Proximal and Distal Vagal Indigestion in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Amazon Biome.

This study aims to describe the clinical signs and ultrasonographic and necropsy findings of the first cases of proximal (Buffalo 1) and distal (Buffalo 2) vagal indigestion in two Bubalus bubalis in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The clinical histories of the buffaloes were characterized by progressive weight loss, recurrent tympany, abdominal distention (apple and pear shapes), anorexia, and scant feces. Buffalo 1 was submitted to orogastric intubation, and due to the recurrent tympany, an exploratory laparotomy. Buffalo 2 was submitted to ultrasound examination, and a segment of the pylorus was shown to be adhered to the eventration by ultrasonography. Both animals produced positive results for the atropine test. In the necropsy evaluation, Buffalo 1 was shown to have dilation of the esophagus, rumen, and reticulum; the ruminal contents of animal 1 were olive green and foamy with bubbles within the ingesta. On the other hand, Buffalo 2 was shown to have distention of the forestomach and abomasum; the complex rumen-reticulum and omasum contents were semi-liquid and had a yellowish color. In animal 2, in the eventration region, there was adherence to the pyloric region. The diagnosis of vagal indigestion was based on the history, clinical signs, and ultrasound and necropsy findings, in addition to the results of the atropine test.

Abomasal impaction in a goat - surgical approach

Background: The abomasum is glandular and has a bagpipe shape, with a capacity of 1 to 2 liters. It has a very acidic content with a pH ranging from 1.5 to 3, and although disturbances in this organ are uncommon in small ruminants, abomasal emptying defect is probably the most common abomasal problem in goats. The etiology of an abomasal emptying defect is unknown, however, abomasal impaction is the main cause of this condition. Since this disorder is associated with poor prognosis and information in goats is scarce, the aim of this report is to describe the success of abomasotomy as a treatment for abomasal impaction in goats, as well as to describe the clinical and laboratory aspects of this disease. Case: A 8-month-old male Anglo-Nubian goat, weighing 33 kg, presented with apathy and decreased appetite for 4 days due to digestive disorder. According to history, the diet consisted of crushed hay ad libitum and 300 g of ration bran. Clinical findings were apathy, pale mucous membranes, ruminal hypomotility, decreased fecal output, tense abdomen with distention of the ventral quadrants and loss of rumen stratification. The increase in chloride ion concentration (67 mEq/L) observed in the ruminal fluid analysis was indicative of abomasal-ruminal reflux, compatible with metabolic acidosis, as well as the dense hyperechogenic content in the ventral field of the left and right abdomen corresponding to the location of the entire abomasum on transabdominal ultrasound. Thus, clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings were indicative of impaction of the abomasum, and the goat underwent exploratory laparotomy through the left flank, which revealed a distended and compacted abomasum. Differently from reports in the literature, due to severe distension of the abomasum, abomasotomy through the right flank was chosen to reverse the condition, followed by constant monitoring and supportive therapy with antimicrobial and analgesic medication. The goat defecated normally on the second postoperative day, however, on auscultation, there was persistence of abomasal emptying failure, suggesting a situation of posterior functional stenosis. With the suspicion of type III vagal indigestion, the atropine test, along with radiographic examination of the chest and abdomen were performed, and did not reveal any changes. In order to restore abomasal motility, intensive therapy with prokinetic drugs (bromopride, metoclopramide and promethazine) was associated, and on the fifth day the animal returned to normal appetite, abomasal motility and fecal production. The goat was discharged after 14 days of intensive care with recommendations to provide good quality food and water. Discussion: Abomasal impaction is rarely reported in goats, commonly resulting in animal death before or even a few days after surgical correction. The diagnosis of abomasal impaction was based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings, and should be differentiated from other diseases that progress with abdominal distention and gradual weight loss, such as functional stenosis; duodenal obstruction; vagal nerve disorder; abomasite; generalized peritonitis, and granuloma associated with Actinobacillus lignieresii. Surgical correction by right paralombar access associated with visceral emptying and supportive therapy of impaction abomasal was performed and considered successful, without relapses and secondary complications long-term.

Vagal indigestion in cattle: a retrospective study / Indigestão vagal em bovinos: estudo retrospectivo

This study aimed to carry out a retrospective study of vagal indigestion cases diagnosed in cattle admitted at the Garanhuns Bovine Clinic, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco campus. This syndrome, caused by dysfunctions of the vagus nerve and characterized by motility disorders of the pre-stomachs and abomasum, represented 5.5% (70/1279) of digestive cases diagnosed in a period of 10 years and had an unfavorable prognosis in 78.3% of cases. Type II vagal indigestion was the most prevalent, accounting for 40% of cases, followed by type I (24.3%) and types III and IV, which accounted for 18.6% and 10.0% of cases, respectively. Vagal indigestion in 67.1% (47/70) of cases occurred as a result of other illnesses, such as traumatic reticuloperitonitis (27.7%), lung diseases (12.8%), gastric impaction (10.6%), abomasal ulcer (10.6%), lymphosarcoma (6.4%), and liver abscesses (6.4%). Motor changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hypomotility, abdominal distension, and bloat, as well as their consequences, were the most frequent clinical signs. Laboratory, ultrasonographic, and anatomopathological alterations mainly originate from the primary illnesses present in each case. The approach of this disease is essential due to its clinical and economic importance for livestock to expand the knowledge of its etiopathogenesis, thus contributing to a more accurate diagnosis by veterinarians working in the field of internal medicine for cattle.

Objetivou-se realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de indigestão vagal diagnosticados em bovinos atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Essa síndrome, causada por disfunções do nervo vago e caracterizada por transtornos de motilidade dos pré-estômagos e abomaso, representou 5,5% (70/1279) dos casos digestivos diagnosticados num período de 10 anos e apresentou prognóstico desfavorável em 78,3% dos casos. A indigestão vagal tipo II foi a mais prevalente, representando 40% dos casos, seguida do tipo I (24,3%) e dos tipos III e IV, que corresponderam a 18,6% e 10,0%, respectivamente. Em 67,1% (47/70) dos casos, a indigestão vagal ocorreu em consequência de outras enfermidades, tais como reticuloperitonite traumática (27,7%), doenças pulmonares (12,8%), compactação gástrica (10,6%), úlcera de abomaso (10,6%), linfossarcoma (6,4%) e abscessos hepáticos (6,4%). As alterações motoras do trato gastrointestinal, tais como hipomotilidade, distensão abdominal e timpania, assim como suas consequências foram os sinais clínicos mais frequentes. As alterações laboratoriais, de imagem e anatomopatológicas são oriundas principalmente das enfermidades primárias presentes em cada caso. Devido sua importância clínica e econômica para a bovinocultura, é primordial a abordagem dessa enfermidade, visando ampliar o conhecimento da sua etiopatogenia contribuindo dessa forma para um diagnóstico mais preciso pelos médicos veterinários atuantes na área de medicina interna de bovinos.

Indigestão Vagal Incomum Em Caprino Associada A Abscesso Hepático Por Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis / Unusual Vagal Indigestion In Goat Associated With Liver Abscess By Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis / Indigestión Vagal Incomum En Caprino Asociados Al Absceso Del Hígado Por Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis

Relata-se indigestão vagal incomum em caprino, relacionada com a manifestação visceral da linfadenite caseosa, causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Inicialmente o animal apresentou timpanismo recidivante, seguido de diminuição do apetite, perda de peso, desidratação moderada, distensão abdominal e rúmen hipermotílico com movimentos fracos. Na laparoruminotomia exploratória observou-se aumento de volume do líquido peritoneal, aderências do retículo a órgãos adjacentes e aumento de volume e rigidez do fígado. Na necropsia, observou-se que a lesão hepática decorria de abscesso por C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscessos e aderências envolvendo a parede do retículo estão entre as principais causas de quadros de indigestão vagal em bovinos, o que sugere que, essas causas também estejam relacionadas com a indigestão na espécie caprina.(AU)

We report unusual vagal indigestion in goats, related to the visceral manifestation of caseous lymphadenitis, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Initially, the animal presented recurrent bloat, followed by decreased appetite, weight loss, moderate dehydration, abdominal distention and hypermotile rumen with weak movements. In the exploratory laparoruminotomy, there was an increase in volume of the peritoneal fluid, adhesions of the reticulum to adjacent organs and increase of volume and stiffness of the liver. At necropsy, it was observed that the liver lesion was caused by C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscesses and adhesions involving the reticulum wall are among the main causes of vagal indigestion in bovines, suggesting that these causes are also related to indigestion in the goat species.(AU)

Se ha informado de la indigestión vagal incomun en las cabras, en relación con la manifestación visceral de la linfadenitis caseosa causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Inicialmente, el animal mostró hinchazón recurrente, seguido de disminución del apetito, pérdida de peso, deshidratación moderada, distensión abdominal y ruminal hipermotílico con movimientos débiles. En el laparoruminotomia exploratorio observado aumento del volumen de fluido peritoneal, la adhesión retícula a órganos adyacentes y la hinchazón y la rigidez del hígado. En la autopsia, se observó que el absceso lesión hepática se deriva de C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscesos y adherencias que involucran la pared del retículo se encuentran entre las principales causas de los marcos de la indigestión vagal en el ganado, lo que sugiere que estas causas también se relacionan con la indigestión en cabras.(AU)

Indigestão Vagal Incomum Em Caprino Associada A Abscesso Hepático Por Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis / Unusual Vagal Indigestion In Goat Associated With Liver Abscess By Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis / Indigestión Vagal Incomum En Caprino Asociados Al Absceso Del Hígado Por Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis

Relata-se indigestão vagal incomum em caprino, relacionada com a manifestação visceral da linfadenite caseosa, causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Inicialmente o animal apresentou timpanismo recidivante, seguido de diminuição do apetite, perda de peso, desidratação moderada, distensão abdominal e rúmen hipermotílico com movimentos fracos. Na laparoruminotomia exploratória observou-se aumento de volume do líquido peritoneal, aderências do retículo a órgãos adjacentes e aumento de volume e rigidez do fígado. Na necropsia, observou-se que a lesão hepática decorria de abscesso por C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscessos e aderências envolvendo a parede do retículo estão entre as principais causas de quadros de indigestão vagal em bovinos, o que sugere que, essas causas também estejam relacionadas com a indigestão na espécie caprina.

We report unusual vagal indigestion in goats, related to the visceral manifestation of caseous lymphadenitis, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Initially, the animal presented recurrent bloat, followed by decreased appetite, weight loss, moderate dehydration, abdominal distention and hypermotile rumen with weak movements. In the exploratory laparoruminotomy, there was an increase in volume of the peritoneal fluid, adhesions of the reticulum to adjacent organs and increase of volume and stiffness of the liver. At necropsy, it was observed that the liver lesion was caused by C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscesses and adhesions involving the reticulum wall are among the main causes of vagal indigestion in bovines, suggesting that these causes are also related to indigestion in the goat species.

Se ha informado de la indigestión vagal incomun en las cabras, en relación con la manifestación visceral de la linfadenitis caseosa causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Inicialmente, el animal mostró hinchazón recurrente, seguido de disminución del apetito, pérdida de peso, deshidratación moderada, distensión abdominal y ruminal hipermotílico con movimientos débiles. En el laparoruminotomia exploratorio observado aumento del volumen de fluido peritoneal, la adhesión retícula a órganos adyacentes y la hinchazón y la rigidez del hígado. En la autopsia, se observó que el absceso lesión hepática se deriva de C. pseudotuberculosis. Abscesos y adherencias que involucran la pared del retículo se encuentran entre las principales causas de los marcos de la indigestión vagal en el ganado, lo que sugiere que estas causas también se relacionan con la indigestión en cabras.