Comparative analysis of acoustic therapies for tinnitus treatment based on auditory event-related potentials.

Introduction: So far, Auditory Event-Related Potential (AERP) features have been used to characterize neural activity of patients with tinnitus. However, these EEG patterns could be used to evaluate tinnitus evolution as well. The aim of the present study is to propose a methodology based on AERPs to evaluate the effectiveness of four acoustic therapies for tinnitus treatment. Methods: The acoustic therapies were: (1) Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), (2) Auditory Discrimination Therapy (ADT), (3) Therapy for Enriched Acoustic Environment (TEAE), and (4) Binaural Beats Therapy (BBT). In addition, relaxing music was included as a placebo for both: tinnitus sufferers and healthy individuals. To meet this aim, 103 participants were recruited, 53% were females and 47% were males. All the participants were treated for 8 weeks with one of these five sounds, which were moreover tuned in accordance with the acoustic features of their tinnitus (if applied) and hearing loss. They were electroencephalographically monitored before and after their acoustic therapy, and wherefrom AERPs were estimated. The sound effect of acoustic therapies was evaluated by examining the area under the curve of those AERPs. Two parameters were obtained: (1) amplitude and (2) topographical distribution. Results: The findings of the investigation showed that after an 8-week treatment, TRT and ADT, respectively achieved significant neurophysiological changes over somatosensory and occipital regions. On one hand, TRT increased the tinnitus perception. On the other hand, ADT redirected the tinnitus attention, what in turn diminished the tinnitus perception. Tinnitus handicapped inventory outcomes verified these neurophysiological findings, revealing that 31% of patients in each group reported that TRT increased tinnitus perception, but ADT diminished it. Discussion: Tinnitus has been identified as a multifactorial condition highly associated with hearing loss, age, sex, marital status, education, and even, employment. However, no conclusive evidence has been found yet. In this study, a significant (but low) correlation was found between tinnitus intensity and right ear hearing loss, left ear hearing loss, heart rate, area under the curve of AERPs, and acoustic therapy. This study raises the possibility to assign acoustic therapies by neurophysiological response of patient.

Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and its associations with clinical characteristics in asthma.

BACKGROUND: Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) assesses the combined effect of the balance between fat mass and fat-free mass. AIMS: to evaluate the associations beetween FM/FFM and clinical outcomes in asthma and to compare clinical characteristics between individuals with higher and lower FM/FFM. METHODS: 128 participants with asthma underwent anthropometric, spirometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. Physical activity in daily life (PADL) was assessed by the Actigraph for 7 days. Daily dose of inhaled medication, steps of pharmacological treatment, Asthma Control Questionnaire, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were also assessed. Participants were classified into two groups according to the 50th percentile of reference values for FM/FFM. RESULTS: Individuals with higher FM/FFM (n=75) used higher daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids, had worse lung function and fewer steps/day when compared to those with lower FM/FFM (n=53) (P≤0.021). Associations were found between absolute values of FM/FFM with lung function (FEV1 and FVC [liters]): R2=0.207 and 0.364;P<0.0001), and between the categories of lower or higher FM/FFM with steps of medication treatment (Cramer's V=0.218;P=0.016) and level of PADL (Cramer's V=0.236;P=0.009). The highest FM/FFM was a determining factor of physical inactivity (OR: 3.21;95%CI:1.17-8.78) and highest steps of pharmacological treatment (OR: 8.89;95%CI:1.23-64.08). CONCLUSION: Higher FM/FFM is significantly associated with worse clinical characteristics in individuals with asthma, such as higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids, worse lung function and fewer steps/day. Moreover, higher FM/FFM is a determining factor of physical inactivity and the highest steps of pharmacological treatment for asthma.

Comparing the hospital anxiety and depression scale to the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale for identifying cases of major depressive disorder in advanced cancer palliative patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Subscale (HADS-D) and Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale (BEDS) as case-finding tools of major depressive disorder in patients with advanced cancer in a palliative care service. METHODS: An observational study was performed which included patients with advanced cancer who attended the palliative care service at the National Institute of Cancer in Mexico. Patients were asked to fill out the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and BEDS and were then assessed by a psychiatrist to evaluate major depressive disorder (MDD) as per the DSM-5 criteria. The case-finding capability of each scale was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves, assessing the area under the curve (AUC) in comparison to the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients were included; median age was 57 years, and 71% were female. Among these, 19 patients were diagnosed with MDD during the interview. When comparing the self-reported scales, BEDS had a better performance compared with HADS-D (AUC 0.8541 vs. 0.7665). Limitations include a heterogeneous population and a limited sample size. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The BEDS outperformed the HADS-D tool in discriminating patients with and without depression. A BEDS cutoff value of ≥5 is suggested as a case-finding score for depression in this population.

Cosmetic camouflage improves health-related quality of life in women with systemic lupus erythematosus and permanent skin damage: A controlled intervention study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cosmetic camouflage in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and permanent facial skin damage. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial (Universal Trial Number: U1111-1210-2554e) with SLE women from outpatients using ACR/1997 and/or SLICC/2012 criteria, aged over 18 years old, with modified SLEDAI 2k < 4 and permanent facial skin damage, recruited in two tertiary centers to use cosmetic camouflage (n = 36) or no intervention (n = 20). Endpoints were score variations in SLE Quality of Life (SLEQoL) (total and each domain), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), after daily use of cosmetic camouflage for 12 +/-2 weeks (Phase I), "as needed" use of cosmetic camouflage for another 12 +/-2 weeks (Phase II), and during total follow up (24 +/-2 weeks). Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were conducted by protocol analysis. RESULTS: Both groups were similar at baseline regarding age, disease duration, socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics. The comparison of score variations between intervention and control groups showed an independent HRQoL improvement in total SLEQoL score after using cosmetic camouflage in Phase I [ß -27.56 (CI 95% -47.86 to -7.27) p = 0.009] and total follow up [ß -28.04 (CI 95% -48.65 to -7.44) p = 0.09], specifically in mood, self-image and physical functioning domains. Also, there was an improvement in DLQI scores during Phase I [ß -7.65 (CI 95% -12.31 to -3.00) p = 0.002] and total follow up [ß -8.97(CI95% -12.99 to -4.94) p < 0.001). Scores for depression [ß -1.92 (CI 95% -3.67 to -0.16) p = 0.033], anxiety [ß -2.87 (CI 95% -5.67 to -0.07] p = 0.045] and self-esteem [ß 2.79 (CI 95% 0.13 to 5.46) p = 0.041] improved considering the total follow up. No significant changes occurred in the control group scores. CONCLUSION: The use of cosmetic camouflage improved the HRQoL in female SLE patients with permanent facial skin damage.

Anxiety and depression in reproductive age women with rheumatic diseases.

Women in reproductive age with rheumatic diseases (RD) are especially vulnerable for depression and anxiety which negatively impacts the pregnancy, birth, and RD. The purpose of this study is to describe the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in women in reproductive age. We conducted an observational, single-center, cross-sectional, and descriptive study in reproductive-age, non-pregnant women without a prior psychiatric diagnosis. Differences between disease groups, subscale results, and disease activity were analyzed with the Chi square, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 100 women were included. Mean age was 35.3 years (SD = 10.07). The most frequent diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with 48, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with 30. A total of 66 (66%) patients had an abnormal HADS score (probable or possible cases) in either subscale. More than 50% of RA patients had an abnormal HADS score. We found an association between RA disease activity groups and total HADS score (p = 0.003). Furthermore, we found a statically significant association between RA activity groups and HADS anxiety subscales group classification (p = 0.01). No differences between disease activity groups of SLE or other diseases and HADS classification or total score was found (p = 0.277). A high frequency of probable or possible cases of depression and anxiety were recognized in reproductive-age women with RD. A high RA disease activity was associated with a high total HADS score and an increased presence of anxiety symptoms.

Evaluación de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica en la unidad de dolor de un hospital universitario / Evaluation of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic low back pain of a university hospital pain unit

La ansiedad y la depresión son las formas más frecuentes de alteraciones psicológicas que se ven en pacientes con dolor crónico, en general; y lumbalgia crónica, en particular. No existen, en nuestro medio, reportes sobre estos trastornos psicológicos en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica, siendo pocos los estudios en latinoamérica. El objetivo del presente estudio piloto fue evaluar la presencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica, acompañada o no de dolor radicular, que consultaron en el servicio de tratamiento del dolor de nuestro hospital universitario. La escala de ansiedad y depresión Hospitalaria (EADH, versión en español de la hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS) fue el instrumento utilizado para la valoración de ansiedad y depresión. La muestra fue de 25 pacientes. De éstos, 16 (64 por ciento) presentaron diagnóstico de ansiedad y 7 (28 por ciento) de depresión. La frecuencia de ansiedad en esta muestra fue más alta que la de depresión que, sin contar los casos probables, fue de 28 por ciento. Se registraron 3 casos de diagnóstico probable de ansiedad y 7 de depresión. Los pacientes estudiados presentaban dolor intenso e incapacitante, evaluado por el Inventario abreviado de dolor. Se observó una correlación lineal positiva moderada a débil, pero estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y depresión, y la intensidad del dolor medido el Índice de Intensidad. Se encontró una correlación positiva débil, aunque estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y depresión y el Índice de Interferencia. En conclusión, en este estudio piloto en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica se detectaron, utilizando la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria, niveles elevados de ansiedad, con niveles menores de depresión, trastornos que se correlacionan con la intensidad del dolor y la incapacidad derivada de éste de manera moderada a débil. Este es el primer estudio en nuestro medio que evalúa ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica, utilizando la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria validada en español. Los hallazgos obtenidos exigen un abordaje interdisciplinario de la lumbalgia crónica, que podrá incluir el uso de antidepresivos con acción ansiolítica como la duloxetina.

Anxiety and depression are frequent disorders in patients with chronic pain, in particular in the spine. No studies evaluating these psychological disorders have been performed in our country in chronic low back pain patients, and a few were found in latin America. The goal of the present pilot study was to evaluate the presence of anxiety and depression in chronic back pain patients with or without radicular pain, utilizing the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in the Spanish validated version. 25 patients were chosen of the ambulatory consultation of the chronic pain treatment unit of the university hospital. 16 (64 percent) presented anxiety and 7 depression (28 percent). The probable cases were 3 for anxiety and 7 for depression. All the patients had intense pain and functional impairment, evaluated by the brief pain Inventory instrument. A moderate to weak, statistically significant, positive correlation, were observed between anxiety and depression and pain intensity and interference, measured by the Intensity and interference scores. In conclusion, in the present pilot study in chronic low back pain patients, high levels of anxiety was observed, with lower frequency of depression, utilizing, for first time in our country, the hospital anxiety and depression scale in Spanish. Weak to moderate positive correlations were observed between anxiety and depression and pain intensity and interference in patient daily activities. Under the light of these findings, an interdisciplinary approach of chronic low back pain patients is mandatory, including the use of antidepressants with a tranquilizer profile, as it is duloxetine.

Validación de la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión en población mexicana con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria / Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Mexican population with eating disorders

Resumen Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son trastornos mentales caracterizados por la alteración del patrón de ingesta calórica. A su vez, los TCA presentan una alta comorbilidad con la depresión y la ansiedad. En México, la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) ha mostrado ser un instrumento de evaluación válido y confiable en pacientes con VIH, cáncer u obesidad, pero no se han examinado sus propiedades psicométricas en pacientes con TCA, siendo este el objetivo del presente trabajo. Participaron 325 pacientes (M edad = 22.0, DE =9.7), quienes completaron la HADS. Con base en el análisis de componentes principales, con rotación oblimin, la escala quedó conformada por 12 reactivos divididos en las dos subescalas predichas: Depresión (con nueve ítems) y Ansiedad (con tres ítems). Con base en esta estructura, se confirmó la consistencia interna tanto de la escala (α = 0.88) como de sus dos subescalas (α > 0.80). Sin embargo, los reactivos no se agruparon de forma similar a la escala original, por lo que se analiza en detalle la reconfiguración de la HADS a la luz de las características de la población con TCA en que se examinó la escala.

Abstract Eating disorders (ED) are psychiatric diseases characterized by the alteration of the caloric intake. Besides, ED have a high comorbidity with depression and anxiety. In Mexico, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has shown to be a valid and reliable instrument in patients with HIV, cancer, and obesity but its psychometric properties have not been assessed in patients with ED, being the latter the aim of this research. A total of 325 patients (M age = 22.0, SD = 9.7), completed the HADS. Based on principal axis factoring and oblimin rotation the scale yielded 12 items divided into two subscales: Depression (with nine items) and Anxiety (with three items). With this structure was confirmed the internal consistency of the scale (α = 0.88) and the two subscales (α > 0.80), however the items did not group in the same order than they did in the original scale, for this reason the new configuration of the HADS was analyzed in detail based on the features of the population where the scale was examined, this means, in patients with ED.

Assessment of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) performance for the diagnosis of anxiety in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is described in 12-95% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anxiety disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of NPSLE, occurring in 4-85% of these patients. Several diagnostic tools, such as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), have been used to assess anxiety in clinical studies in SLE, but there is a lack of data on the performance of these questionnaires in the disease. This study aimed to assess the performance of HADS for the detection of anxiety in male and female patients with SLE, also investigating possible gender differences in this aspect. This study included 54 male SLE patients and 54 female SLE patients. The Diagnostic Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was used as gold-standard method to assess the performance of HADS for detecting anxiety in SLE patients. HADS presented sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 92.6%, with positive and negative predictive values of 80.0 and 96.1%, respectively. The HADS accuracy in total sample was 92.6%, with Kappa coefficient equal to 0.5794 (95% CI 0.3894-0.7695). No significant differences were observed between female and male groups regarding the performance of HADS for diagnosing anxiety.

Psychopathological evaluation and use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in a sample of Brazilian patients with post-stroke depression

Abstract Background: Depression is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke and is often undetected or inadequately treated. Objective: This study aimed to characterize psychopathological aspects of Brazilian patients admitted to an acute stroke unit, and to evaluate the performance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in detecting cases of depression. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Sixty consecutive patients admitted to an acute stroke unit were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Modified Rankin Scale, the Functional Independence Measure, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus, the HADS, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Pathological Laughing and Crying Scale. Results: Prevalence of depression was 26.7%. Patients with post-stroke depression were more likely to present diabetes (p < 0.01) and had greater disability (p < 0.001) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-depressed patients. Depressed patients showed worse performance specifically on tasks of attention/calculation and language of the MMSE. ROC curve analysis of HADS provided a cutoff value of 6 for detecting depression (sensitivity: 83.3%; specificity: 83.3%). The depression subscale of HADS (HADS-D) presented sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.17%. Discussion: HADS-D showed good performance in screening for depressive symptoms after acute stroke.

Economic value of treating lumbar disc herniation in Brazil.

OBJECT: Lumbar discectomy is one of the most common surgical spine procedures. In order to understand the value of this surgical care, it is important to understand the costs to the health care system and patient for good results. The objective of this study was to evaluate for the first time the cost-effectiveness of spine surgery in Latin America for lumbar discectomy in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for patients in Brazil. METHODS: The authors performed a prospective cohort study involving 143 consecutive patients who underwent open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Patient-reported outcomes were assessed utilizing the SF-6D, which is derived from a 12-month variation of the SF-36. Direct medical costs included medical reimbursement, costs of hospital care, and overall resource consumption. Disability losses were considered indirect costs. A 4-year horizon with 3% discounting was applied to health-utilities estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying utility gain by 20%. The costs were expressed in Reais (R$) and US dollars ($), applying an exchange rate of 2.4:1 (the rate at the time of manuscript preparation). RESULTS: The direct and indirect costs of open lumbar discectomy were estimated at an average of R$3426.72 ($1427.80) and R$2027.67 ($844.86), respectively. The mean total cost of treatment was estimated at R$5454.40 ($2272.66) (SD R$2709.17 [$1128.82]). The SF-6D utility gain was 0.044 (95% CI 0.03197-0.05923, p = 0.017) at 12 months. The 4-year discounted QALY gain was 0.176928. The estimated cost-utility ratio was R$30,828.35 ($12,845.14) per QALY gained. The sensitivity analysis showed a range of R$25,690.29 ($10,714.28) to R$38,535.44 ($16,056.43) per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: The use of open lumbar discectomy to treat LDH is associated with a significant improvement in patient outcomes as measured by the SF-6D. Open lumbar discectomy performed in the Brazilian supplementary health care system provides a cost-utility ratio of R$30,828.35 ($12,845.14) per QALY. The value of acceptable cost-effectiveness will vary by country and region.

Anxiety, depression, and satisfaction in close relatives of patients in an open visiting policy intensive care unit in Brazil.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the satisfaction and symptoms of anxiety and depression in family members in an open visiting intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in a 22-bed mixed ICU in a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Family members were enrolled 2 days after admission, and they completed a modified version of Critical Care Family Needs Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: A total of 471 families were interviewed between March 2011 and 2013. Prevalence of anxiety and depression were of 34% and 17%, respectively. We found a high satisfaction score, median of 13 (12-14), and 5% of families were dissatisfied. The daily visiting time was 12 (8-22) hours, and until 10 hours per day, there was a positive association between visiting hours and satisfaction (P = .004). Dissatisfied families reported higher rates of anxiety and depression (P < .001). Visiting hours presented negative interaction between HADS and Critical Care Family Needs Inventory. Patients' severity had a trend toward dissatisfaction (P = .08) and affected emotional disorders (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Family members in an open visit ICU reported low rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression and high satisfaction. Visiting hours were associated with the satisfaction score and were a protective factor for family members with higher HADS score.

Development and validation of the distress thermometer for parents of a chronically ill child.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a Distress Thermometer for Parents (DT-P) for chronically ill children and to determine a cutoff score for clinical distress. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of a chronically ill child (0-18 years) were recruited via announcements or were actively approached at the outpatient clinics of the Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center. We modeled the development of the DT-P on the Distress Thermometer used in oncology medical care. The DT-P consists of a thermometer score from 0 (no distress) to 10 (extreme distress) and a problem list (practical, social, emotional, physical, cognitive, and parenting domains). The DT-P was validated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Parenting Stress Index. RESULTS: The mean thermometer score of the 706 participating parents was 3.7 (SD 3.0). The thermometer score and the scores in the practical, emotional, physical, and cognitive problem domains were strongly related to anxiety, depression, and the total score of the HADS (0.55 ≤ r ≤ 0.72). The thermometer score and all problem domain scores were moderately-to-strongly related to the Parenting Stress Index (0.38 ≤ r ≤ 0.63). A cutoff-score of 4 correctly identified 86% of "clinical HADS cases" (sensitivity) and 67% of "nonclinical HADS cases" (specificity). CONCLUSIONS: We developed the DT-P and examined its diagnostic utility in a large sample. The DT-P appeared to be a valid and useful short screening-tool for identifying parental distress.

Depression Subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale applied preoperatively in spinal surgery / Subescala de Depressão da Escala Hospitalar de Depressão e Ansiedade no pré-operatório de coluna vertebral

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) in spine surgery, comparing it to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the HADS-D and the BDI were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar (n=139) or cervical spondylosis (n=17). Spearman correlation tests for HADS-D and BDI were applied. The internal consistency of HADS-D was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: According to the BDI, the prevalence of depression was of 28.8% (n=45). The Spearman r coefficient between HADS-D and BDI was 0.714 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha for HADS-D was 0.795. The area of the ROC curve was 0.845. Using a cutoff for HADS-D >10, there was a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 95.4%, and positive likelihood-ratio of 15.78. CONCLUSIONS: HADS-D showed a strong correlation with BDI and good reliability. HADS-D is a good alternative for screening depression and assessing its severity.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia da Subescala de Depressão da Escala Hospitalar de Depressão e Ansiedade (HADS-D) em cirurgia da coluna, comparando-a com o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, no qual a HADS-D e o BDI foram aplicados em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia da coluna vertebral por espondilose lombar (n=139) ou cervical (n=17). Teste de correlação de Spearman foi aplicado entre HADS-D e BDI. A consistência interna da HADS-D foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: De acordo com o BDI, a prevalência de depressão foi de 28,8% (n=45). O coeficiente r de Spearman entre HADS-D e BDI foi de 0,714 (p <0,001). Alpha de Cronbach para o HADS-D foi de 0,795. A área da curva ROC foi de 0,845. Usando um corte para HADS-D >10, houve sensibilidade de 71,1%, especificidade de 95,4% e razão de verossimilhança positiva de 15,78. CONCLUSÕES: HADS-D apresentou forte correlação com o BDI e boa confiabilidade. A HADS-D é uma boa alternativa para a triagem de depressão e verificação da gravidade dos sintomas.

Evaluación de la depresión en pacientes hospitalizados por distintas enfermedades médicas en la ciudad deBucaramanga / Evaluation of depression in patients hospitalized for different illnesses in the city of Bucaramanga

El presente estudio pretendió evaluar la presencia de depresión en pacienteshospitalizados por distintas enfermedades médicas, en una muestra de 82pacientes con un rango de edades entre 22 y 76 años, a quienes se les aplicó elInventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II) y la escala de Ansiedad y DepresiónHospitalaria (HADS). Los datos fueron procesados a través SPSS 11.5, el cualarrojó los siguientes resultados: 1) Una prevalencia del 41.5% de depresión enla muestra, de acuerdo con el BDI-II. 2) Una prevalencia de trastorno depresivodel 11% de la muestra según el HADS. 3) Mayor prevalencia de síntomassomático-motivacionales, frente a los síntomas cognitivo-afectivos. Estoshallazgos corresponden a lo referido en la literatura al señalar la alta prevalenciade depresión en contexto hospitalario; igualmente, confirma la importancia de laevaluación de síntomas cognitivo-afectivos para determinar la presencia o no deepisodios depresivos en este tipo de pacientes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of depression in patients hospitalizedwith different illnesses. A sample was taken of 82 patients of ages ranging from 22 to 76, to whom the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Hospitaland Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were applied. The data were processedwith SPSS 11.5, which produced the following results: 1) A prevalence of 41.5%depression in the sample according to BDI-II. 2) A prevalence of depressivedysfunction of 11% in the sample, according to the HADS. 3) higher prevalenceof somatic-motivational symptoms compared with cognitive-affective symptoms.These findings correspond to those mentioned in publications, highlighting thehigh prevalence of depression in hospitals; equally, they confirm the importanceof the evaluation of cognitive-affective symptoms to determine the presence orotherwise of depression in this type of patient.

O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a presença de depressão em pacienteshospitalizados por diferentes doenças médicas numa amostra de 82 pacientescom uma categoria de idades entre 22 e 76 anos, a que se aplicou o Inventáriode Depressão de Beck (BDI-II) e a escala de Ansiedade e Depressão NosHospitais (HADS). Os dados foram processados através do SPSS 11.5 o qualapresentou os seguintes resultados: 1) uma prevalência do 41.5% de depressãona amostra de acordo com o BDI-II. 2) uma prevalência de transtorno depressivode 11% da amostra segundo o HADS. 3) Maior prevalência de sintomassomático-motivacionais fronte aos sintomas cognitivo-afetivos. Estes achadoscorrespondem ao referido na literatura ao sinalar a alta prevalência de depressãoem contexto nos hospitais, igualmente, confirma a importância da avaliaçãode sintomas cognitivo-afetivos para determinar a presença ou não de episódiosdepressivos neste tipo de pacientes.