Violence in the Education: The Post-Revolutionary Situation in Hungary (1956-1957).

Background: The author attempts to introduce an unusual approach towards schools, universities, and dormitories, including their users (professors, teachers, parents, and students): How can the educational issues be seen through the lenses of special police forces in a specific historical moment? After the 1956 Hungarian revolution, a brutal pacification process took place all over the country, supported by the Soviet troops and special armed forces, police battalions of the restarting communist power. Methods: In this historical study, I used mainly military archive documents to show the perspective of the communist restauration and confront their viewpoints with party reports and some oral histories by eyewitnesses, who suffered several injuries during the repression. The paper is based on narrative analysis, as the official explanation presented various stories to justify their actions, while the reality in the background might be very different from this. Results: Between November 1956 and May 1957, these soldiers or officers became a familiar image in educational institutions. They blamed teachers and professors for misleading their students and thus creating a narrative of the counter-revolution of October 1956, while they identified themselves as parents or teachers (instead of the real ones, who lost their rights to do this, due to the participation in the revolution). Conversely, physical and verbal aggression was a widespread routine of the army officers. Conclusions: In extraordinary situations, during historical crises violence became suddenly real, allowed, and/or supported by many political actors to achieve their goals. After the consolidation of power, these special army and police forces were released and their activities were stopped by the authorities of the Ministry of National Defence because their presence was realized as an uncomfortable situation for the politicians. Such studies may give lessons us to learn, about how these scenes escalate into a point of no return.

Un relato de vida para comprender el devenir histórico de la educación física en Colombia

Es importante comprender el carácter histórico de la vida de una profesional de la educación física en relación con la disciplina como práctica social estructurante más allá de sus normas, coyunturas, fines pedagógicos y demás referentes formales. Se logra demostrar que educar en y desde la educación física es, reconocerle en su dimensión histórico formal pero también cultural, esto quiere decir que sus destinatarios son más que un conjunto de escolares depositarios de acciones, por el contrario, se trata de corporeidades en formación y tensión, pues como se evidencia en este estudio, la educación física sirve para empoderar, re gular y otorgar un lugar a los sujetos en la sociedad, aun si trata de una tabla de salvación para enfrentar la pobreza.

It is important to understand the historical character of the life of a physical education professional in relation to the discipline as a structuring social practice beyond its norms, junctures, pedagogical purposes, and other formal references. It is possible to demonstrate that to educate in and from physical education is to recognize it not only in its historical-formal, but also cultural dimension. This means that its addressees are more than a group of schoolchildren who are depositaries of actions. On the contrary, it is about corporeities in formation and tension, because as evidenced in this study, physical education serves to em power, regulate, and give a place to subjects in society, even if it is a lifeline to face poverty.

Representação de professoras em Mário de Andrade: Loucura e velhice / Representation of female teachers in Mário de Andrade: Madness and old age

O presente artigo busca analisar as representações de professoras presentes no conto "Atrás da Catedral de Ruão" (1947) e no romance Amar, verbo intransitivo (1944), ambos de Mário de Andrade, com ênfase nas questões insertas sobre a noção de velhice e loucura. São textos escritos sob a égide do Modernismo e que tematizaram as respectivas práticas pedagógicas, mas ressaltam também as angústias de mulheres trabalhadoras e itinerantes, que são malvistas por exercerem funções de natureza pública em espaços privados. Se por um lado era emblemático o fato de ser mulher, por outro, eram ainda mais acentuados os destaques feitos pelo escritor, pois a idade estava à mostra e a loucura era vista como condição inata de um gênero supostamente inferior. A literatura no presente estudo significou importante artefato cultural, também serviu como peculiar fonte para interpretação pelos historiadores do presente, de modo que o método aqui utilizado foi aquele sintetizado na noção de operação historiográfica preconizada por Michel de Certeau (1975/2020).

This paper analyzes the representations of female teachers in the short story "Behind Ruão's Cathedral" (1947) and in the novel "To Love, intransitive verb" (1944), both by Mário de Andrade, with emphasis on the questions about the notion of old age and madness. These texts were written under the aegis of Modernism, and they thematize the respective pedagogical practices, but also highlight the anguish of working and itinerant women, who are disliked for performing public functions in private spaces. If on the one hand it was emblematic that she was a woman, on the other, the writer's highlights were even more pronounced, for age was on display and madness was seen as an innate condition of a supposedly inferior gender. Literature in the present study meant an important cultural artifact, and also served as a peculiar source for interpretation by historians of the present, so that the method used here was that synthesized in the notion of historiographical operation advocated by Michel de Certeau (1975/2020).

Culturas infantis nas fotografias do parque Violeta Dória Lins (décadas de 1940 a 1960) / Children's culture in photographs of Violeta Dória Lins playground (from 1940's to 1960's) / La cultura infantil en las fotografías del parque Violeta Dória Lins (décadas 1940 a 1960)

O Parque Infantil Violeta Dória Lins foi inaugurado em 1940, em Campinas, como parte de um projeto mais amplo que tinha como finalidade educar e cuidar de crianças. Nesses parques, as intenções educativas evidenciavam o papel da arquitetura e da natureza. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as culturas infantis nas produções materiais e simbólicas produzidas para as crianças que frequentaram parques infantis entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960 na cidade de Campinas. Para essa investigação, foram selecionadas fotografias do acervo da instituição, bem como do Museu da Imagem e do Som de Campinas. A análise evidenciou que havia dois padrões de fotografias armazenados. Um empenhado na exibição das estruturas edificadas; outro, das práticas educativas que envolviam as crianças. Concluímos que as particularidades do projeto educacional dos Parques Infantis representavam possibilidades profícuas para a produção de culturas infantis, a partir da valorização do contato com a natureza e de um programa pedagógico voltado para atividades artísticas, trabalhos manuais, jogos e brincadeiras. (AU)

The Violeta Dória Lins Playground was inaugurated in 1940, in Campinas, as part of a larger project to educate and care for children. In these parks, the educational intentions highlighted the role of architecture and nature. This paper aims to understand children's cultures in the material and symbolic productions produced for the children who frequented playgrounds between the 1940s and 1960s in Campinas. For this investigation, photographs were selected from the institution's collection and the Museum of Image and Sound of Campinas. The analysis showed that there were two patterns of stored photographs, one committed to the display of the built structures, the other to the educational practices involving children. We conclude that the particularities of the educational project of the Playgrounds represented fruitful possibilities for the production of children's cultures, from the appreciation of the contact with nature and a pedagogical program focused on artistic activities, crafts, games, and play. (AU)

El Parque Infantil Violeta Dória Lins fue inaugurado en 1940, en Campinas, como parte de un proyecto más amplio destinado a la educación y el cuidado de los niños. En estos parques, las intenciones educativas estaban vinculadas a la arquitectura y la naturaleza. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender las culturas infantiles en las producciones materiales y simbólicas producidas para los niños que asistían a los parques infantiles entre las décadas de 1940 y 1960 en la ciudad de Campinas. Las fotografías fueron seleccionadas de la colección de la institución, así como del Museu da Imagem e do Som. El análisis mostró que había dos corrientes de fotografías, una comprometida con la exhibición de las estructuras construidas y la otra, con las prácticas educativas. Concluimos que las particularidades del proyecto educativo de los Parques Infantiles representaron posibilidades fructíferas para la producción de culturas infantiles, a partir de la valoración del contacto con la naturaleza y en un programa pedagógico centrado en actividades artísticas, trabajos manuales, juegos y actividades lúdicas. (AU)

Why Hasn't the Gifted Label Caught up with Science?

The development of both special education and gifted education as fields of study were closely tied to the origins of intelligence testing in the early 20th century. While special education's terminology has become more nuanced and circumspect over the ensuing century, the term gifted has remained unchanged despite coming under substantial criticism in recent decades for its lack of specificity and for the innateness that the term implies as the primary cause of individual differences in ability. We examine this history and the seminal nationally disseminated reports related to gifted education, from the Marland report to the present, to consider why the gifted label has persisted. We conclude with some suggestions for how these issues might be remedied.

Love Carefully and Without 'Over-bearing Fears': The Persuasive Power of Authenticity in Late 1980s British AIDS Education Material for Adolescents.

This article examines the 1987 British AIDS education leaflet Love Carefully: Use a condom, drawing on methodologies from both the history of emotion and literary analysis. The informative leaflet, produced collaboratively by the sexual health charities Brook and the Family Planning Association, was intended to prevent the spread of HIV among heterosexual adolescents, a group increasingly viewed as 'at risk' by adult producers of health education globally. Steeped in British teenage popular culture, it deployed an introduction from well-known teenage agony aunt Melanie McFadyean, a cartoon strip, and statements from celebrities. The cartoon offered a representation of the difficulties experienced by heterosexual teenagers negotiating the prospect of penetrative sex with a new partner, offering a successful example of condom negotiation, while sympathetically examining why some found condom use and AIDS difficult subjects to broach. The article argues the leaflet deployed emotions and authenticity to persuade teenagers to practise safer sex.

­ Todos ao Colyseu ­educação e modernidade num parque de diversão em Curitiba (1905-1913) / ­Todos ao Colyseu ­education and modernity in an amusement park in Curitiba (1905-1913)

O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir as experiências em torno de um pioneiro parque diversões de Curitiba, o ColyseuCuritybano, entre os anos de 1905 (momento de sua implementação) e 1913 (quando a estrutura fecha as portas). O propósito foi investigar as repercussões das atrações ofertadas no local na formulação de possíveis processos de instrução para a experiência moderna. Para tanto foram utilizados como fontes as publicações de jornais da época. A título de conclusão, o artigo aponta que o Colyseu durante seus anos de existência foi um lócus de circulação de ideias de modernidade na capital paranaense e que, através dos divertimentos ali ofertados, frequentadores (as) puderam sintonizar-se e instruir-se de e para diversas experiências do mundo moderno.

The present study aims to discuss the experiences around a pioneer amusement park in Curitiba, the ColyseuCuritybano, between the years 1905 (when it was implemented) and 1913 (when the structure closed its doors). The purpose was to investigate the repercussions of the attractions offered on the site in the formulation of possible instructional processes for the modern experience. For this purpose, newspapers of the time were used as sources. In conclusion, the article points out that Colyseu during its years of existence was a locus for the circulation of ideas of modernity in the capital of Paraná and that, through the amusements offered there, regulars were able to tune in and learn and for different experiences in the modern world.

Dyslexia debated, then and now: a historical perspective on the dyslexia debate.

The 'dyslexia debate' is resilient. In the media, a key component of the debate is the notion that dyslexia does not exist, popularised by a series of vociferous commentators. For them, dyslexia is an invention of overly-concerned parents, supported by a clique of private educational psychologists willing to offer a diagnosis - for a fee - even where no condition exists. In academic circles, especially psychology, dyslexia critiques are also present. In these, the principal argument is that the term 'dyslexia' is unhelpful - more an emotive word designed to attract funding, than a clearly defined scientific condition. Such arguments stand against other research in psychology, and discussion has become contentious. Largely missing from both sides of the debate, however, is a historical perspective. In this article, the origins of the dyslexia debate are traced, showing how queries about the term's efficacy have marked dyslexia's history since it was first identified in the 1870s. Through this tracing, this account seeks to move discussion beyond the existing either/or binary of dyslexia's existence.

Instrumentos, objetos e coleções como fontes para a história do ensino das ciências / Instruments, objects, and collections as sources for the history of science education

Resumo Um elevado número de escolas secundárias portuguesas possui coleções científicas, elementos centrais para a memória e identidade das instituições que as preservam, concorrendo para a compreensão das características que foram definindo a instrução pública de nível secundário em Portugal ao longo do tempo. Porém, esse património é ainda largamente desconhecido. O artigo chama a atenção para o debate historiográfico que envolve o uso de fontes materiais na história do ensino das ciências, dando a conhecer a relevância das coleções de história natural dos liceus de Portugal, bem como sua vulnerabilidade, dada a ausência de uma política geral ou diretrizes orientando sua conservação.

Abstract A large number of Portuguese secondary schools have scientific collections, which are central elements for the memory and identity of the institutions that maintain them, and contribute to understanding the characteristics that over time have defined public secondary education in Portugal. However, this heritage is still largely unknown. This article draws attention to the historiographic debate surrounding the use of material sources in the history of science education, describing the relevance of natural history collections in Portuguese secondary schools as well as their vulnerability, considering the lack of a general policy or guidelines related to conservation.

A busca de um método de ensino para a educação física sul-rio-grandense / The search for a teaching method for Physical Education in Rio Grande do Sul / La búsqueda de un método didáctico para la educación física en Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo O artigo centrou-se na investigação das ideias pedagógicas que se fizeram circulantes no âmbito da Escola Superior de Educação Física (ESEF), quando de sua criação, em 1940, reconstruindo os principais esforços de legitimação de um método de ensino unificado para a educação física sul-rio-grandense. Perante uma perspectiva sócio-histórica de análise, a interpretação das fontes consultadas identificou a pretensa uniformidade didática que a instituição deflagrava para o ensino da educação física no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e, em outro sentido, revelou a pluralidade de ideias e métodos circulantes na prática de suas rotinas de ensino.

Abstract The paper focused on the research of pedagogical ideas that made current within the ESEF, when its creation in 1940, (re) rebuilding the main legitimization efforts of a unified teaching method for physical education in Rio Grande do Sul. In front of a socio-historical perspective of analysis and interpretation of analyzed sources it was identified the Institution alleged didactic uniformity in the teaching of Physical Education in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul and in another sense, it was revealed the plurality of ideas and methods in its practice and teaching routines.

Resumen El artículo se centra en la investigación sobre las ideas pedagógicas que se hicieron operativas en la ESEF en el momento de su creación en 1940, (re)construyendo los principales esfuerzos de legitimación de un método didáctico unificado para la educación física en Rio Grande do Sul. Ante una perspectiva sociohistórica de análisis, la interpretación de las fuentes consultadas ha identificado la supuesta uniformidad didáctica que la institución puso en marcha para la enseñanza de la educación física en Río Grande do Sul y, en otro sentido, se ha puesto de manifiesto la pluralidad de ideas y métodos en la práctica actual de sus rutinas de enseñanza.

The education of children's bodies in the Mato Grosso project for the formation of the republican citizen (1910-1930) / A educação dos corpos infantis no projeto mato-grossense de formação do cidadão republicano (1910-1930)

RESUMO: O artigo teve o objetivo de analisar as finalidades para a educação do corpo infantil que permearam a implantação da disciplina Gymnastica no ensino público primário mato-grossense na Primeira República. Inicialmente, o estudo analisou a influência higienista na organização do espaço e do tempo dos grupos escolares para a formação da criança saudável. Em seguida, procurou compreender como a disciplina Gymnastica foi idealizada e colocada em prática no cotidiano escolar. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas fontes documentais localizadas no Arquivo Público do Estado de Mato Grosso.

ABSTRACT: The article aimed to analyze the purposes for the education of the infantile body that permeated the implantation of the discipline Gymnastics in the primary public education of Mato Grosso in the First Republic. Initially, it analyzed the hygienist influence in the organization of the space and the time of the school groups for the formation of healthy children. Next, it tried to understand how the discipline Gymnastics was idealized and implemented in the school routine. To accomplish the research, documentary sources located in the Public Archive of the state of Mato Grosso were used.

Dermeval Saviani: uma trajetória cinquentenária / Dermeval Saviani: a fifty-year trajectory / Dermeval Saviani: una trayectoria cincuentenaria

A postura ética de Dermeval Saviani, bem como sua contribuição acadêmica, seja na formação de quadros ou por meio de suas inúmeras publicações, é um dos melhores e maiores testemunhos da luta pela educação básica e superior hoje no País. Da união compromissada, áurea, por uma aliança entre um educador e a perseguição de uma educação escolar de qualidade social, celebramos, de forma oportuna e meritória, seu cinquentenário de carreira. Neste artigo, dividido em três partes, primeiramente destacamos de sua biografia aspectos mais gerais (família, escola e trabalho). No segundo item, tratamos de sua trajetória acadêmico-profissional como professor, escritor e pesquisador. No último tópico, sublinhamos os planos de futuro do professor Saviani, que expressam sua vitalidade e disposição para continuar a contribuir para a educação brasileira, animando todos nós na luta pela formação de qualidade da classe trabalhadora.(AU)

The ethical attitude of Dermeval Saviani, as well as his academic contributions both promoting key educators and through countless publications, are one of the best and greatest testimonies in the struggle for elementary and higher education in Brazil today. His commitment in favor of an alliance between educators and the search for quality and socially equal school education, leads to the celebration in a timely and deserved way of his fiftieth career anniversary. In this paper, divided in three parts, we first highlight the most general aspects in his biography (family, school, work). In the second section, we address his academic-professional path, as professor, writer and researcher. In the last section, we underline the professor Saviani's future plans, an expression of his vigor and willingness to continue contributing to Brazilian education, stimulating us in the struggle for quality education for the working class.(AU)

La postura ética de Dermeval Saviani, así como su contribución académica, sea en la formación de cuadros o por medio de sus innumerables publicaciones, es actualmente uno de los mejores y mayores testimonios de la lucha por la educación básica y superior en el País. De la unión comprometida, áurea, por una alianza entre un educador y la búsqueda de una educación escolar de calidad social, conmemoramos, de manera oportuna y meritoria su cincuentenario de carrera. En este artículo, dividido en tres partes, consideramos en primer lugar aspectos más generales de su biografía (familia, escuela y trabajo). En el segundo ítem, tratamos sobre su trayectoria académico-profesional como profesor, escritor e investigador. En el último tópico, subrayamos los planes de futuro del Profesor Saviani que expresan su vitalidad y disposición para continuar contribuyendo con la educación brasileña, animándonos a todos en la lucha por la formación de calidad de la clase trabajadora.(AU)

Pensar la historia de las instituciones educativas en la Argentina: aportes para el debate / Thought related to the history of educational institutions in Argentina: contributions to the debate / Pensar a história das instituições educativas na Argentina, aportes para o debate

La historia de las instituciones educativas en la Argentina ha sido tradicionalmente asociada a paradigmas manidos de investigación histórico-educativa. Recién en las últimas décadas comienzan a resurgir estudios que entienden la necesidad de realizar análisis institucionales que entrecrucen lo educativo y lo histórico. En este sentido, se hace necesario un replanteo serio sobre los métodos y las formas de hacer y de pensar esta historia que trascienda los lineamientos de la tradición positivista. El presente trabajo tiene por fin analizar los aportes que se hacen al campo de la Historia social de la educación a partir de tres direcciones. Desde los estudios psicosociales de las instituciones educativas; desde las teorías del poder con la propuesta de Michael Foucault y desde la sociología institucional de Pierre Bourdieu. Entendemos que el cruce entre estas perspectivas le otorga a los y las docentes e investigadores un marco metodológico por demás dinámico para comprender la historia educativa desde una perspectiva institucional. Pensar la historia de las instituciones educativas desde esta perspectiva multidimensional se transforma no solo en un método de investigación histórico educativo, sino también en la forma en que los docentes y las docentes pueden reflexionar sobre sus propias prácticas en las instituciones de enseñanza.

The history of educational institutions in Argentina has traditionally been associated with hackneyed historical paradigms of educational research. Only in recent decades have studies begun to surface that understand the need for institutional analysis that combines the educational and the historical. In this sense, there is a need to seriously reconsider the methods and ways of thinking about this history so that this work transcends the influence of the positivist tradition. This paper aims to analyze the contributions made to the field of Social History of Education from three areas: psychosocial studies of educational institutions; the theories of power developed by Michael Foucault; and the institutional sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. The author proposes that the intersections of these perspectives give teachers and researchers a methodological framework to understand educational history from an institutional perspective. To contemplate the history of educational institutions using this multidimensional perspective is not just a method of educational historical research but also a way in which teachers can reflect on their own practices in educational institutions.

A história das instituições de ensino na Argentina tem sido tradicionalmente associada com paradigmas históricos banais de pesquisa educacional. Apenas nas últimas décadas começam a ressurgir estudos que entendem a necessidade de análise institucional que cruzam o educativo e a história. Neste sentido, um sério repensar sobre os métodos e modos de fazer e pensar nesta história que transcende as diretrizes da tradição positivista é necessário. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições para o campo da História Social da educação a partir de três direções: desde os estudos psicossociais de instituições de ensino; a partir das teorias de poder com a proposta de Michael Foucault e da sociologia institucional de Pierre Bourdieu. Entendemos que a intersecção dessas perspectivas oferece aos professores e investigadores um quadro metodológico mais que dinâmico para compreender a história da educação do ponto de vista institucional. Pensar a história das instituições educacionais a partir dessa perspectiva multidimensional torna-se não só um método de pesquisa histórica de ensino, mas também na maneira que permite aos professores refletir sobre suas próprias práticas em instituições de ensino.

'His Whole Nature requires Development': Education, School Life and Deafness in Wales, 1850-1914.

The history of deaf education has focused heavily on one major issue: the role of sign language and the rise of oralism as a means of suppressing the use of signs. This was a crucial debate which affected the lives of deaf children, informed social and cultural attitudes towards deafness and in many cases spurred resistance from deaf communities. However, other aspects of daily school life and the curriculum of Victorian and Edwardian deaf schools have rarely been commented upon. Focusing on the Cambrian Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Wales' first deaf institution, this article will examine the teaching of writing and moral, religious and industrial education, all of which constructed an image of the intellectual and moral capabilities of the deaf child. The article will argue that deaf children were prescribed a moral and religious identity, and played an active role in wider Victorian and Edwardian discourses of education and childhood.

Nos rastros do conceito de pedagogias culturais: invenção, disseminação e usos / On the trails of the concept of cultural pedagogies - invention, dissemination and use

RESUMO: Este artigo visa apresentar, analisar e discutir as condições vinculadas ao aparecimento, à disseminação e aos usos do conceito de pedagogias culturais no campo dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, especialmente no Brasil. Para o exame das injunções aí implicadas, são explorados sentidos do termo "invenção", adotado nas ciências humanas e sociais. Analisam-se as contribuições de David Trend, Henry Giroux, Shirley Steinberg e Joe Kincheloe e Elizabeth Ellsworth, pesquisadores particularmente associados a formulações e desdobramentos do conceito. Tais legados são articulados com o objetivo de mostrar os fios que nos permitem vislumbrar as tramas desse processo de invenção.

ABSTRACT: This article aims to present, analyze and discuss of the conditions linked to the appearance, dissemination and use of the concept of cultural pedagogies in the Cultural Studies field in Education, especially in the Brazilian academic context. To examine the injunctions involved, this paper explores the meaning of the term 'invention' as adopted in humanities and social sciences. It analyzes the contributions by David Trend, Henry Giroux, Shirley Steinberg and Joe Kincheloe and Elizabeth Ellsworth, researchers especially associated with the formulations and consequences of the concept. The knowledge of these legacies give us the tools that allow us to glimpse the weft of this invention process.

Televisão educativa do instituto de educação do estado da guanabara: tele-educação para o magistério (1960 - 1975) / Educational television of the education institute of guanabara state: tele- education for teaching (1960 - 1975)

RESUMO: Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a experiência da televisão educativa do Instituto de Educação do Estado da Guanabara (1960 -1975), destacando os cursos de formação de professores para televisão, que foram responsáveis pela construção do modelo de audiovisual educativo praticado nos anos iniciais da televisão. A proposta do Instituto era oferecer conteúdo teórico e técnico ao professor, dando-lhe condições de atuar como produtor responsável por todas as etapas de um programa televisivo. O Instituto atuou tanto no sistema aberto quanto no fechado de TV e tinha como objetivo conquistar uma audiência diversificada, com programas para família, cursos supletivos e de especialização. O formato de televisão educativa praticado no Instituto agregava interesses comerciais e educativos. A pesquisa foi feita com periódicos da época e documentos do Centro de Memória Institucional do Instituto de Educação do Rio de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the experience of educational television of Education Institute of Guanabara State (1960 -1975), highlighting the training courses of teachers for television, who were responsible for the construction of educational audiovisual model practiced in the early television in Brazil. The Institute´s proposal was to provide theoretical and technical content to the teacher, giving him the conditions of acting as a producer responsible for all stages of a television program. The Institute has worked both in the open and closed TV system and aimed to achieve a diversified audience, with programs for family, supplementary courses and professional specialization. The educational television format performed in the Institute had the goal of adding commercial and educational interests. The research have used old newspapers and documents of Institutional Memory Center of the Rio de Janeiro Institute of Education.

Os álbuns ilustrados do sertão paulista: a modernidade encarnada (1900-1930) / The illustrated albums from countryside of são paulo: incarnated modernity (1900-1930) 1

RESUMO: O artigo analisa os álbuns ilustrados publicados no Estado de São Paulo, em cidades pelas quais passava a Estrada de Ferro Araraquarense, entre os anos de 1900 e 1930, com ênfase no escrutínio do Album de Araraquara 1915. Discute a confecção de tais álbuns como uma estratégia das elites do interior, visando tornar conhecidos os vastos "sertões" em relação ao restante do país e do mundo. À luz da historiografia cultural francesa, bem como da Análise do Discurso, constata que tais suportes nasceram para ser a síntese gloriosa de um determinado tempo/espaço, tendo se transformado em verdadeiros "documentos monumentos". Considera que em meio à utopia de representação total da realidade levada a cabo pelos artífices daqueles álbuns, a temática educacional ganhou contornos peculiares, consoantes ao processo civilizador em curso nos confins paulistas, particularmente no que concerne a um modo épico de retratar os sujeitos e as instituições escolares daquele rincão.

ABSTRACT: The present paper analyses the illustrated albums published in the Estado de Sao Paulo newspaper in cities served by Araraquara's railroad, from 1900 to 1930, focusing on the scrutiny from the Album of Araraquara 1915. It also discusses the making of such albums as strategies developed by the elites of the countryside. Such group aimed to make their region acclaimed in relation to the rest of the country and the world. Through Cultural French Historiography, as well as Discourse Analysis, we were able to find that those publications were born to be a glorious synthesis of a specific time and space, having turned in truly documents-monuments through the years. It considers that, in the midst of the utopia of total representation of reality carried out by the producers of those albums, the educational theme has acquired peculiar contours, consonant to the civilizing process in progress in the São Paulo countryside, particularly in what concerns an epic way of portraying individuals and school institutions in that corner.

The Educational Legacy of the UPR School of Tropical Medicine: Curricula, Faculty, Students (1926-1949).

This essay discusses the educational evolution of the University of Puerto Rico-School of Tropical Medicine (UPR-STM) under the auspices of Columbia University. It takes a closer look to what was taught, who taught it and who were the students benefitting from the educational, learning and advanced research activities. It highlights some characteristics of the educational environment that aimed to harvest a well-trained group of scientists, academicians, and practitioners. It examines the characteristics of the faculty and graduates and their role in the teaching and dissemination of knowledge in tropical medicine and closely related fields. The curricula was characterized for its flexibility to accommodate the students' clinical and research interests. With the advent of the 1940s the School started offering public health professionals degrees in addition to the former research-based training. This brought tensions associated to professionalization, the diversification of purposes, the expansion without sufficient resources, and the opening to different levels of students. Maintaining a cadre of well-trained prestigious faculty was always a struggle. Strategies such as visiting professors and joint and ad-honorem appointments were used. Agreements with universities around the world, philanthropic institutions, professional associations, and with different branches of the local and federal government supplemented the resources of the School. In return, the School offered an environment committed to educational standards, networking and a wealth of data for study and discovery.

O livro como ferramenta pedagógica para a inserção da educação física e da ginástica no ensino público primário paranaense (fim do século XIX e início do século XX) / Textbooks as a pedagogical tool for the insertion of physical education and gymnastics in publicly-funded primary education in the state of Paraná, Brazil (late nineteenth century and early twentieth century) / El libro como herramienta pedagógica para la inserción de la Educación Física y de la Gimnasia en la enseñanza pública primaria de Paraná (fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX)

ResumoNo presente trabalho procuramos analisar as motivações do autor Domingos Nascimento ao se valer da obra de Daniel Schreber Ginástica doméstica, médica e higiênica para escrever sobre a ginástica que deveria ser ensinada e praticada nas escolas paranaenses. Buscamos confrontar a perspectiva dos dois autores com relação à educação física e à ginástica pensadas nos anos iniciais do século XX, bem como contextualizar tais perspectivas com a situação em que se encontrava a instrução pública no Estado do Paraná, de grandes discussões em torno da renovação do ensino, manifestadas no início de um amplo ciclo de reformas escolares, no qual a “novidade” da educação física regular nas escolas é apenas um exemplo.

AbstractThis article analyses author Domingos Nascimento's motivations behind his choice of Daniel Schreber's Medical Indoor Gymnastics, on which he based to write about the gymnastics that should be taught and practiced in Paraná schools. It seeks to confront the perspectives of both authors about physical education (PE) and gymnastics taught in the early twentieth century, as well as to contextualize those perspectives within the public education scenario in Paraná at the time. Such scenario featured major discussions around teaching renewal, held at the beginning of a vast school reform cycle, in which the “novelty” of regular PE in schools is just one among many changes.

ResumenEl trabajo analiza las motivaciones del autor Domingos Nascimento al tomar en cuenta la obra de Daniel Schreber Ginastica domestica, medica e higiênicapara escribir sobre la gimnasia que debería ser enseñada y practicada en las escuelas paranaenses. Buscamos confrontar las perspectivas de los dos autores en relación a la Educación Física y la Gimnasia pensadas en los años iniciales del siglo XX, así como contextualizar tales perspectivas con la situación en la que se encontraba la instrucción pública en la Provincia de Paraná en un momento de grandes discusiones sobre la renovación de la enseñanza manifestadas en el inicio de un amplio plan de reformas escolares que tenia la Educación Física regular en las escuelas como un ejemplo de novedad pedagógica.