Learning from the llama: on the broad contours of cultural contributions and geographic expansion / Aprendendo com a lhama: sobre os amplos contornos de contribuições culturais e expansão geográfica

Abstract The llama (Lama glama) is the largest domesticated animal species from South America and is today found worldwide. Andean peoples have used the llama for millennia for meat, wool, packing, spiritual etc. In order to know the history of the llama, we must learn about the peoples that have known the animal and the ways those relationships have changed over time. While also considering closely related species, including alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña, this article posits three eras of llama/human entanglements: the era of domestication in pre-Columbian Andean sites; the era of dispersal and co-mingling, from 1530s to the 1890s; and finally popular fads and global appeal.

Resumo A lhama (Lama glama) é a maior espécie animal domesticada da América do Sul e atualmente é encontrada em todo o mundo. Os povos andinos a utilizam há milênios para transporte de carga, obtenção de lã e carne, uso espiritual etc. Para conhecer sua história, precisamos aprender sobre os povos que conhecem e se relacionam com esse animal, e como esses relacionamentos se transformaram ao longo do tempo. O artigo considera ainda outras espécies relacionadas, incluindo alpaca, guanaco e vicunha, e apresenta três eras da interação lhamas/humanos: a da domesticação em sítios andinos pré-colombianos; a da dispersão e mistura, dos anos 1530 à década de 1890; e, finalmente, modismos e interesse global.

Hunters, rangers, cougars, and jaguars: human and nonhuman territories at the Argentine-Brazilian border, 1960s-1990s / Cazadores, guardabosques, pumas y jaguares: territorios humanos y no humanos en la frontera argentino-brasileña, años 1960-1990

Abstract This article aims to understand the role of territorial practices in the interaction between human and nonhuman animals. It focuses on the Iguazú and Iguaçu national parks, established by Argentina and Brazil in the 1930s as nature reserves bisected by an international boundary. In a setting where human-made boundaries overlay natural boundaries, qualitatively different spatial practices clash in the territorial encounters between cougars, jaguars, and humans. The article demonstrates how changes in the border practices of park officials, hunters, and big cats reshuffled the terms of these encounters. The article assesses when, where, and how these encounters between rangers, poachers, and big cats took place, showing how felids challenged the spatial placement and taxonomical categories attributed to them by humans.

Resumo El artículo enfoca los parques nacionales de Iguazú e Iguaçu, establecidos por Argentina y Brasil en la década de 1930 como reservas naturales divididas en dos por una frontera internacional. En un entorno donde los límites creados por el hombre se superponen a los límites naturales, las prácticas espaciales cualitativamente diferentes chocan en los encuentros territoriales entre pumas, jaguares y humanos. El artículo demuestra cómo los cambios en las prácticas fronterizas de los funcionarios del parque, los cazadores y los grandes felinos reorganizaron los términos de estos encuentros. El artículo evalúa cuándo, dónde y cómo tuvieron lugar estos encuentros entre guardabosques, cazadores y grandes felinos, mostrando cómo los felinos desafiaron la ubicación espacial y las categorías taxonómicas que los humanos les atribuyeron.