasty (P-THA, P-TKA, R-THA, R-TKA). In the US, a substantial decrease in transfusions has been observed in recent years. Little data exists on the subject in Europe. In this context we aimed to analyze: (1) Is there also a significant decrease in blood transfusion for these procedures in Germany? (2) Which patient and hospital related factors are associated with the risk of blood transfusion? (3) Is there a trend in complications, especially venous thromboembolism and stroke events that can be linked to tranexamic acid use? HYPOTHESIS: There is a significant trend in decreasing blood transfusions in hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Using nationwide healthcare insurance data for inpatient hospital treatment, 736,061 cases treated between January 2011 and December 2017 were included (318,997 P-THAs, 43,780 R-THAs, 338,641 P-TKAs, 34,643 R-TKAs). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the odds of transfusion as a function of the year of surgery. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: In each cohort the odds of transfusion decreased over time (2017 vs. 2011 (reference): P-THA: OR 0.42 (95%CI: 0.39-0.45), P-TKA: OR 0.41 (95%CI: 0.37-0.46), R-THA: OR 0.52 (95%CI: 0.47-0.58), R-TKA: OR 0.53 (95%CI: 0.46-0.61). Patient-related risk factors for blood transfusion included older age, female gender, lower Body Mass Index, comorbidities such as renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, valvular disease, coagulopathy, depression, and antithrombotic medication prior to surgery. Venous thromboembolism or stroke events did not increase over the study period. DISCUSSION: The incidence of blood transfusions in primary and revision TKA and THA decreased over the study period. This may be due to new transfusion guidelines and the introduction of novel pharmaceuticals such as tranexamic acid. A further improved patient blood management and a focus on vulnerable patient groups might lead to a further future reduction of transfusions, especially in R-THA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III; comparative observational study.

Results of Hip Arthroplasty Using a COREN Stem at a Minimum of Ten Years.

Purpose: We report on the 10-year clinical hip function and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent hip arthroplasty using a COREN stem. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 224 primary cementless hip arthroplasty implantations were performed using a COREN stem between 2009 and 2011; among these, evaluation of 128 hips was performed during a minimum follow-up period of 10 years. The mean age of patients was 65.4 years (range, 40-82 years) and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.8 years (range, 10-12 years). Evaluation of clinical hip function and radiologic implant outcomes was performed according to clinical score, thigh pain, and radiologic analysis. Results: Dramatic improvement of the mean Harris hip score (HHS) from 59.4 preoperatively to 93.5 was observed at the final follow-up (P≤0.01). Stable fixation was demonstrated for all implants with no change in position except for one case of Vancouver type B2 periprosthetic femur fracture. A radiolucent line (RLL) was observed in 16 hips (12.5%). Thigh pain was observed in only two hips (1.6%) at the final follow-up. There were no cases of osteolysis around the stem. The survival rate for the COREN stem was 97.7%. Conclusion: Good long-term survival with excellent clinical and radiological outcomes can be achieved using the COREN femoral stem regardless of Dorr type.

Injerto Autólogo de Calcar Femoral como Contrafuerte para Artroplastía en Fracturas Laterales de Cadera

Resumen Las fracturas de cadera representan una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la población adulta, más del 50% corresponden a fracturas laterales, y entre ellas están las inestables que son de difícil manejo. Objetivo: analizar los resultados clínico-radiológicos de pacientes tratados con artroplastía parcial de cadera por fracturas transtrocantericas, utilizando injerto autólogo de calcar femoral. Métodos: el estudio prospectivo de enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 11 pacientes con fractura transtrocanterica de cadera, en quienes se realizó artroplastía utilizando un injerto de calcar femoral, con un seguimiento entre 4 a 6 meses, en el Hospital Obrero N°2 de Cochabamba. Se analizaron características clínicas, radiológicas y se realiza una descripción de la técnica quirúrgica. Resultados: la edad promedio de la población de estudio fue de 83,4 años, siendo el sexo femenino el 63,6% (7 pacientes) y el sexo masculino 36,4% (4 pacientes). Según la clasificación de la AO para fracturas laterales de cadera, el tipo 31A2.2 fue el principal con 45,5%. Mas del 50% tenían buena estabilidad según las zonas de Gruen. Mas del 60% evolucionaron entre bueno y excelente, según la escala de Harris, con un promedio de 83,65 (rango de 67,1 a 90,8) al tercer mes y un promedio de 84,74 al sexto mes. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de las fracturas laterales de cadera mediante esta técnica, creemos que puede ser una alternativa para el manejo de pacientes con fractura inestable, con altas probabilidades de falla de osteosíntesis y principalmente cuando el paciente y familiares estén de acuerdo con el procedimiento.

Abstract Hip fractures represent an important cause of morbimortality in the adult population, more than 50% correspond to lateral fractures, anc these include unstable fractures that are difficult to manage. Objective: to analyze the clinical and radiological results of patients treatec with partial hip arthroplasty for transtrochanteric fractures, using autologous femoral calcar graft. Methods: prospective study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 11 patients with transtrochanteric hip fracture, who underwent arthroplasty using a femoral calcar graft, with a follow-up of 4 to 6 months, at the Hospital Obrero N°2 of Cochabamba. Clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed and a description of the surgical technique was made. Results: the average age of the study population was 83.4 years with 63.6% female (7 patients) and 36.4% male (4 patients). According to the AO classification for lateral hip fractures, type 31A2.2 was the main one with 45.5%. More than 50% of the patients had good stability according to the Gruen zones. More than 60% evolved between good and excellent, according to the Harris scale, with an average of 83.65 (range from 67.1 to 90.8) at the third month and an average of 84.74 at the sixth month. Conclusions: we believe that the treatment of lateral hip fractures using this technique can be an alternative for the management of patients with unstable fractures, with a high probability of osteosynthesis failure and mainly when the patient and relatives agree with the procedure.

Artroplastia de quadril no Sistema Único de Saúde: análise dos óbitos hospitalares no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Hip arthroplasty in the Brazilian Unified National Health System: analysis of hospital deaths in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Artroplastia de cadera en el Sistema Único de Salud: análisis de las muertes hospitalarias en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

O envelhecimento populacional traz desafios ao sistema de saúde. O aumento das doenças degenerativas articulares e a ocorrência de quedas podem demandar a realização de artroplastia de quadril. Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores associados a óbitos hospitalares por artroplastia de quadril no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Realizou-se um estudo transversal utilizando o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, considerando internações e óbitos por artroplastias de quadril ocorridos entre 2016-2018. As análises consideraram as internações por caráter de atendimento (eletivo, urgência e acidentes ou lesão e envenenamento). Realizou-se regressão logística binária para obter a razão de chance de óbito. A mortalidade aumentou conforme a gravidade da internação. A maioria das internações com óbito foi por fratura de fêmur, demandando cuidados intensivos, tempo médio de permanência de 21,5 dias, envolveu mulheres com 80 anos e mais, da raça/cor branca, que realizaram procedimento em unidades habilitadas em alta complexidade em ortopedia e traumatologia, municipais e classificadas como geral II, localizadas na região de moradia do usuário. A chance de óbito se mostrou significativa para a idade do usuário, uso de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e permanência hospitalar. Espera-se aumento da demanda por artroplastias de quadril e reabilitação física com o envelhecimento populacional. As equipes de saúde devem estar preparadas para lidar com uma população envelhecida. Conhecer os fatores que incrementem o risco de óbito favorece o planejamento e o manejo do cuidado pela equipe hospitalar, inclusive no sentido de diminuir a permanência hospitalar, tão impactante na condição funcional de pessoas idosas.

Population aging brings challenges to the health system. Increased degenerative joint diseases and occurrence of falls may require hip arthroplasties. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with hospital deaths due to hip arthroplasties in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Brazilian Hospital Information System of the SUS, considering hospitalizations and deaths from hip arthroplasties that occurred between 2016 to 2018. The analyses considered hospitalizations by type of care (elective, urgency and accidents or injury and poisoning). Binary logistic regression was performed to obtain a ratio for the chance of death. Mortality increased according to the severity of hospitalization. Most of the hospitalizations with death were due to femoral fracture, demanded intensive care, had mean length of stay of 21.5 days, and involved women aged 80 years and over, of the white race/color, who had their procedure performed in municipal units qualified in orthopedics and traumatology of high complexity and classified as general II, located in the patients' region of residence. The chance of death was significant for the age of the patient, use of intensive care unit (ICU), and length of hospital stay. We expect an increase in the demand for hip arthroplasties and physical rehabilitation due to population aging. Health teams must be prepared to deal with an ageing population. Knowing the factors that increase the risk of death favors care planning and management by hospital staff, including in the reduction of hospital stay, which is so impactful on the functional condition of the elderly.

El envejecimiento poblacional trae desafíos al sistema de salud. El aumento de las enfermedades degenerativas articulares y la incidencia de caídas pueden demandar la realización de artroplastias de cadera. Tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores asociados a las muertes hospitalarias por artroplastias de cadera en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), en el Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del SUS, considerando hospitalizaciones y muertes por artroplastias de cadera ocurridas entre 2016-2018. Los análisis consideraron las hospitalizaciones según la naturaleza de la atención (electiva, urgencia y accidentes o lesiones e intoxicaciones). Se realizó una regresión logística binaria para obtener la razón de probabilidad de muerte. La mortalidad aumentó según la gravedad de la hospitalización. La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones con muerte se debió a la fractura de fémur, y requirió cuidados intensivos, tiempo promedio de estancia de 21,5 días, correspondió a mujeres de 80 años o más, de raza/color blanca, a quienes se sometió al procedimiento en unidades habilitadas de alta complejidad en ortopedia y traumatología, municipal y clasificadas como general II, ubicadas en la región de residencia del usuario. La probabilidad de muerte se mostró significativa para la edad del usuario, el uso de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y la estancia hospitalaria. Se espera que la demanda de artroplastias de cadera y rehabilitación física aumente a medida que la población envejece. Los equipos de salud deben estar preparados para atender a una población que envejece. El conocimiento de los factores que incrementan el riesgo de muerte favorece la planificación y el manejo del cuidado por parte del equipo hospitalario, incluso en el sentido de reducir la estancia hospitalaria, que tanto afecta la condición funcional de la persona mayor.

Ações judiciais por artroplastia de quadril no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2016-2018 / Legal claims to obtain hip replacement surgery in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016-2018 / Acciones judiciales por artroplastia de cadera en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, 2016-2018

Analisar as características processuais, médico-sanitárias e dos demandantes das ações por artroplastia de quadril, ajuizadas contra os entes públicos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de 2016 a 2018. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, cujo objeto foi ações por artroplastia de quadril, ajuizadas contra os entes públicos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, localizadas na base de dados do Sistema Estadual de Regulação e do Núcleo de Apoio Técnico do Judiciário do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro (NAT-JUS), protocoladas entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2018. A análise dos dados se deu por segmento de justiça. Foram localizadas 89 ações judiciais por artroplastia de quadril. A maioria foi ajuizada na Justiça estadual, contou com litisconsórcio passivo, foi impulsionada pela Defensoria Pública, teve o pedido de antecipação de tutela deferido e o pedido considerado procedente, e não houve interposição de recurso à sentença. Mais da metade das ações foram encaminhadas ao NAT-JUS. O grupo de usuários com doenças osteodegenerativas esperou aproximadamente sete meses, enquanto o grupo com agravos de natureza emergencial aguardou quase dois meses para a realização do procedimento, desde a data de distribuição da ação judicial. As ações judiciais por artroplastia de quadril mostraram semelhanças e diferenças em relação a outros pleitos, objeto de outros estudos, o que pode exigir estratégias específicas para sua qualificação. O acesso à artroplastia de quadril, por via judicial, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro encontra-se prejudicado, entendendo as demandas como referência de necessidades não atendidas.

This study analyzed the court proceedings, health characteristics of the patients, and plaintiffs' characteristics in lawsuits for hip replacement surgery from public health services in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data employed was from the Technical Support Center for the Judiciary of the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice (NAT-JUS) database, from January 2016 to December 2018. Data were analyzed according to tiers in the court system. There were 89 lawsuits filed for hip replacement surgery and most of them were tried in the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ), with joint plaintiffs, represented by the Public Defender's Office. They had advance relief granted, and were ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, with no appeals filed. More than half of the cases were referred to NAT-JUS. The osteoarthritis group waited approximately seven months, while the emergency conditions group waited nearly two months from the date of filing to obtain the procedure. The lawsuits for hip replacement surgery showed similarities and differences in relation to other claims, object of others studies, which means that the strategies for their qualification. The study found that access to hip replacement surgery related to lawsuits in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in the State of Rio de Janeiro is jeopardized, with the claims considered as an indicator of unmet needs

Analizar las características procesuales, médico-sanitarias y de los demandantes de las acciones por artroplastia de cadera, judicializadas contra entes públicos en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, de 2016 a 2018. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, cuyo objeto fueron acciones por artroplastia de cadera, judicializadas contra entes públicos en el estado de Río de Janeiro, localizadas en la base de datos del Sistema Estatal de Regulación y del Núcleo de Apoyo Técnico del Poder Judicial del Tribunal de Justicia de Río de Janeiro (NAT-JUS), protocolizadas entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2018. El análisis de los datos se dio por segmento de justicia. Se localizaron 89 acciones judiciales por artroplastia de cadera. La mayoría fueron judicializadas en la justicia estatal, contó con litisconsorcio pasivo, fue impulsada por la Defensoría Pública, tuvo la petición de anticipación de tutela diferida y la petición considerada procedente, y no existió interposición de recurso a la sentencia. Más de la mitad de las acciones se dirigieron al NAT-JUS. El grupo de usuarios con enfermedades osteodegenerativas esperó aproximadamente siete meses, mientras el grupo con agravios de naturaleza urgente aguardó casi dos meses para la realización del procedimiento, desde la fecha de distribución de la acción judicial. Las acciones judiciales por artroplastia de cadera mostraron semejanzas y diferencias, en relación a otros pleitos, objeto de otros estudios, lo que puede exigir estrategias específicas para su cualificación. El acceso a la artroplastia de cadera en el SUS relacionado a las demandas judiciales en el estado de Río de Janeiro se encuentra perjudicado, entendiendo las demandas como hitos de necesidades no atendidas.

Harris Hip Score and SF-36 following metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing - a randomized controlled trial with 5-years follow up including 75 patients.

BACKGROUND: The metal-on-metal large-diameter-head (MoM-LDH) hip replacements increased in popularity during the start of the twenty-first century. Subsequently reports raised concerns regarding adverse reactions due to elevated chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations as well as high rates of other complications and revisions. The purpose was to compare Harris Hip Score and SF-36 at 5-years follow up following MoM-LDH total hip arthroplasty (MoM-LDH-THA) or MoM hip resurfacing (MoM-HR). METHODS: The study was conducted between November 2006 to January 2012 in a tertiary health care center in Denmark. Patients with primary or secondary osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive a Magnum (MoM-LDH-THA) or a Recap (MoM-HR) prosthesis. Randomization was computer generated and allocation was concealed in an opaque envelope. Neither patients nor care provider were blinded. Primary outcome was Harris Hip Score at 5-years follow up. RESULTS: Seventy-five were included and allocated to the MoM-LDH-THA (n = 39) and MoM-HR (n = 36) group. The study was prematurely stopped due to numerous reports of adverse events in patients with MoM hip replacements. Thirty-three in the MoM-LDH-THA and 25 in the MoM-HR group were available for primary outcome analysis. Median Harris Hip Score was 100 (IQR: 98-100) for MoM-LDH-THA and 100 (IQR: 93-100) for MoM-HR (p = 0.486). SF-36 score was high in both groups with no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Harris Hip Score and SF-36 score was excellent in both groups with no significant difference at 5-years follow up. Our findings suggest that there is no clinical important difference between the two prostheses implanted 5 years after implantation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04585022 , Registered 23 September 2020 - Retrospectively registered. This study was not prospectively registered in a clinical trial database since it was not an entirely implemented standard procedure in the international orthopedic society when the study was planned.

Hip arthoplasty in a forester after numerous tick bites.

Arthritis is one of the most important symptoms of late-stage borreliosis, observed in approximately 60% of untreated patients with Lyme disease. In several percent of them, this manifestation is of interest to orthopedic surgeons. The authors present a case of a patient, working as a forester, who underwent left hip replacement arthroplasty having contracted a Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the past, and who was hospitalized 12 years before in the infectious ward due to suspected neuroborreliosis for which he was treated with Ceftriaxone 2 × 2.0 g intravenously for 4 weeks. At that time, a tomographic examination of the spinal cord revealed herniated nuclei at levels L4/L5 and L5/S1, which filled the left lateral recess, narrowing the intervertebral holes and compressing the nerve roots on the left side of L4 and L5. In September 2019, total hip replacement in the patient's left hip joint was performed. It is concluded that an active role of neuroborreliosis in this process of hip joint destruction may be suggested. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(5):693-9.

Preventing VTE following total hip and knee arthroplasty: Is prediction the future?

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Many guidelines advise on the ideal pharmacological thromboprophylaxis strategy; however, despite its use, approximately 1.5% of patients still develop symptomatic VTE. Considering the large number of THAs and TKAs performed worldwide (2.5 million in total), the impact of VTE following these interventions is enormous. This paper discusses a concept how to further lower rates of VTE and bleeding complications following surgery. By stratifying patients according to their risk, we can optimize the balance between VTE and bleeding for each individual. This way, low-risk patients may be safely withheld from treatment (and avoid unnecessary bleeding complications and costs), whereas high-risk patients should receive adequate therapy (for instance, an increased thromboprophylaxis dosage and duration). An individualized strategy requires a well-functioning VTE prediction model following THA and TKA to help physicians to decide on optimal thromboprophylaxis therapy.

Incidence and Associated Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults Postdischarge Who Undergo Elective Total Hip Replacement Surgery-A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Hip replacement surgery improves health-related quality of life; however, it has been suggested that falls rates increase after hospital discharge. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and associated risk factors for falls in older adults in the 12 months after undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Participants were adults aged 60 years or older who underwent primary elective total hip replacement surgery in a private tertiary hospital in Perth, Australia. Baseline data collected immediately prior to discharge included use of walking aids, medications, and functional level of independence (using Katz and Lawton scales). Falls data were collected for 12 months using calendars and monthly phone calls. Data were analyzed using logistic and negative binomial regression modeling. RESULTS: Participants' ([n = 167], 54.4% female) mean age was 71.2 (±6.9) years. There were 51 (31%) participants who used a walking aid prior to surgery. There were 140 falls reported over 12 months by 67 (42%) participants, of which 90 (64.3%) were injurious (n = 9 fractures). The fall rate was 2.6 per 1000 patient-days. Age (adjusted odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.20) and hospital length of stay (adjusted odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.54).were significantly associated with sustaining multiple falls. CONCLUSIONS: More than 40% of older adults fell in the 12 months after elective hip replacement surgery although the cohort had low fall risk prior to surgery. Rehabilitation after hip replacement surgery should consider fall prevention.