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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(supl.1): 144-153, mayo 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394002

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El hipotiroidismo congénito es la principal causa de discapacidad cognitiva prevenible en el mundo. Para detectarlo se han desarrollado programas de tamización, con el fin de disminuir las secuelas neurológicas asociadas. El seguimiento y las evaluaciones a mediano y largo plazo de estos pacientes son fundamentales. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo congénito en el marco del programa de tamización del Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional de corte transversal. La población de estudio fueron los pacientes con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo congénito en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre el 2001 y el 2017. Resultados. Se contactó a 14 de los 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo congénito en el programa de tamizaje del Hospital. Los 14 niños estaban escolarizados, y la mayoría tenía el peso y la talla adecuados, aunque hubo talla baja en dos de ellos. El diagnóstico etiológico más frecuente fue hipoplasia tiroidea. Todos empezaron su tratamiento y el seguimiento oportunamente. La alteración más frecuente en las pruebas neuropsicológicas se registró en la memoria. El nivel de educación materno podría estar relacionado con el resultado anormal en el dominio del lenguaje. Conclusión. En el presente estudio, las alteraciones en las pruebas de memoria fueron las más prevalentes; sin embargo, dado el diseño y el tipo de estudio, se requieren más investigaciones que permitan establecer asociaciones. El crecimiento y el desarrollo puberal presentaron una frecuencia baja de alteraciones.


Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the leading cause of preventable cognitive disability in the world. Therefore, screening programs have been developed in order to reduce the neurological sequelae associated with this pathology. Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, the treatment, and the follow-up of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the screening program at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study. The study population was patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at the Hospital between 2001 and 2017. Results: Fourteen of the 19 patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the hospital screening program were contacted. All of the patients had schooling, most of them had adequate weight and height, and two had short stature. In most of them, the etiological diagnosis was thyroid hypoplasia, and all began the treatment and follow-up in an adequate way. The most frequent alteration in the neuropsychological tests was in the memory domain and the level of maternal education could be related to an abnormal result in the domain of language. Conclusion: In our study, alterations in the memory tests were the most prevalent; however, due to the design and type of study, more research is required to establish associations. A low frequency of abnormal growth and puberty was found.


Subject(s)
Congenital Hypothyroidism , Thyroid Hormones , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Growth , Mental Disorders
2.
Cienc. Salud (St. Domingo) ; 6(2): 95-102, 20220520. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379469

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Kocher Debré Semelaigne (SKDS) se describe dentro de las formas clínicas atípicas asociadas al hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) severo, no tratado y de larga evolución, con manifestaciones de pseudohipertrofia muscular difusa y debilidad muscular predominantemente proximal, reversible al reemplazo con tiroxina. Es raro en países con programas de pesquisa neonatal. Objetivo: reportar el caso de un niño con diagnóstico de HC por disembriogenesis (atireosis), que se mantuvo con mal control de la enfermedad durante el primer año de vida y manifestaciones miopáticas desde la etapa neonatal. Resultados: se confirma el diagnóstico a través de estudios específicos, con evidencias de patrones miopáticos característicos. Se logra regresión clínica parcial a los nueve meses de mantener estabilidad de la TSH y las hormonas tiroideas (HT), coincidiendo con la normalización de la enzima de músculo creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK). A los 12 años de seguimiento, mantenía ligera hipertrofia de la musculatura de las extremidades superiores, dorsales y glúteos, a pesar de mantenerse eutiroideo. Conclusiones: la presencia de hipertrofia muscular debe considerarse un dato clínico de sospecha de hipotiroidismo, aun con la implementación de los programas de pesquisa neonatal. Es posible la regresión parcial de la pseudohipertrofia muscular con el restablecimiento de la función tiroidea. Se debe tomar en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de otras miopatías primarias


Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne Syndrome (SKDS) is described within the atypical clinical forms associated with severe, untreated and long-standing congenital hypothyroidism with manifestations of diffuse muscle pseudohypertrophy and predominantly proximal muscle weakness, reversible to replacement with levothyroxine. objective: To report the case of a child with congenital hypothyroidism due to disembriogenesis (atyreosis), who remained with poor control of the disease during the 1st year of life and myopathic manifestations from de neonatal stage. Results: The diagnosis is confirmed through specific studies, with evidence of characteristic myopathic patterns. Partial clinical regression is achieved 9 months after maintaining stability of TSH and thyroid hormones, coinciding with the normalization of the muscle enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK). At 12 years of follow-up, he maintained slight hypertrophy of the muscle of the upper extremities, dorsal and buttocks, despite remaining euthyroid. Conclusions: The presence of muscular hypertrophy should be considered a clinical finding of suspected hypothyroidism, even with the implementation of neonatal screening programs. Partial regression of muscle pseudohypertrophy is possible with restoration of thyroid function, and should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of other primary myopathies


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Congenital Hypothyroidism/complications , Muscular Diseases/etiology , Thyroxine/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Skeletal Muscle Enlargement
3.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 33(1)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408260

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hipotiroidismo congénito puede afectar el estado emocional, las relaciones sociales y el nivel de independencia del adolescente. Estos aspectos pueden influir en la percepción de su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes con hipotiroidismo congénito permanente e identificar su posible relación con algunas características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en 40 adolescentes, varones y mujeres entre 10 y 19 años, registrados por el Programa Cubano de Diagnóstico Precoz de Hipotiroidismo Congénito, con el cuestionario genérico PedsQL TM ®, versión 4.0 para uso pediátrico. Resultados: Los mayores puntajes correspondieron a los adolescentes entre 10-14 años, del sexo masculino, nivel educacional primario, sin consumo de sustancias nocivas y que mostraron satisfacción con la vida familiar y un buen control de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes tienen una buena percepción de su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La dimensión y la función que más aportaron fueron la física y la social, respectivamente(AU)


Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism can affect the emotional state, social relationships and the level of independence of adolescents. These aspects can influence the perception of their health-related quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life of adolescents with permanent congenital hypothyroidism and to identify possible relationship with some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in 40 adolescents, male and female, between 10 and 19 years old, who were registered by the Cuban Program for Early Diagnosis, using the generic PedsQL TM ® questionnaire, version 4.0 for pediatric use, as an instrument. Results: The highest scores corresponded to adolescents between 10-14 years old, male, primary educational level, without harmful substance use and who showed satisfaction with family life and good control of the disease. Conclusions: Most adolescents have good perception of their health-related quality of life. The dimension and function that contributed the most were physical and social, respectively(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Personal Satisfaction , Quality of Life , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Early Diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
4.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 95(4): 277.e1-277.e8, Oct. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207794

ABSTRACT

El Programa de cribado o detección precoz del hipotiroidismo congénito es uno de los mayores avances logrados en Pediatría. Las hormonas tiroideas son imprescindibles para el desarrollo y la maduración cerebral, que continúan en la etapa neonatal. Las alteraciones de la función tiroidea en niños prematuros y con bajo peso en los primeros meses de vida origina lesiones irreversibles en el sistema nervioso central y es una de las causas más frecuentes y evitables de retraso mental. El diagnóstico en el periodo neonatal es difícil, por lo que requiere estudio analítico para poder efectuar el tratamiento adecuado.La relevancia de este problema justifica su difusión a todas las áreas de Pediatría. El objetivo principal, evitar el daño cerebral en estos pacientes. Otros aspectos para optimizar el desarrollo adecuado de estos niños con todos los controles periódicos necesarios y lograr la inclusión del diagnóstico de las alteraciones tiroideas durante la estancia en unidades neonatales y en los primeros meses de vida precisan implementar los recursos de los centros sanitarios y continuar avanzando según los conocimientos actuales.En el presente documento nos centraremos en el cribado de los recién nacidos pretérmino (< 32 semanas de gestación) o con muy bajo peso para la edad gestacional (1.500-1.000 g muy bajo peso al nacer, o<1.000 g peso extremadamente bajo al nacer) y la protocolización de evaluación de función tiroidea en prematuros.Actualizamos los procedimientos diagnósticos, las pruebas imprescindibles y complementarias requeridas, la etiología y los diagnósticos diferenciales en esta patología. (AU)


The screening program or early detection of congenital hypothyroidism is one of the greatest advances achieved in Pediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and maturation, which continue into the neonatal stage. Alterations in thyroid function in premature and underweight children in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system and is one of the most frequent and avoidable causes of mental retardation. Diagnosis in the neonatal period is difficult, so it requires an analytical study to be able to carry out the appropriate treatment.The relevance of this problem justifies its communication to all areas of pediatrics. The main objective is to avoid brain damage in these patients. Other aspects to optimize the adequate development of these children with all the necessary periodic controls and to achieve the inclusion of the diagnosis of thyroid alterations during the stay in neonatal units and in the first months of life, need to implement the resources of the health centers and continue advancing according to current knowledge.In this document, we will focus on the screening of preterm newborns VLBW (<32 weeks of gestation) and/or very low weight for gestational age (1500-1000g VLBW or <1000g) and the function evaluation protocol thyroid in premature babies.We update the diagnostic procedures, the essential and complementary tests required, the etiology and the differential diagnoses in this pathology. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Diagnostic Screening Programs , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnostic imaging , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Congenital Hypothyroidism/etiology , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Thyroid Function Tests , Spain
5.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 95(4): 277.e1-277.e8, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34535429

ABSTRACT

The screening program or early detection of congenital hypothyroidism is one of the greatest advances achieved in Pediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and maturation, which continue into the neonatal stage. Alterations in thyroid function in premature and underweight children in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system and is one of the most frequent and avoidable causes of mental retardation. Diagnosis in the neonatal period is difficult, so it requires an analytical study to be able to carry out the appropriate treatment. The relevance of this problem justifies its communication to all areas of pediatrics. The main objective is to avoid brain damage in these patients. Other aspects to optimize the adequate development of these children with all the necessary periodic controls and to achieve the inclusion of the diagnosis of thyroid alterations during the stay in neonatal units and in the first months of life, need to implement the resources of the health centers and continue advancing according to current knowledge. In this document, we will focus on the screening of preterm newborns VLBW (<32 weeks of gestation) and/or very low weight for gestational age (1500-1000 g VLBW or <1000 g) and the function evaluation protocol thyroid in premature babies. We update the diagnostic procedures, the essential and complementary tests required, the etiology and the differential diagnoses in this pathology.


Subject(s)
Congenital Hypothyroidism , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Child , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Neonatal Screening
6.
Iatreia ; 34(3)sept. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534567

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: establecer los factores sociales y clínicos asociados con el diagnóstico temprano de hipotiroidismo en pacientes con síndrome de Down en un hospital de alta complejidad de Colombia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en pacientes con hipotiroidismo y síndrome de Down de tres años o menos, atendidos entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se tuvo como fuente secundaria la información de las historias clínicas. La fuente primaria fue una encuesta telefónica realizada al cuidador del paciente, se evaluaron variables demográficas, sociales y clínicas. Resultados: se evaluaron 144 historias clínicas. De estas, 78 lograron cumplir con las variables. 32 pacientes presentaron hipotiroidismo, con ellos se realizó el estudio. El diagnóstico temprano de hipotiroidismo, entendido como el anterior a los 6 meses de edad, fue del 59,4 %. El hipotiroidismo clínico fue del 71,1 % con relación al subclínico. El 87,5 % mostró niveles de hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) inferiores a 15 mU/L neonatales y el 3 % de la población tuvo hipotiroidismo congénito. En el 50 % de los casos se logró diagnosticar hipotiroidismo en los tres primeros meses de vida. La talla al nacer con relación al diagnóstico temprano de hipotirodismo presentó un RP: 14, IC 95 %: 1,06-186. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico temprano de hipotiroidismo está asociado con la talla de los pacientes al nacer. Se debe realizar un control continuo de la función tiroidea en los primeros meses y años de vida de los pacientes con síndrome de Down, independiente de los valores de TSH neonatales.


SUMMARY Objective: To establish the social and clinical factors associated with the early diagnosis of hypothyroidism in patients with Down syndrome in a highly complex hospital in Colombia. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional and analytic study was conducted in patients with hypothyroidism and Down syndrome aged three years old or younger, attended between the years 2017 - 2018. We had as secondary source the information of the clinical histories and as primary source a telephone survey carried out to the caregiver of the patient, we evaluated demographic, social and clinical variables. Results: 144 clinical histories were evaluated, of which 78 were able to comply with the variables; 32 patients presented hypothyroidism and with them the investigation was carried out. The early diagnosis of hypothyroidism, understood as that before 6 months of age, was 59. 4%. Clinical hypothyroidism was 71. 1% with connection to the subclinical, 87. 5% had thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels lower than 15 mU/L neonatal and 3% of the population had congenital hypothyroidism. 50% of cases were diagnosed with hypothyroidism in the first three months of life. The height at birth in relation to the early diagnosis of hypothyroidism presented an RP: 14, IC 95%: 1.06-186. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of hypothyroidism has an association by the size of the patients at birth. Continuous monitoring of thyroid function in the first months and years of life of patients with Down syndrome, independent of neonatal TSH values, should be performed.

7.
Gac Med Mex ; 157(2): 133-139, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34270525

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Family history of thyroid disease (FHTD) constitutes a possible risk factor for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the general population; however, FHTD possible relationship with CH in subjects with Down syndrome (DS) has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether FHTD is associated with an increased incidence of CH in neonates with DS. METHOD: Hospital-based case-control study in 220 neonates with DS. Thyroid function tests of 37 infants with DS and positive FHTD (cases) were compared with those of 183 newborns with DS without FHTD (control group). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Nine newborns with DS in our sample had CH (4.1 %). In the multivariate analysis, FHTD showed an association with CH in neonates with DS (aOR = 8.3, 95 % CI: 2.0-34.3), particularly in males (aOR = 9.0, 95 % CI: 1.6-49.6). In contrast, newborns with DS without FHTD were less likely to suffer from CH (aOR = 0.4, 95 % CI: 0.1-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Newborns with DS and FHTD have an eight-fold higher risk for CH, particularly when the index case is male. FHTD detailed evaluation can be an easy and accessible strategy to identify those newborns with DS at higher risk for CH.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La historia familiar de enfermedad tiroidea (HFET) como factor de riesgo para hipotiroidismo congénito (HC), en síndrome de Down (SD) aún no ha sido explorada. OBJETIVO: Determinar si la HFET está asociada a mayor riesgo de HC en neonatos con SD. MÉTODO: Estudio de casos y controles en 220 neonatos con SD. Se compararon las pruebas de función tiroidea (PFT) de 37 con SD e HFET (casos), frente a las PFT de 183 recién nacidos con SD sin HFET (grupo de referencia). Se realizó análisis de regresión logística multivariante y se calculó la razón de momios (RM) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC 95 %). RESULTADOS: Nueve casos HC (4.1 %). El HC mostró asociación con la HFET (RMa = 8.3, IC 95 %: 2.0-34.3), particularmente en los varones (RMa = 9.0, IC 95 %: 1.6-49.6). La ausencia de HFET tuvo una RM de protección para HC (RMa = 0.4, IC 95 %: 0.1-0.8). CONCLUSIONES: La HFET puede es una estrategia fácil y accesible para identificar pacientes con SD con mayor riesgo de HC.


Subject(s)
Congenital Hypothyroidism/etiology , Down Syndrome/complications , Family Health , Thyroid Diseases/genetics , Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sex Factors , Thyroid Function Tests/statistics & numerical data
8.
Cir. pediátr ; 34(3): 143-146, Jul. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-216757

ABSTRACT

La apendicitis neonatal es una entidad infrecuente que asocia fac-tores inmunes, vasculares, hipóxicos y obstructivos. Presentamos doscasos de apendicitis neonatal con diferentes características.El primer caso es un neonato de 15 días de vida con hipotiroidismocongénito. Presentaba distensión abdominal y datos de sepsis. Se hallóun plastrón apendicular y se descartó enfermedad de Hirschsprung me-diante biopsias. El segundo caso es un prematuro de 27 semanas, conantecedente de enterocolitis necrotizante, que a los 53 días de vida pre-sentó una hernia inguinal incarcerada compatible con hernia de Amyand.El pronóstico de la apendicitis neonatal va unido a la celeridad deldiagnóstico, ya que supone una importante mortalidad en las primerashoras. Aunque la apendicitis es el cuadro más conocido por el cirujanopediátrico, a edad neonatal es un reto diagnóstico por su extrema rarezay probable comorbilidad.(AU)


Neonatal appendicitis is a very rare entity associated with immune,vascular, hypoxic, and obstructive factors. We present two cases of neo-natal appendicitis with different characteristics.The first case is a 15-day-old newborn with congenital hypothy-roidism who had abdominal distension and sepsis data. An appendicularplastron was found. Hirschsprung’s disease was ruled out through biop-sies. The second case is a 27-week-old preterm newborn with history ofnecrotizing enterocolitis who presented an incarcerated inguinal herniaconsistent with Amyand’s hernia.The prognosis of neonatal appendicitis varies according to how fastdiagnosis is achieved, since it is associated with high mortality rates inthe first hours. Although appendicitis is the condition best known to thepediatric surgeon, it represents a diagnostic challenge in newborns as aresult of its extreme rarity and how likely it is to present comorbidities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Appendicitis , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Hernia, Inguinal , Inpatients , Physical Examination , General Surgery , Pediatrics
9.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 2021 May 08.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33975810

ABSTRACT

The screening program or early detection of congenital hypothyroidism is one of the greatest advances achieved in Pediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and maturation, which continue into the neonatal stage. Alterations in thyroid function in premature and underweight children in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system and is one of the most frequent and avoidable causes of mental retardation. Diagnosis in the neonatal period is difficult, so it requires an analytical study to be able to carry out the appropriate treatment. The relevance of this problem justifies its communication to all areas of pediatrics. The main objective is to avoid brain damage in these patients. Other aspects to optimize the adequate development of these children with all the necessary periodic controls and to achieve the inclusion of the diagnosis of thyroid alterations during the stay in neonatal units and in the first months of life, need to implement the resources of the health centers and continue advancing according to current knowledge. In this document, we will focus on the screening of preterm newborns VLBW (<32 weeks of gestation) and/or very low weight for gestational age (1500-1000g VLBW or <1000g) and the function evaluation protocol thyroid in premature babies. We update the diagnostic procedures, the essential and complementary tests required, the etiology and the differential diagnoses in this pathology.

10.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 24(5): 238-244, mar.-abr. 2021. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1283917

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre la genética del hipotiroidismo congénito (HC). Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, LILACS-BIREME y SciELO. Se identificaron los estudios originales publicados entre 2000 y agosto de 2020. Las palabras clave utilizadas durante la búsqueda fueron las siguientes: "hipotiroidismo congénito (congenital hypothyroidism)", "genética (genetic)", "polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNP) (single polymorphisms nucleotid)". Se revisaron 58 estudios originales que informan las bases moleculares del HC. Se ha definido el concepto básico del HC, así como las bases moleculares que están asociados con la aparición de dicho trastorno. La revisión de la literatura ha permitido identificar al menos 12 genes que codifican las proteínas, las cuales, al producirse mutaciones, están implicadas en el HC. De los 12 genes informados que desempeñan un papel importante en el HC, errores en 6 genes se han vinculado con el HC con disgenesia tiroidea, lo cual implica alteraciones en la morfogénesis de la glándula tiroides, mientras que mutaciones en otros 6 genes se han asociado con dishormonogénesis, que genera un bloqueo total o parcial de los procesos bioquímicos implicados en la síntesis y secreción de hormonas tiroideas. La prevalencia en Sudamérica varía aproximadamente desde 1 por cada 1170 hasta 1 por cada 8285 neonatos. El estudio de la genética molecular pone de manifiesto que, en el futuro, aportará datos importantes en cuanto a la identificación de nuevas mutaciones y asociaciones con fenotipos clínicos que podrían relacionarse con el HC, para, de esta manera, potenciar el diagnóstico y tratamiento


A narrative review was conducted on the genetics of congenital hypothyroidism. The Medline/PubMed, LILACS-BIREME, and SciELO databases were used. Original studies published between 2000 and August 2020 were identified. The keywords used during the search were as follows: "congenital hypothyroidism", "genetics", "polymorphisms SNPs". Fifty-eight original studies reviewing the molecular basis of congenital hypothyroidism were reviewed. The basic concept of congenital hypothyroidism has been defined as well as the molecular bases that are associated with the development of this disorder. The literature review has identified at least 12 genes encoding proteins that, when mutations occur, are involved in congenital hypothyroidism. Of the 12 genes reported to play an important role in congenital hypothyroidism, errors in 6 genes have been associated with congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid dysgenesis, which implies alterations in the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland. On the other hand, mutations in 6 other genes have been associated with dyshormonogenesis that generates a total or partial blockage of the biochemical processes involved in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. The prevalence in South America is reported to vary from approximately 1 per 1000 to 1 per 8000 newborns. The study of molecular genetics shows that in the future it will contribute to the identification of new mutations and associations with clinical phenotypes that could be related to congenital hypothyroidism, thus enhancing diagnosis and treatment


Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Hormones , Epidemiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Genes , Genetics , Databases, Bibliographic
11.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(2): 140-146, mar.-abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279093

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La historia familiar de enfermedad tiroidea (HFET) como factor de riesgo para hipotiroidismo congénito (HC), en síndrome de Down (SD) aún no ha sido explorada. Objetivo: Determinar si la HFET está asociada a mayor riesgo de HC en neonatos con SD. Método: Estudio de casos y controles en 220 neonatos con SD. Se compararon las pruebas de función tiroidea (PFT) de 37 con SD e HFET (casos), frente a las PFT de 183 recién nacidos con SD sin HFET (grupo de referencia). Se realizó análisis de regresión logística multivariante y se calculó la razón de momios (RM) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC 95 %). Resultados: Nueve casos HC (4.1 %). El HC mostró asociación con la HFET (RMa = 8.3, IC 95 %: 2.0-34.3), particularmente en los varones (RMa = 9.0, IC 95 %: 1.6-49.6). La ausencia de HFET tuvo una RM de protección para HC (RMa = 0.4, IC 95 %: 0.1-0.8). Conclusiones: La HFET puede es una estrategia fácil y accesible para identificar pacientes con SD con mayor riesgo de HC.


Abstract Introduction: Family history of thyroid disease (FHTD) as risk factor for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in patients with Down syndrome (DS) has not yet been explored. Objective: To determine whether FHTD is associated with an increased risk for CH in DS. Method: Case-control study in 220 neonates with DS. Thyroid function tests of 37 infants with DS and FHTD (cases) were compared with those of 183 DS newborns without FHTD (reference group). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Nine newborns with DS in our sample had CH (4.1 %). FHTD showed an association with CH in neonates with DS (aOR = 8.3, 95 % CI: 2.0-34.3), particularly in males (aOR = 9.0, 95 % CI: 1.6-49.6). In contrast, newborns with DS without FHTD were less likely to suffer from CH (aOR = 0.4, 95 % CI: 0.1-0.8). Conclusions: FHTD detailed evaluation can be an easy and accessible strategy to identify those newborns with DS at higher risk for CH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Thyroid Diseases/genetics , Family Health , Down Syndrome/complications , Congenital Hypothyroidism/etiology , Thyroid Function Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Epidemiologic Methods , Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology
12.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 72(1): 12-23, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251609

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de yodo deficiencia y de bocio en mujeres indígenas gestantes de cinco áreas no metropolitanas en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas de cualquier edad gestacional sin condiciones patológicas del embarazo, atendidas en los centros de salud comunitarios o en sus residencias. Se excluyeron aquellas con comorbilidades presentes al momento del embarazo y también a quienes recibían suplementos con yodo. Muestreo aleatorio simple. Se midieron las características sociodemográficas y obstétricas, la concentración de yodo en orina y la presencia de bocio de acuerdo a la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: 189 gestantes indígenas fueron candidatas a ingresar al estudio, de las cuales 2 no aceptaron participar y 62 tenían criterios de exclusión, finalmente se analizaron 125. La concentración urinaria de yodo tuvo una mediana de 184,4 µg/L (min-max: 12,0-390,0). Un total de 42 gestantes (33,6%) tenían yodo deficiencia (< 100 µg/L) y se evidenció bocio (grado 1-2) en 43 (34,4%). No se identificó bocio grados 3 o 4. Conclusiones: embarazadas indígenas residentes en áreas no metropolitanas evidenciaron alta prevalencia de bocio y yodo deficiencia. Se requiere evaluar los efectos materno-perinatales e implementar intervenciones nutricionales.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in indigenous pregnant women coming from five non-metropolitan areas in Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional cohort study that included pregnant women of any gestational age with no pregnancy-related conditions, seen in community health centers or in their homes. Patients with comorbidities at the time of pregnancy and those who were receiving iodine supplementation were excluded. Simple random sampling was used. The sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, urinary iodine concentration and the presence of goiter were measured in accordance with the World Health Organization methodology. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Of 189 indigenous pregnant women who were candidates to enter the study, 2 declined participation, and 62 had exclusion criteria, and 125 were included in the final analysis. The mean urinary iodine concentration was 184.4 µg/L (min-max: 12.0-390.0). A total of 42 women (33.6%) had iodine deficiency (< 100 µg/L), and goiter (grade 1-2) was found in 43 (34.4%). No grade 3 or 4 goiter was identified. Conclusions: A high prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency was found in indigenous pregnant women living in non-metropolitan areas. There is a need to assess maternal and perinatal effects and to implement nutritional interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Iodine Deficiency , Prevalence , Pregnant Women , Goiter , Indigenous Peoples
13.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(3): 528-533, jul.-set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131904

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El hipotiroidismo congénito es una causa prevenible de discapacidad cognitiva. Dada la ausencia de signos y síntomas al nacer, es necesario hacer pruebas de tamización para detectarlo. Su incidencia oscila entre uno de cada 2.500 y uno de cada 6.000 nacidos vivos. Objetivo. Describir las características antropométricas y demográficas de los participantes, así como medir la concentración de tirotropina (TSH) en sangre de cordón umbilical y de TSH y tiroxina libre (T4 libre) en el suero de los recién nacidos positivos en la prueba de tamización y de aquellos con hipotiroidismo congénito confirmado. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional retrospectivo de un periodo de 17 años mediante la revisión de los registros de laboratorio clínico y las historias para establecer las características demográficas y antropométricas en el momento del nacimiento. Resultados. Se analizaron 41.494 recién nacidos. Se encontraron 217 (0,52 %) recién nacidos con prueba positiva de tamización, 19 (8,76 %) de ellos con diagnóstico confirmado mediante pruebas séricas (TSH y T4 libre), para una incidencia de uno por cada 2.183 nacidos vivos. El 78,95 % de los casos de hipotiroidismo congénito correspondió a nacidos a término, el promedio de la edad gestacional fue de 37,3 semanas, similar al de quienes no lo presentaban. No hubo diferencia en el promedio de peso ni en la talla al nacer entre los afectados y los no afectados. La concentración de TSH en sangre de cordón umbilical fue significativamente mayor en los casos de hipotiroidismo congénito que en los recién nacidos sanos. Conclusiones. La incidencia de hipotiroidismo congénito fue similar a la encontrada en los estudios consultados. No hubo diferencias clínicas relevantes entre los casos confirmados y los descartados, lo que resalta la pertinencia de la tamización neonatal para el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento oportuno.


Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of cognitive disability. Due to the absence of symptoms and signs in the newborn, it is necessary to perform screening tests. Its incidence ranges between 1:2,500 and 1:6,000. Objective: To describe the anthropometric and demographic characteristics, as well as the cord TSH levels, serum TSH, and serum T4L levels of the positive patients during screening and patients with confirmed congenital hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study for 17 years based on the review of clinical laboratory and medical records to describe the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the patients at the time of diagnosis. Results: We analyzed 41,494 newborns in the 17 years of follow-up; 217 (0.52%) were positive in the screening test and the diagnosis was confirmed by serum tests (TSH and free T4) in 19 cases (8.76%) for an incidence of one for every 2,183 live births; 78.95% of the children with congenital hypothyroidism were born full-term and the average gestational age was 37.3 weeks, similar to that of those with no congenital hypothyroidism. There was no difference in the average weight and height at birth between the children with the condition and those who did not have it. TSH in the cord in the cases of congenital hypothyroidism was significantly higher than in the discarded cases. Conclusions: The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism was similar to that found in the literature. There were no relevant clinical differences between confirmed and ruled out cases reflecting the relevance of neonatal screening.


Subject(s)
Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Thyroxine , Infant, Newborn , Thyrotropin , Incidence , Neonatal Screening , Colombia
14.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 35(4): 226-232, 2020 May.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29162287

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk of developing mild cognitive impairment despite normal overall intellectual performance. These deficits may be caused by disease-related and treatment-related factors. This study explores the impact of abnormal thyroid function during the first 3 years of life on attention performance at school age. METHODS: We included 49 children diagnosed with CH and receiving treatment for the condition: 14 boys (mean age 9.5±2.8 years) and 35 girls (9.6±2.6 years). The number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment were estimated based on TSH levels during their first 3 years of life (at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months). Children were assessed using a computerised version of a Sustained attention test. General linear models were calculated with the attention index as the dependent variable and sex, aetiology, and number of episodes of normal, under-, and overtreatment as independent variables. RESULTS: Higher numbers of episodes of overtreatment (low TSH level) were associated with poorer attention performance at school age (P=.005, r=-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Children with CH should be monitored closely during the first 3 years of life in order to prevent not only hypothyroidism but also any adverse effects of overtreatment that may affect attentional function at school age.


Subject(s)
Attention/physiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Medical Overuse , Thyrotropin/analysis , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Schools , Spain
15.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 67(1): 23-27, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013195

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. El hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) es la primera causa de retraso mental prevenible. El inicio temprano de su tratamiento con la hormona tiroidea garantiza un desarrollo neurológico normal. Objetivos. Describir la etiología y las manifestaciones clínicas del HC y relacionar la discapacidad cognitiva con el inicio del tratamiento en una serie de casos de niños con esta enfermedad en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo a través de serie de casos. La información se recolectó de historias clínicas de pacientes con HC diagnosticado entre 1999 y 2013 y atendidos por el Servicio de Endocrinología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario de Santander Empresa Social del Estado. Se analizaron 15 variables en el programa Microsoft Excel 2013. Resultados. Se recolectaron 59 casos, con una relación sexo femenino/masculino de 1.7:1. En el 49.2% de los casos se realizó tamizaje neonatal. Las disgenesias tiroideas fueron la etiología más común; la ictericia neonatal prolongada, la hernia umbilical y la hipotonía fueron las características más frecuentes. El retraso mental se presentó en el 64.4% de los casos. Conclusiones. El tamizaje neonatal es la mejor estrategia para captar la mayoría de los casos e iniciar tratamiento oportuno. En Colombia, la ictericia neonatal prolongada debe alertar un posible caso de HC.


Abstract Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability worldwide. Early initiation of thyroid hormone treatment ensures normal neurological development. Objectives: To describe the etiology and clinical manifestations of CH and to correlate cognitive disability with the initiation of the treatment in a case series of children with this disease in the department of Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive study on a case series. The information was collected from clinical charts of patients with CH diagnosed between 1999 and 2013 by the Pediatric Endocrinology Service of the Hospital Universitario de Santander Empresa Social del Estado. Fifteen variables were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: Fifty-nine cases were collected, with a male/female ratio of 1.7:1. Newborn screening was performed in 49.2% of the cases. Thyroid dysgenesis was the most common etiology, while prolonged neonatal jaundice, umbilical hernia, and hypotonia were the most common features. Intellectual disability was diagnosed in 64.4% of the cases. Conclusions: Newborn screening is the best strategy for detecting cases and initiating early treatment. In Colombia, prolonged neonatal jaundice may signal a possible case of CH.

16.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 90(4): 250.e1-250.e8, 2019 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30686624

ABSTRACT

The screening program of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is probably one of the best achievements in paediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and brain maturation that continue through the neonatal period. Hypothyroidism that begins in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system, and is one of the most frequent and preventable causes of mental retardation. As children with congenital hypothyroidism are born with a normal appearance, analytical studies are required to immediately start the appropriate therapy. This article analyses the aims, diagnostic procedures, tests required, aetiology, and differential diagnosis in this disorder. Especially relevant is to perform frequent monitoring to ensure dose adjustments of L-Thyroxine therapy, avoiding infra- or supra-dosing that negatively affects neurosensory functions. Re-evaluation of the aetiology permanent vs transient hypothyroidism is always recommended after 3years of chronological age. The relevance of this screening program should be widely discussed in paediatrics. The main objective is to avoid cerebral damage in these patients, and has been highly successful and economically beneficial. Other aspects are required to optimise patient outcomes, to perform all the controls according to the recommendations and to include, in the near future, the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism. Implementation of this program is necessary to progress in accordance with current scientific knowledge.


Subject(s)
Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Thyroid Hormones/analysis , Aftercare/methods , Child, Preschool , Congenital Hypothyroidism/complications , Congenital Hypothyroidism/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn
17.
Medisur ; 16(5): 640-646, set.-oct. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-976187

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: en Cuba, donde se concibe la salud como un componente principal de la calidad de vida, se desarrolla desde hace años un programa para la detección neonatal de hipotiroidismo congénito, enfermedad endocrina más frecuente en esa etapa de la vida, que constituye la causa más común de retraso mental prevenible. Objetivo: caracterizar la positividad del primer ensayo, la incidencia de la enfermedad y la cobertura del Programa de Pesquisaje Neonatal del Hipotiroidismo Congénito en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los recién nacidos en Cienfuegos durante los años 2012 al 2016. Se empleó revisión documental de registros sanitarios. Se distribuyeron los resultados de la pesquisa teniendo en cuenta el número de recién nacidos vivos estudiados (cobertura), los casos positivos en la primera determinación (positividad) y los confirmados (incidencia), según áreas geográficas de la provincia y años, expresados en porcientos y tasas. Resultados: se obtuvo 100 por ciento de cobertura para el estudio. Se observó una distribución heterogénea de los resultados positivos de la primera determinación de laboratorio entre las regiones y entre esta determinación y la confirmación en algunos territorios. La tasa de incidencia de hipotiroidismo congénito en la provincia fue de 0, 23 por cada 1000 recién nacidos vivos, todos del sexo femenino. Conclusiones: los resultados apuntan hacia un exitoso programa de pesquizaje en la provincia, perfectible en algunos aspectos, sobre todo en la fase pre analítica de los ensayos de laboratorio para mantener y lograr resultados superiores en la aplicación del programa.


Foundation: in Cuba, where health is conceived as a main component of quality of life, a program for early detection of congenital hypothyroidism is developed. This is the most endocrine disease in this period of life which is the most common cause of preventive mental retardation.Objective: to characterize the positiveness of the first trial, the incidence of the disease and the coverage of the Inquiry Neonatal Program of Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Cienfuegos Province. Methods: retrospective descriptive study which included all newborns in Cienfuegos from 2012 to 2016. A sanitary documentary review was done. The inquiry results were taken into consideration the number of studied alive newborns (coverage), the positive cases in the first determination (positiveness) and the confirmed ones (incidence), according to the geographical areas of the province and years expressed in percentages and rates. Results: a 100% of coverage was achieved for the study. A heterogeneous distribution was observed of the positive results of the first laboratory determination and the confirmation in some territories. The incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism was 0, 23 for every 1000 born alive, all from the female sex. Conclusion: the results show the success of the Inquiry Program in the province which may be improved in some aspects mainly in pre-analytical stage of the laboratory trials to maintain its results and achieve better ones.

18.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(2): 142-145, abr. 2018. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1038413

ABSTRACT

El hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) como enfermedad crónica impacta en la vinculación padres-hijo y en recursos del niño para afrontar situaciones conflictivas. Objetivos. Describir estilos parentales desde la percepción del hijo con HC y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. Población y métodos. Niños de entre 9 y 10 años con HC detectado por pesquisa neonatal y adecuadamente tratado y un grupo sin HC (grupo control). Se utilizó el cuestionario argentino de afrontamiento y la escala argentina de percepción de la relación con los padres y el subtest comprensión de la Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC III). Se compararon los resultados con el análisis multivariante de la varianza (multivariate analysis of variance; MANOVA, por sus siglas en inglés). Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 niños con HC; percibían a su madre con una modalidad de control estricto y a su padre con más aceptación. Buscaban mayor apoyo y se paralizaban más ante situaciones conflictivas que los 60 niños sin patología. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos podrían asociarse a mayor dependencia. Deben considerarse en la atención del HC.


Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), as any chronic disease, has an impact on the parent-child relationship and on the child's resources to cope with conflicting situations. Objectives. To describe parenting styles according to the perception of children with CH and their coping strategies. Population and methods. Children aged 9-10 years who had CH detected by newborn screening and had received adequate treatment and a group without CH (control group). The Argentine Coping Questionnaire, the Argentine Scale for the Perception of Parent Relations, and the comprehension subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC III) were used. Results were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results. Sixty children with CH were included; they perceived that their mothers exercised a strict control and that their fathers showed more acceptance. They sought more support and became paralyzed more often in conflicting situations than the 60 children without CH. Conclusion. These findings may be associated with a higher level of dependence. They should be taken into consideration in CH care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adaptation, Psychological , Chronic Disease , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Object Attachment
19.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 55(1): 30-39, mar. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041725

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos Analizar las características clínicas, bioquímicas, estudios complementarios, hallazgos moleculares y la prevalencia de glándula eutópica en neonatos con HC pertenecientes al Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal de Córdoba, Argentina, entre 1996 y 2015. Analizar la evolución de los pacientes que reunieron criterios para una reevaluación. Pacientes y métodos Se analizaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 237 pacientes detectados por pesquisa neonatal en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, entre 1996-2015 con una incidencia promedio de 1/2146 pesquisados. Presentaron glándula eutópica 81 pacientes (34%) F35/M46; se excluyeron 10 con síndromes genéticos asociados. Se analizaron los niveles de: TSH, T4T, T4L, T3, TPOAb / TGAb y Tiroglobulina (ECLIA -ROCHE) (VR: >15 días: 6-83 ng/ ml; <15 días: 29-173 ng/ml), ecografía y centellografía de cuello con Tc-99m. El valor de corte de TSH sérica adoptado para la confirmación diagnóstica fue de ≥10 mUI/ml. Se realizaron estudios de biología molecular en casos seleccionados. Se reevaluaron niños mayores de 3 años, sin bocio, con valores normales de Tiroglobulina y sin requerimiento de incrementos en la dosis de LT4. Resultados: La prevalencia de HC y Tiroides Eutópica se mantuvo constante. El 50% de los pacientes (36/71) mostraron hiperplasia glandular tiroidea. El 84% (n: 60 de 71) presentó niveles de TSH sérica ≥20 uUI/ml (20-1186) y el 75% (n: 53 de 71) >40 uUI/ml (40-1186). TGAb and TPOAb fueron positivos en un niño. La determinación de TG fue normal en el 29% (21/71) de los casos, elevada en el 56% (39/71) y baja en el 14% (10/71). Los estudios de biología molecular resultaron diagnósticos en 26 pacientes de 18 familias, demostrándose mutaciones en los genes de: TPO: 9 pacientes, TG: 12 pacientes, NIS: 2 pacientes, DUOX2: 2 pacientes y TRβ: 1 paciente. Se encontraron 11 nuevas mutaciones: tres en TPO, cinco en TG, dos en NIS y una en DUOX2. Se informaron anomalías congénitas en el 11% (8/71) de los pacientes. Se reevaluó el 11% (8/71) de los niños, resultando: HC transitorio n: 5, permanente n: 2 y una niña con Síndrome de Resistencia a las Hormonas Tiroideas. La prevalencia de lactantes con HC y glándula eutópica se mantuvo constante a lo largo de 19 años del Programa. Conclusiones Nuestros estudios demuestran que la prevalencia de Hipotiroidismo Congénito con glándula eutópica se mantuvo estable en los períodos analizados. Este grupo de pacientes se caracterizó predominantemente por presentar HC de carácter permanente acompañado por fenotipos de moderada a severa intensidad. En el futuro deberá profundizarse el conocimiento respecto a la influencia de factores medioambientales, como posibles agentes de riesgo asociados a la génesis de Hipotiroidismo Congénito.


abstract Objectives To describe clinical, biochemical characteristics and complementary studies to diagnosis, molecular findings and the prevalence of eutopic gland in newborn with CH detected through our neonatal screening program in Córdoba, Argentina, between 1996 and 2015. To analyze the evolution of the patients who met criteria for re-evaluation. Patients and methods We retrospectively analysed medical records of 237 patients with CH detected by neonatal screening in Córdoba, Argentina, from 1996 to 2015 with an average incidence of 1/2146 researched. 81 patients (34%) F35/M46 had eutopic thyroid gland; 10 patients with associated genetic syndromes were excluded. TT4, FT4, T3, TSH, TPOAb, TGAb and Thyroglobulin (VR: >15 days: 6-83 ng/ml; <15 days: 29-173 ng/ml) (ECLIA ROCHE), thyroid ultrasonography and 99Tc scan were assessed. The serum TSH cutoff value adopted for diagnostic confirmation was ≥10 mIU/ml. Molecular biology studies were performed in selected cases. Those who had no goiter, with normal thyroglobulin, and had not required increases in L-T4 dose underwent re-evaluation after the age of 3 years. Results The prevalence of HC and thyroid Eutopic remained constant. 50% of the patients (36/71) showed glandular hyperplasia. In 84% (60/71) presented serum TSH levels ≥20 uUI/ml (20-1186) and in 75% (n: 53 of 71) levels >40 uUI/ml (40-1186). TGAb and TPOAb were positive only in one baby. TG levels were: normal in 29% (21/71) of the cases, elevated in 56% (39/71) and low in 14% (10/71). Gene mutations were found in 26 patients from 18 families: TPO: 9 patients, TG: 12 patients, NIS: 2 patients, DUOX2: 2 patients y TRβ: 1 patient. Eleven new mutations were found: three in TPO, five in TG, two in NIS and one in DUOX2. Congenital anomalies were reported in 11% (8/71) patients. The 11% (8/71) of children were re-evaluated resulting in: 5 Transient CH, 2 Permanent CH and 1 with Resistance to Thyroid Hormones. The prevalence of infants with CH and eutopic gland remained constant along 19 years of the Program. Conclusions Our studies show that the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism with eutopic gland remained stable in the periods analyzed. This group of patients was predominantly characterized by permanent CH accompanied by moderate to severe phenotypes. In the future, knowledge about the influence of environmental factors, as possible risk agents associated with the genesis of Congenital Hypothyroidism, should be deepened.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/etiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Thyroid Hormones/genetics , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Hyperplasia/genetics
20.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 18(2): 11-13, diciembre 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-996585

ABSTRACT

El hipotiroidismo congénito es la enfermedad endócrina más frecuente en neonatología y suele transcurrir sin sintomatología clara en ésta etapa de la vida. Es la principal causa de retardo mental tratable cuyo pronóstico radica en el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento precoz. El propósito de este artículo es evidenciar cómo situaciones no habituales del comportamiento clínico que despiertan sospecha y el empleo del tamizaje neonatal hacen herramientas eficaces para la detección temprana de ésta patología. De acuerdo con la revisión bibliográfica; además, en este caso, presentamos una situación que debe profundizar el análisis de la etiología ya que la dishormonogénesis es un tipo de hipotiroidismo primario congénito caracterizado por un déficit permanente de hormonas tiroideas que se acompaña de bocio, tiene una transmisión autosómica recesiva y puede requerir confirmación mediante pruebas genéticas.


Congenital hypothyroidism is the most frequent endocrine disease in neonatology and usually occurs without clear symptoms in this stage of life. It is the main cause of treatable mental retardation whose prognosis lies in the timely diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. The purpose of this article is to show that unusual situations of clinical behavior that arouse suspicion and the use of neonatal screening make effective tools for the early detection of this pathology. According to the bibliographic review. Furthermore, in this case, we present a situation that should deepen the analysis of the etiology since the dyshormonogenesis is a type of congenital primary hypothyroidism characterized by a permanent deficit of thyroid hormones that is usually accompanied by goiter, has an autosomal recessive transmission and can require confirmation through genetic tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Early Diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Genes, Recessive , Goiter
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