Severe rigid hip flexion-abduction contracture in cerebral palsy: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: severe, rigid hip abduction deformity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is an exceptionally uncommon condition. This posture hinders the positioning in the wheelchair and the completion of basic activities of daily living (ADL). Addressing such severe deformities can be quite challenging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a 14-year-old male, with spastic-dystonic quadriplegic CP, developed rigid and severe flexion-abduction contractures in both hips, characterized by 90 degrees of flexion and 100 degrees of abduction. These contractures severely impeded his ability to comfortably use a wheelchair and even pass through doorways. Performing basic ADLs became a significant challenge for both the patient and his caregivers. RESULTS: the treatment approach involved a two-stage surgical procedure, one for each hip, with a two-month interval between them. An extensive release of the fascia latae, gluteus maximus, external rotators, and hip flexors; in combination with a proximal femur osteotomy were performed. To maintain the corrections achieved, long-leg casts connected with two bars were employed, followed by orthotic support and physiotherapy. Following the procedure, lower limb adduction was achieved, and the patient and caregivers were highly satisfied, as ADLs and basic caregiving had been greatly facilitated. CONCLUSIONS: while the available literature on the management of severe rigid abduction hip contractures in non-ambulatory CP patients is limited, and treatment options are often complex, the present case underscores the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach involving soft tissue release and bone surgery. Achieving a more favorable wheelchair positioning and facilitating basic ADLs and care represents a significant success for patients and families.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la deformidad severa y rígida en abducción de cadera en individuos con parálisis cerebral (PC) es una condición infrecuente. Esta postura dificulta el posicionamiento en la silla de ruedas y la realización de actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVD). El tratamiento de estas deformidades tan severas puede ser todo un reto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: varón de 14 años, con PC tetrapléjica espástica-distónica, que desarrolló contracturas rígidas y severas de flexión-abducción en ambas caderas, caracterizadas por 90 grados de flexión y 100 grados de abducción. Estas contracturas impedían gravemente su capacidad para utilizar cómodamente una silla de ruedas e incluso pasar por las puertas. La realización de actividades básicas de la vida diaria se convirtió en un reto importante tanto para el paciente como para sus cuidadores. RESULTADOS: el tratamiento consistió en una intervención quirúrgica en dos fases, una para cada cadera, con un intervalo de dos meses entre ellas. Se realizó una amplia liberación de la fascia lata, el glúteo mayor, los rotadores externos y los flexores de la cadera; en combinación con una osteotomía proximal del fémur. Para mantener las correcciones conseguidas, se emplearon escayolas de pierna larga conectadas con dos barras, seguidas de soporte ortésico y fisioterapia. Tras la intervención, se consiguió la aducción de los miembros inferiores y el paciente y los cuidadores se mostraron muy satisfechos, ya que se habían facilitado en gran medida las AVD y los cuidados básicos. CONCLUSIONES: aunque la bibliografía disponible sobre el tratamiento de las contracturas rígidas graves de la cadera en abducción en pacientes no deambulantes con PC es limitada, y las opciones de tratamiento suelen ser complejas, el presente caso subraya la eficacia de un enfoque integral que incluye la liberación de los tejidos blandos y la cirugía ósea. Conseguir una posición más favorable en la silla de ruedas y facilitar las AVD básicas y los cuidados representa un éxito significativo para los pacientes y sus familias.

Ultrasonography Facilitates the Diagnosis of Traumatic Iliopsoas Hemorrhage: A Report of Two Cases with Different Patterns.

We report two cases of traumatic iliopsoas hemorrhage, without hemoperitoneum, initially detected by ultrasound. Flexion hip contracture in the first case and incomplete femoral nerve palsy in the second case alerted the sonographer to the possibility of traumatic iliopsoas hemorrhage. The first case involved a 54-year-old man who complained of progressive right flank pain and difficulty in walking after falling to the ground. The second case involved a 34-year-old man who complained of severe lower back pain and numbness and weakness of the left leg after a motorcycle accident. In both cases, iliopsoas hemorrhage was confirmed on subsequent multidetector computed tomography.

SPINOPELVIC MOBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS AND TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY INDICATION.

Introduction: Reduction of spinopelvic mobility is associated with an increased dislocation of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Objective: To assess 1) spinopelvic mobility in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis and THA indication and 2) the influence of hip flexion contracture on spinopelvic mobility. Methods: Thirty adult patients with primary hip osteoarthritis and THA indication were evaluated using radiographic parameters (pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar flexibility, and spinopelvic mobility). Results: Spinopelvic mobility ranged from 6.90 a 54.50° (mean 32.79 ± 11.42) and the group of patients with hip flexion contracture had higher mobility. Spinopelvic mobility was correlated with pelvic tilt as well as with lumbar flexibility. Conclusion: Around 13.4% of patients had spinopelvic mobility under 20° , indicating reduced spinopelvic mobility and risk of THA dislocation. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

Introdução: A redução da mobilidade espinopélvica tem sido associada com o risco de luxação da prótese total do quadril. Objetivos: Avaliar a mobilidade espinopélvica nos pacientes com artrose primária da articulação do quadril e com indicação de artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ), e a influência da contratura em flexão do quadril sobre a mobilidade espinopélvica. Métodos: Trinta pacientes adultos com artrose primária do quadril e indicação de ATQ foram avaliados por meio de parâmetros radiográficos (incidência pélvica, versão pélvica, inclinação do sacro, mobilidade da coluna lombar e mobilidade espinopélvica). Resultados: A mobilidade espinopélvica variou de 6,90 a 54,50 graus (média 32,79 ± 11,42), e foi estatisticamente maior no grupo de pacientes com contratura em flexão do quadril. Foi observado correlação entre a mobilidade espinopélvica e a versão pélvica e flexibilidade da coluna lombar. Conclusão: A mobilidade espinopélvica abaixo de 20 graus, que caracteriza a redução da mobilidade espinopélvica e risco aumentado de luxação ou impacto dos componentes da prótese total foi observada em 13,4% dos pacientes. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.

Spinopelvic mobility in patients with hip osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty indication / Mobilidade espinopélvica nos pacientes com artrose do quadril e indicação de artroplastia total

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reduction of spinopelvic mobility is associated with an increased dislocation of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Objective: To assess 1) spinopelvic mobility in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis and THA indication and 2) the influence of hip flexion contracture on spinopelvic mobility. Methods: Thirty adult patients with primary hip osteoarthritis and THA indication were evaluated using radiographic parameters (pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar flexibility, and spinopelvic mobility). Results: Spinopelvic mobility ranged from 6.90 a 54.50° (mean 32.79 ± 11.42) and the group of patients with hip flexion contracture had higher mobility. Spinopelvic mobility was correlated with pelvic tilt as well as with lumbar flexibility. Conclusion: Around 13.4% of patients had spinopelvic mobility under 20° , indicating reduced spinopelvic mobility and risk of THA dislocation. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

RESUMO Introdução: A redução da mobilidade espinopélvica tem sido associada com o risco de luxação da prótese total do quadril. Objetivos: Avaliar a mobilidade espinopélvica nos pacientes com artrose primária da articulação do quadril e com indicação de artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ), e a influência da contratura em flexão do quadril sobre a mobilidade espinopélvica. Métodos: Trinta pacientes adultos com artrose primária do quadril e indicação de ATQ foram avaliados por meio de parâmetros radiográficos (incidência pélvica, versão pélvica, inclinação do sacro, mobilidade da coluna lombar e mobilidade espinopélvica). Resultados: A mobilidade espinopélvica variou de 6,90 a 54,50 graus (média 32,79 ± 11,42), e foi estatisticamente maior no grupo de pacientes com contratura em flexão do quadril. Foi observado correlação entre a mobilidade espinopélvica e a versão pélvica e flexibilidade da coluna lombar. Conclusão: A mobilidade espinopélvica abaixo de 20 graus, que caracteriza a redução da mobilidade espinopélvica e risco aumentado de luxação ou impacto dos componentes da prótese total foi observada em 13,4% dos pacientes. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.

Hip contractures were associated with low gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.

AIM: The aim was to identify the prevalence of hip contractures and their association with gross motor function and pain in the lower extremities among Danish children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on data collected during regular clinical examinations in 2018-2019 and registered in the National Danish Clinical Quality Database of children with CP. The study population was 688 children (59% boys) aged five to 12 years across all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. Any associations between hip contracture and gross motor function and pain were investigated with logistic regression analysis and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of hip contracture was 22% across all five GMFCS levels, and the incidence varied across the five Danish regions. The odds ratios for hip contracture were significantly higher at GMFCS level IV (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.10-3.62) and V (OR 5.49, 95% CI 3.33-9.07) compared with level I. Hip contractures were not significantly associated with pain in the lower extremities (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.95-2.15). CONCLUSION: Hip contractures were frequent and associated with low gross motor function, but not lower extremity pain, in children with CP.

Hip subluxation and osteophye morphology are related to coronal contracture of the hip.

Coronal hip contracture induces pelvic obliquity in the presence of hip osteoarthritis (HOA), followed by the functional leg-length discrepancy. To promote accurate diagnosis of contracture and proper management of soft tissue release in total hip arthroplasty (THA), this study aimed to clarify the morphological features on plain radiographs that are related to contracture in patients with HOA. Two hundred forty-three hips of 231 patients with HOA who underwent primary THA were included in this study. Preoperative pelvic radiographs of the bilateral hips in maximum adduction and abduction were used to quantify contracture. Patients were grouped according to their contracture as having abduction contracture, adduction contracture, or minimal contracture. We investigated HOA, subluxation, anatomical factors, spinal factors, and the morphology of osteophytes at the inferomedial femoral head and compared parameters among groups to clarify the predictors of contracture. Eighteen hips (7.6%) were classified as having adduction contracture and 23 (9.4%) as having abduction contracture. Crowe classification, leg-length discrepancy, and osteophyte morphology showed significant correlations with adduction contracture. Factors significantly correlated with abduction contracture were offset difference, pelvic obliquity, functional femoral anteversion, and osteophyte morphology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factor most strongly related to adduction contracture was Crowe III classification, whereas the strongest predictor of abduction contracture was osteophyte morphology. In conclusion, hip subluxation was related to the adduction contracture of the hip, whereas osteophyte morphology was related to abduction contracture.

Prone Position-Induced Quadriceps Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials Signal Loss-A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) is widely used intraoperatively to monitor spinal cord and nerve root function. To our knowledge, there is no report regarding TcMEP signal loss purely caused by patient positioning during the spinal procedure. PURPOSE: The objective of this article is to report an intraoperative TcMEP signal loss of a patient with fixed sagittal imbalance posture along with mild hip contractures. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case report. METHODS: A 57-year-old man had fixed sagittal imbalance and flexed hip contractures. For a reconstruction surgery of T10 to the sacrum/ilium and L5 pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), he was put in a prone position on a Jackson table. In order to accommodate his fixed hip flexion contracture, thigh pads were not used and pillows were placed under his bilateral thighs for cushioning. TcMEPs were used to assess lumbar nerve root function. Ten minutes after incision, bilateral vastus medialis TcMEPs were lost during spine exposure whereas all other data remained normal at baseline. The bilateral lower extremities were repositioned, with the knees flexed into a sling position to increase hip flexion. Five minutes after repositioning, the bilateral vastus medialis TcMEPs gradually improved and maintained baseline amplitude during the remainder of the surgery. RESULTS: No muscle weakness was detected immediately after surgery. The patient was discharged day 6 postoperatively with markedly improved posture and alignment. CONCLUSION: Insufficient hip flexion in patients with fixed sagittal imbalance and hip flexion contractures may cause TcMEP signal changes in the quadriceps response. TcMEP monitoring of bilateral lower extremities is highly recommended for patients with sagittal imbalance and hip contractures, with consideration for lower extremity repositioning when data degradation does not correlate with the actual spinal procedure being performed.

Paraplegic flexion contracture of hip joints: An unsolvable problem.

Paraplegic flexion contracture of hip joints beyond 90° is a difficult condition to treat for any orthopedic surgeon. There is no fixed protocol of treatment described, by and large it is individualized. A 20 year old female presented with paraplegia for last 15 years due to irrecoverable spinal cord disease with complete sensory and motor loss of both lower extremities and was admitted with acute flexion contracture of both hip joints with trunk resting on thighs. She underwent bilateral proximal femoral resection. Both hip joints were straight immediately after surgery and patient could lie on her back. In a course of time, she started sitting on her buttocks, led a comfortable wheelchair life with a sitting balance. Proximal femoral resection is an effective method to treat long standing irrecoverable paraplegic acute flexion deformity of the hip joint.

Gluteal muscle fibrosis with abduction contracture of the hip.

PURPOSE: Gluteal muscle fibrosis with hip contracture is a rare condition and causes major disability; literature reports are sparse. The aim of this study is to present, for the first time in Iraq and the region, a case series of gluteal fibrosis and the results of surgical treatment. METHODS: Seven children--six boys and one girl--diagnosed as having gluteal muscle fibrosis with hip contracture, were investigated and treated by open surgical release of fibrotic bands and physiotherapy. RESULTS: All patients improved dramatically over the subsequent weeks, and were able to sit and squat in the normal position. CONCLUSIONS: Gluteal muscle fibrosis with hip contracture is present in Iraq and more awareness is needed for early diagnosis. Surgical treatment provided excellent results. More studies are needed to delineate the aetiology of the condition.

Anterior hip dislocation in children with neurological disorders. A retrospective study of ten operated hips.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with neurological disorders often exhibit dislocation or subluxation of the hip. Anterior dislocation is rare, little known, and often associated with deformities. Its surgical treatment has rarely been studied. HYPOTHESIS: Hip surgery (with open reduction, femoral and pelvic osteotomy, and adapted tenotomies) could provide a centered hip that is supple and painless. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten hips (seven dislocated, three subluxated) in six patients with a mean age of 8.3 years were operated between 1995 and 2009 and revised with a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. The deformities comprised four cases of abduction, extension, and external rotation and six cases of adduction, extension, and external rotation. Four patients had lost the ability to walk or maintain the sitting position. Intraoperative findings were an increased neck-shaft angle, anterosuperior acetabular dysplasia, and in only one case increased femoral anteversion. In all cases of dislocation, open reduction was necessary, and all hips underwent pelvic and femoral osteotomy. RESULTS: At the longest follow-up, hips were centered on X-rays. Five patients could walk or sit as they had done before and hips were supple, with no deformities. DISCUSSION: The study of deformities and intraoperative findings is mandatory for surgical management, whose mid-term results are encouraging. Femoral anteversion does not seem to be excessive, but the increase of femoral valgus is constant, as is anterosuperior acetabular dysplasia. We propose a decision tree for the management of these patients. DESIGN OF STUDY: Retrospective. LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE: IV.

Psoas Abscess with Hip Contracture in a Patient with Crohn's Disease / 대한소화기학회지

A psoas abscess (PA) is a rare clinical entity but is potentially serious condition which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The diagnosis is frequently delayed due to its variable and nonspecific features and occult clinical course. The delay in diagnosis and treatment of PA is the major poor prognostic factor. We describe herein a case of the sterile psoas abscess complicating Cronh's disease which presented as hip flexion contracture. A 29-year-old man, at remission stage of CD involving ileocolic segment, was admitted due to pain from hip contracture. He had no bloody diarrhea and no abdominal pain. PA was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. PA with hip contracture was completely treated with surgical excision, irrigation, drainage, and antibiotics. PA was sterile and there was no evidence of a fistulous communication from the bowel. Once suspected, aggressive diagnostic work up and definitive operative intervention is needed.

Clinical study of the pelvis obliquity accompanied with the gluteal muscle contracture / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To analyze the cause and treatment effect of pelvis obliquity accompanied with the gluteal muscle contracture. Methods 84 cases of gluteal muscle contracture with pelvis obliquity and their pelvis obliquity direction were examined. During surgery it was emphasized that release of the glutaeus minimus and glutaeus medius muscle contracture must be complete in order to expect correction of pelvis obliquity. Results Among the 84 cases of gluteal contracture with the pelvis obliquity, 76(90％ ) cases had gluteal muscle contracture of the longer limp. Follow-up had been done in 68 cases for 2.6 years. The pelvis obliquity disappeared completely in 63 of the 68 cases. Among the 63 cases, 61 cases underwent operation once while 2 cases needed revision operation. 3 of 68 cases were corrected partly. The other two cases had unstability in steps as a result of poor function of the gluteal abductors. Conclusion The main cause of the pelvis obliquity is contracture of the glutaeus minimus and medius muscles. The glutaeus minimus muscle contracture is an important factor that cause the pelvis obliquity in gluteal muscle contracture and should be released completely by surgery.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ARTHROSCOPY IN EXTERIOR JOINT SURGERY / 解放军医学杂志

To introduce the methods of the arthroscopy for exterior joint surgery, 45 cases have been subjected to surgical operations under arthroscopy in the exterior of joint during June 1999 to July 2002, including 14 for gluteus constrictor releasing by radiofrequency, 5 for removing of the screw and plate of the femur shaft, 3 for reduction and internal fixation for the fracture of humerus greater tubercle under the arthroscopy, 8 for removal of popliteal fosse cyst, and 15 for releasing carpal tunnel syndrome. The results showed that the function was satisfactory after reduction and internal fixation for humerus greater tubercle fracture, releasing of gluteus contracture and removing of popliteal fossa cyst by radiofrequency under arthroscopy. The symptoms of numbness and pain disappeared after carpal tunnel release by arthroscopy. No blood vessel and nerve injury, occurred and no recurrence and infection were found. In conclusion, the procedures of arthroscopy are with minimum invasion, less pain and easy for early rehabilitation for all treated cases. It can be used not only for joint disease but also be selective for the exterior joint surgery as well.