ABSTRACT
We report a rare case of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syndrome in a patient with chronic HIV infection with acute illness indistinguishable from acute retroviral syndrome. The patient presented with an acute febrile mononucleosis-like illness after increasing nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. A marked increase in HIV RNA level of 1 220 000 copies/mL from less than 20 copies/mL occurred within 3 weeks. The diagnosis of acute HIV syndrome was made after alternative causes of illness were ruled out.
ABSTRACT
Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syndrome is defined as transient symptomatic illness associated with high-titer HIV replication and an expansive immunologic response to the invading pathogen. Seizure and epilepsy are not rare among the HIV-infected patients. Major causes of HIV-related seizure are focal brain lesion, meningitis, metabolic derangement, and no identified causes other than HIV itself. Generally, seizure in HIV infected patients develops during the advanced stages of the disease; decreased immunity and increased chances of developing opportunistic infection in the central nervous system (CNS) predispose them to have seizures attacks. We report a case of acute HIV syndrome which presented as new-onset seizure. Since no evidence of focal brain lesion or any opportunistic infection could be found, the most probable cause of seizure could be attributed to acute HIV syndrome. The patient got better after taking anti-epileptic drug and there have been no further recurrence of episodes so far.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Central Nervous System , Epilepsy , HIV , Meningitis , Opportunistic Infections , Recurrence , SeizuresABSTRACT
La pandemia de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana constituye un problema de interés mundial. Desde su aparición a finales del siglo XX ha sido acompañada de varios conflictos sobre su origen y descubridores. Esta revisión pretende brindar información detallada sobre los orígenes del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, y para ello se realizó una recopilación de datos sobre los antecedentes y teorías de su surgimiento. A pesar que Cuba posee una de las tasas de prevalencia de la enfermedad más baja de Latinoamérica, la incidencia de casos en la población cubana cada año va en aumento. Se debe tener presente que las enfermedades comunitarias inciden sobre nuestras tropas ya que las Fuerzas Armadas no son más que el pueblo uniformado.
Pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a worldwide problem. From its appearance at the end of XX century has been related to some conflicts on its origin and discovering. The aim of this review is to give detailed information on HIV origin and its syndrome, thus, we made a data gathering on backgrounds and emergence theories. Despite that Cuba shows one of the lowest rate of this disease in Latin America, case incidence in Cuban population is annually increasing. We must to be present that the community diseases has incidence on our troops since Army is the uniformed population.
ABSTRACT
Acute Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syndrome should be considered in any patient with possible HIV exposure who presents with acute febrile disease. The diagnosis of acute HIV syndrome is difficult because symptoms are those of common illness. A high index of suspicion and possibility of HIV exposure are important diagnostic clue. Early diagnosis during primary infection permit patient education and treatment that may delay disease progression and improve immune preservation and reconstitution. We report two cases of acute HIV syndrome presenting as an acute febrile disease. The first case had severe illness presenting as acute severe hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the second had relatively mild form of disease. Two cases started the treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and have been well now with no other complications.
