A percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o atendimento psiquiátrico em um hospital geral / Nursing workers' perception of psychiatric care in a general hospita / Percepciones de los trabajadores de enfermería sobre la atención psiquiátrica en un hospital genera

Objetivo: Analisar a produção do cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico atendidas em um hospital geral na perspectiva da corresponsabilidade e integralidade. Método:Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, exploratório, por meio da análise documental, observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada com 12 técnicos de enfermagem e 15 enfermeiros do Hospital Municipal de Serrinha-Bahia/Brasil. Os dados foram analisados apartir análise de conteúdo. Resultados:O atendimento psiquiátrico no hospital geral é visto pela maioria da equipe como porta de entrada para o primeiro atendimento, porém demonstram sentir receio, insegurança e despreparo para lidar com estes pacientes,sinalizando a necessidade de educação permanente para elaboração e integração de novos saberes. Considerações finais: Para efetivação do novo modelo de assistência à saúde mental, faz-se necessário a promoção de reflexão direcionada a desconstrução de preconceitos e estigmas previamente estabelecidos. Nesse sentido, torna-se imprescindível a compreensão das novas práticas para o enfrentamento do processo de transição de paradigma, que demanda dos profissionais, a disponibilidade para rever suas próprias percepções e práticas diante dos desafios advindos do processo de aproximação da pessoa em sofrimento psíquico no serviço de saúde.

Objective: To analyze the production of nursing care for people in psychological distress treated in a general hospital from the perspective of co-responsibility and comprehensiveness. Method:A qualitative, exploratory study was carried out using document analysis, participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 12 nursing technicians and 15 nurses from the Municipal Hospital of Serrinha-Bahia/Brazil. The data was analyzed using content analysis. Results:Psychiatric care in the general hospital is seen by most of the team as the gateway to first aid, but they feel afraid, insecure and unprepared to deal with these patients, signaling the need for ongoing education to develop and integrate new knowledge.Final considerations: In order to implement the new mental health care model, it is necessary to promote reflection aimed at deconstructing previously established prejudices and stigmas. In this sense, it is essential to understand the new practices in order to cope with the process of paradigm transition, which requires professionals to be willing to review their own perceptions and practices in the face of the challenges arising from the process of approaching people in psychological distress in the health service.

Objetivo: analizar la producción de cuidados de enfermería a personas en situación de malestar psíquico atendidas en un hospital general desde la perspectiva de la corresponsabilidad y la integralidad. Método:Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y exploratorio mediante análisis de documentos, observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas con 12 técnicos de enfermería y 15 enfermeros del Hospital Municipal de Serrinha-Bahia/Brasil. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados:La atención psiquiátrica en el hospital general es vista por la mayoría del equipo como la puerta de entrada a los primeros auxilios, pero se sienten temerosos, inseguros y poco preparados para tratar con estos pacientes, lo que señala la necesidad de una formación continua para desarrollar e integrar nuevos conocimientos. Consideraciones finales: Para implementar el nuevo modelo de atención en salud mental es necesario promover una reflexión orientada a deconstruir prejuicios y estigmas previamente establecidos. En este sentido, es esencial comprender las nuevas prácticas para hacer frente al cambio de paradigma, lo que requiere que los profesionales estén dispuestos a revisar sus propias percepciones y prácticas frente a los desafíos derivados del proceso de acercamiento a las personas que sufren enfermedades mentales en el servicio de salud.

Factors Associated With Physical Restraints in a Psychiatric Unit in Japan: a Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the use and duration of physical restraint (PR) in a psychiatric unit in Japan. METHODS: Medical records of 1308 patients admitted first time to the psychiatric emergency unit of Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included patient age, sex, outpatient treatment, living arrangements, disability pension status, diagnosis (based on ICD-10), and psychotropic medication use at admission (chlorpromazine equivalent dose, imipramine equivalent dose, diazepam equivalent dose, and number of mood stabilisers administered). Logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with the use and duration of PR, respectively. RESULTS: Of 1308 patients, 399 (30.5%) were subjected to PR and 909 (69.5%) were not. Among the 399 patients subjected to PR, 54 were excluded from the multiple regression analysis for duration of PR as they remained subject to PR on the day of discharge. The remaining 345 patients were subject to PR for a median of 10 days. PR utilisation was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.420), treatment at our hospital (OR = 0.260), treatment at other hospitals (OR = 0.645), F3 diagnosis (depression) [OR = 0.290], F4-9 diagnosis (OR = 0.309), and imipramine equivalent dose at admission (unit OR = 0.994). The log-transformed duration of PR was independently associated with the age group of 50 to 69 years (ß = 0.248), the age group of ≥70 years (ß = 0.274), receiving a disability pension (ß = 0.153), an F1 diagnosis (ß = -0.187), an F4-9 diagnosis (ß = -0.182), chlorpromazine equivalent dose at admission (ß = 0.0004), and number of mood stabilisers administered at admission (ß = -0.270). CONCLUSION: Identifying factors associated with the use and duration of PR may lead to reduction in the use and duration of PR.

"Holding back my own emotions": Evaluation of an online education module in pediatric end-of-life care.

Providing quality end-of-life care to a child who is dying in hospital can be stressful and challenging, and health professionals often feel ill-prepared and require additional support. End-of-Life Essentials offers online education modules for health professionals working in acute hospitals, including one on end-of-life care in pediatric settings. This study aimed to evaluate this module and explore learners' views on challenges faced when caring for a dying child and their family in a hospital setting. Learners comprised nurses, doctors, and allied health professionals. A quantitative pre-/post-evaluation analysis was conducted using learner data (n = 552) on knowledge and skills gained from engagement with the module, along with a qualitative thematic content analysis on learner responses (n = 395) to a post-evaluation free-text response question, between May 2019 and May 2020. Learners' post-evaluation ranks of perceived knowledge, skill, attitude, and confidence were significantly higher than pre-evaluation ranks (p < 0.001). Effect sizes were small to medium, ranging from 0.31 to 0.38 (95% confidence intervals from 0.23 to 0.45). Emerging themes from the qualitative data were dealing with emotions, and communicating effectively. This evaluation suggests that the Pediatrics module could be a useful online learning resource for health professionals. A planned longitudinal study will further investigate practice change.

Implementación de un sistema protocolizado de pesquisa temprana de patología psiquiátrica en un hospital general. Protocolo de Vigilancia Neuropsiquiátrica (VNP): avanzando hacia un modelo de psiquiatría de enlace proactivo / Implementation of a protocol for neuropsychiatric disease surveillance in a general hospital

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Proactive models of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP-p) could play a key role in the prevention and management of these diseases in a general hospital. AIM: To develop a protocol for implementing screening tools for neuropsychiatric symptoms in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Elements of the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model were used to modify the Neuropsychiatric Surveillance protocol implemented at a clinical hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic by members of the hospital's CLP team. RESULTS: A flowchart for active follow-up of neuropsychiatric symptoms during hospitalization is presented, with sequential management and referral flows, accompanied by suggestions for pre-discharge evaluation to define continuity of care actions. The COSMOS tool is also presented, designed for the detection of risk factors and actions for the prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases in general hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The neuropsychiatric surveillance protocol facilitates early and timely interventions and establishes criteria for the continuity of post-discharge care. These changes could improve the quality of care in general hospitals and reduce the gap between mental and physical health.

Needs and requirements for general practice department in general hospitals from the perspective of grassroots: a qualitative study / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To survey the needs and requirements of the general practice department in general hospitals from the perspective of grassroots health care personnel.Methods:From July 2020 to February 2022, a qualitative study on needs and requirements for the general practice department in general hospitals was conducted. Twenty eight participants from community health service centers in Beijing, Xi′an and Guangzhou were selected for the in-depth interviews.Results:The participants expressed their opinions and suggestions on the community needs and requirements for general practice department in general hospitals as follows. (1) The necessity of establishing department of general practice in general hospitals: the general hospitals had advantages to meet the medical needs of the community; the teaching and training should be focus on the way of thinking in the general practice, while the training needs for research ability was less required. (2) The cooperation between general hospital and its community teaching base: to implement the joint teaching rounds and joint home visits were effective ways for collaboration, which may ensure the quality of clinical faculty in the community bases. (3)The training needs of the community: rational use of drugs was most required, sub-specialty training was another concern for general practitioners in grassroots level. (4) The requirements for general practice department in the general hospital: in addition to complete organizational structure, daily teaching work needs to be implemented, and horizontal and vertical connection to relevant health institutions also need to be strengthened. Meanwhile, the teaching work should be a considerable part in the department performance assessment, and excellent clinical ability was also required to facilitate the effective referral of patients from the community.Conclusions:The study shows the necessity of establishing department of general practice in general hospitals, and various needs from the community teaching base, which providing reference for improving the construction of general practice department in the future.

Calidad de la atención de servicios de internación psiquiátrica en hospitales generales de Argentina, 2018 / Quality of psychiatric hospitalization services in general hospitals in Argentina, 2018

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de atención en servicios de internación psiquiátrica de hospitales generales desde los enfoques de derechos y comunitario. Métodos: estudio multicéntrico, observacional descriptivo. Se seleccionaron cuatro servicios de internación psiquiátrica de hospitales generales ubicados en centros urbanos de distinta población en Argentina. En cada uno de ellos se analizaron los registros estadísticos, se realizaron observaciones no participantes y se entrevistó a gestores, trabajadores y usuarios. La guía de observación y entrevista se elaboró a partir de la revisión de instrumentos de la OMS y del proyecto Idea. Los resultados se analizaron a partir de las categorías de enfoque de derechos y orientación comunitaria de los servicios. Resultados: respecto del enfoque de derechos se observa que el que requiere mayor desarrollo es el de capacidad jurídica. En relación a la orientación comunitaria, se observa un mayor desarrollo de esta perspectiva a través de la implementación de diversas estrategias y el trabajo con las familias como la más común. Conclusiones: en términos de procesos y resultados de la atención se observan algunas diferencias entre los servicios que cuentan con sala especializada y los que no, y que estos últimos requieren de otros estudios para poder ser analizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate, based on the human rights and community care frameworks, the quality of hospitalization psychiatric services in general hospitals. Methods: Multisite, descriptive observational study. There were analyzed four psychiatric hospitalization services, located in general hospitals of urban districts with different sizes in Argentina. Data collection included analysis of statistical records, non-participant observations of services, and interviews with service managers, service staff and users. The observation and interview guides were based on two international tools: Idea project interview guide, and QRTK of the WHO. Results were analyzed using two main categories: human rights-based care approach and community orientation of care delivery. Results: Regarding human rights-based care, legal capacity is the right that requires more improvement in services. About community orientation of care, different strategies were observed, with the work with the families as the most common. Conclusions: One aspect that requires further research is the specific type of psychiatric hospitalization service in the general hospital, given the fact that some differences in process and results were observed between general and specialized wards.

Administering Virtual Reality Therapy to Manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Dementia Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital: Results of a Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: As virtual reality (VR) technologies become increasingly accessible and affordable, clinicians are eager to try VR therapy as a novel means to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, which are exacerbated during acute care hospitalization, with the goal of reducing the use of antipsychotics, sedatives, and physical restraints associated with negative adverse effects, increased length of stay, and caregiver burden. To date, no evaluations of immersive VR therapy have been reported for patients with dementia in acute care hospitals. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the feasibility (acceptance, comfort, and safety) of using immersive VR therapy for people living with dementia (mild, moderate, and advanced) during acute care hospitalization and explore its potential to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal pilot study was conducted at a community teaching hospital in Toronto. The study was nonrandomized and unblinded. A total of 10 patients aged >65 years (mean 86.5, SD 5.7) diagnosed with dementia participated in one or more research coordinator-facilitated sessions of viewing immersive 360° VR footage of nature scenes displayed on a Samsung Gear VR head-mounted display. This mixed-methods study included review of patient charts, standardized observations during the intervention, and pre- and postintervention semistructured interviews about the VR experience. RESULTS: All recruited participants (N=10) completed the study. Of the 10 participants, 7 (70%) displayed enjoyment or relaxation during the VR session, which averaged 6 minutes per view, and 1 (10%) experienced dizziness. No interference between the VR equipment and hearing aids or medical devices was reported. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to expose older people with dementia of various degrees admitted to an acute care hospital to immersive VR therapy. VR therapy was found to be acceptable to and comfortable by most participants. This pilot study provides the basis for conducting the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of VR therapy on managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in acute care hospitals.

Percepções de familiares sobre o cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos / Family members' perceptions of nursing care for people with psychiatric symptoms

RESUMO Objetivo compreender as percepções de familiares sobre o cuidado de enfermagem destinado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos. Métodos estudo qualitativo, com 13 familiares, em cinco unidades de internação clínica vinculadas ao serviço de enfermagem clínica de um hospital geral. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados os desafios percebidos pelos familiares foram: rotatividade dos profissionais nas escalas de trabalho e dificuldade de manejo especializado. Os participantes sugeriram capacitação da equipe, maior integração multiprofissional, melhora do manejo e diminuição da rotatividade dos profissionais durante o cuidado. Conclusão os familiares verbalizaram dificuldades e sugestões para subsidiar a reflexão sobre o cuidado ofertado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos internadas em unidades clínicas hospitalares, a fim de melhorar as práticas de trabalho e qualificar o cuidado.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand family members' perceptions of nursing care for people with psychiatric symptoms. Methods qualitative study, with 13 family members, in five clinical inpatient units linked to the clinical nursing service of a general hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results the challenges perceived by family members were turnover of professionals in the work schedules and difficulty in specialized management. The participants suggested training of the team, greater multi-professional integration, improved management and reduced turnover of professionals during care. Conclusion family members verbalized difficulties and suggestions to support reflection on the care offered to people with psychiatric symptoms hospitalized in clinical units, in order to improve work practices and qualify care.

Unidade psiquiátrica em hospital geral: características de estrutura e organização / Unidad psiquiátrica en el hospital general: características de estructura y organización / Psychiatric unit in general hospital: characteristics of structure and organization

Objetivo: caracterizar a unidade de psiquiatria do Hospital Geral, no tocante à estrutura, organização do trabalho, perfil profissional da enfermagem e tipo de paciente que recebe. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caso de observação direta, abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com participação de dez profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: Observou-se uma unidade com estrutura física moderna, pautada na intervenção multiprofissional. Profissionais de enfermagem jovens, do sexo feminino, com tempo de formação maior que 10 anos e mais de 3 anos de atuação na unidade psiquiátrica, mas cuja formação e experiência pouco se refere à saúde mental. Pacientes do sexo masculino, jovens, solteiros, em primeira internação, com longa taxa de permanência, sendo internados por situação de risco elevado de suicídio, seguidos de manifestações dos transtornos mentais relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas. Conclusão: A unidade psiquiátrica, no hospital geral, possibilita o acesso ao cuidado de enfermagem e dos demais profissionais para uma atenção integral às necessidades das pessoas com transtorno mental. Contudo, há necessidade de maior formação da equipe de enfermagem para lidar, em saúde mental, nessas unidades, que se esbarram na reduzida oferta de cursos de especialização em algumas regiões do Brasil. (AU)

Objective: to characterize the General Hospital's psychiatric unit according to its structure, work organization, nursing professional profile and the type of patient it receives. Method: This is a direct observation case study of qualitative and quantitative nature, with the participation of ten nursing professionals. Results: A unit with a modern physical structure based on multiprofessional intervention was identified. Young female nursing professionals with a training time of more than 10 years and with more than 3 years of experience in the psychiatric unit were identified. However, their education and experience have little to do with mental health. Young, single, first-time, long-term male patients being hospitalized for high-risk of suicide, followed by manifestations of mental disorders related to alcohol and other drug use. Conclusion: The General Hospital's psychiatric unit provides access to nursing care and other health professionals for comprehensive attention to the needs of people with mental disorders. However, the nursing staff needs more training to deal with mental health in such units. The health professionals face a small number of specialization courses in some regions of Brazil.(AU)

Objetivo: caracterizar la unidad psiquiátrica del Hospital General en términos de estructura, organización del trabajo, perfil profesional de la enfermería y tipo de paciente recibido. Método: Se trata de un estudio de caso de observación directa, enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, con la participación de diez profesionales de enfermería. Resultados: Se observó una unidad con una estructura física moderna basada en la intervención multidisciplinar. Jóvenes profesionales de enfermería, mujeres, con más de 10 años de formación y más de 3 años de experiencia en la unidad psiquiátrica, pero cuya formación y experiencia no se refieren a la salud mental. Pacientes varones, jóvenes, solteros, en su primera hospitalización, con una larga estancia, siendo hospitalizados por alto riesgo de suicidio, seguidos de manifestaciones de trastornos mentales relacionados con el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Conclusión: La unidad psiquiátrica del hospital general proporciona acceso a la atención de enfermería y a otros profesionales para la atención integral de las necesidades de las personas con trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir capacitando al personal de enfermería para que se ocupe de la salud mental en estas unidades, que se enfrentan a una oferta reducida de cursos de especialización en algunas regiones de Brasil.(AU)

Mortalidad hospitalaria en un centro de alta complejidad del Ministerio de Salud, Lambayeque-Perú, 2014-2018 / Hospital mortality in a highly complex center from Lambayeque-Peru, 2014-2018

Objetivo: Describir características clínicas y aspectos de la mortalidad en pacientes del Hospital Regional Lambayeque,periodo2014-2018; Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con análisis exploratorio. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes fallecidos de diferentes servicios según el registro del Sistema de gestión de la calidad. Resultados: Hubo 1560 fallecidos (4,7%); la mediana de edad: 55 años (RIC=23-100), el grupo etario más frecuente: mayor de 75 años: 25,1%; 50,2% fueron mujeres, 74,1% fueron de Lambayeque y 36,8% de Chiclayo; 32,6% fueron atendidos por medicina interna y 18% por Medicina Intensiva. Los años que contribuyeron con más fallecidos fueron: 2017 (21,2%) y 2014 (20,7%) y la frecuencia de mortalidad fue mayor en el 2014: 6,1% y menor en el 2018: 4,1%. Los diagnósticos de egreso más frecuentes fueron: sepsis/choque séptico: 30,17% e Insuficiencia respiratoria: 10,7%. En 14/1560 (0,9%) aparece "paro cardiaco" como diagnóstico final y en 82/1560 (5,2%) aparece "no diagnóstico". En 14/1560 (0,9%) se consignan sólo signos o diagnósticos que no explican fallecimientos. Sólo en 44,6% del total, se consignó el segundo diagnóstico de egreso. Conclusiones: Predominó el grupo adulto mayor, con sepsis e insuficiencia respiratoria, atendidos por medicina interna y cuidados intensivos; la mortalidad es elevada, pero con disminución en el tiempo. Existen deficiencias en el registro de la información tanto en calidad como en el subreporte.

Objetive: To describe clinical characteristics and aspects of mortality in patients from the Hospital Regional Lambayeque during 2014-2018; Material and Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study with exploratory analysis. All deceased patients from the different services were included according to the Quality Management System registry. Results: There were 1560 deaths (4.7%); the median age was 55 years (IQR = 23-100), the most frequent age group was: over 75 years: 25.1%; 50.2% were women, 74.1% were from Lambayeque and 36.8% from Chiclayo; 32.6% were treated by Internal medicine and 18% by Intensive Medicine. The years that contributed with most deaths were: 2017 (21.2%) and 2014 (20.7%); the frequency of mortality was higher during 2014: 6.1% and lower during 2018: 4.1%. The most frequent discharge diagnoses were: sepsis/septic shock: 30.17% and respiratory failure:10.7%. In 14/1560 (0.9%) "cardiac arrest" appears as the final diagnosis and in 82/1560 (5.2%) the first diagnosis is "non-diagnosis". In 14/1560 (0.9%) only signs or diagnoses that do not explain deaths are reported. Only in 44.6%, the second discharge diagnosis was recorded. Conclusions: The older adult group was the most frequent, with sepsis and respiratory failure, treated by internal medicine and intensive care; Mortality is high, but with decrease through the years. There are deficiencies in the registration of information both in quality and subreport.

Pressure injuries among admissions to a hospital in the tropics.

We report incidence rates for pressure injuries seen in an acute hospital in Singapore that were classified as Stage 3 or Stage 4. The characteristics of patients and the factors that explain variation in the primary outcome of duration of hospital stay are summarized. Existing data were available from Singapore General Hospital for all admissions from January 2016 to December 2019. Univariable analysis was done and a multivariable Poisson regression model estimated. Incidence rates declined from 4.05 to 3.4 per 1000 admissions in the 48 months between 2016 and 2019. The vast majority were community acquired with 75% in admission from the patients' home. Factors that explain variation in length of stay were, ethnicity; site of injury; community versus healthcare associated; inter-hospital transfer; fracture as reason for admission; and the number of days between admission and assessment of wound by specialist nurse. Stage 3 and 4 injuries arise in a home environment most often and are subsequently managed in acute hospital at high cost. These are novel epidemiological data from a hospital in the tropics where the potential to improve outcomes, implement screening and prevention, and thus increase the performance of health services is strong.

Profile of general hospitals in the Unified Health System / Perfil dos hospitais gerais do Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the organization of Brazilian general hospitals that provide services to the Unified Health System using indicators that describe the main dimensions of hospital care. METHODS A 2015 cross-sectional observational study, comprising the range of general hospitals that serve the Unified Health System. We constructed the hospital indicators from two national administrative databases: the National Registry of Health Facilities and the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. The indicators include the main dimensions associated with hospital care: public-private mix, production, production factors, performance, quality, case-mix and geographic coverage. Latent class analysis of indicators with bootstrapping was used to identify hospital profiles. RESULTS We identified three profiles, with hospital size being the variable with the highest degree of belonging. Small hospitals show low occupancy rates (21.36%) and high participation of hospitalizations that could have been solved with outpatient care, besides attending only medium complexity cases. They receive few non-residents, indicating that they are mainly dedicated to the local population. Medium-sized hospitals are more similar to small-sized ones: about 100% of the visits are of medium complexity, low occupancy rate (45.81%), high rate of hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions (17.10%) and relative importance in the healthcare provision of non-residents (26%). Large hospitals provide high complexity care, have an average occupancy rate of 64.73% and show greater geographical coverage. CONCLUSIONS The indicators point to three hospital profiles, characterized mainly by the production scale. Small hospitals show low performance, suggesting the need to reorganize hospital care provision, especially at the municipal level. The set of proposed indicators includes the main dimensions of hospital care, providing a tool that can help to plan and continuously monitor the hospital network of the Unified Health System.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar a organização dos hospitais gerais brasileiros que prestam serviço ao Sistema Único de Saúde por meio de indicadores que descrevem as principais dimensões do cuidado hospitalar. MÉTODOS Estudo observacional transversal para o ano de 2015, compreendendo o universo dos hospitais gerais que atendem o Sistema Único de Saúde. Os indicadores hospitalares foram construídos a partir de duas bases de dados administrativos nacionais: o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimento de Saúde e o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os indicadores contemplam as principais dimensões associadas ao cuidado hospitalar: mix público-privado, produção, fatores de produção, desempenho, qualidade, case-mix e abrangência geográfica. A análise de classes latentes dos indicadores com implementação do bootstrapping foi utilizada para a identificação dos perfis hospitalares. RESULTADOS Foram identificados três perfis, sendo porte hospitalar a variável com grau de pertencimento mais elevado. Os hospitais pequenos apresentam baixas taxas de ocupação (21,36%) e elevada participação de internações que poderiam ter sido solucionadas com cuidado ambulatorial, além de atenderem somente a média complexidade. Recebem poucos não residentes, indicando que estão dedicados praticamente à população local. Os hospitais de médio porte se assemelham mais aos de pequeno porte: cerca de 100% dos atendimentos são de média complexidade, baixa taxa de ocupação (45,81%), elevada taxa de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (17,10%) e relativa importância no atendimento de não residentes (26%). Os hospitais grandes realizam os atendimentos de alta complexidade, têm taxa de ocupação média de 64,73% e apresentam maior abrangência geográfica. CONCLUSÕES Os indicadores apontam três perfis de hospitais, caracterizados principalmente pela escala de produção. Os hospitais de pequeno porte apresentam baixa performance, sugerindo a necessidade de reorganização da oferta do cuidado hospitalar, principalmente no nível municipal. O conjunto dos indicadores propostos inclui as principais dimensões do cuidado hospitalar, fornecendo uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada no planejamento e monitoramento contínuo da rede hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos no idoso hospitalizado: estudo comparativo / Prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalized older adults: a comparative study / Prevalencia de síntomas de depresión en el anciano hospitalizado: estudio comparativo

Objetivo: comparar a prevalência dos sintomas depressivos no idoso hospitalizado, mediante uso da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica­15 e por meio da avaliação realizada pelo enfermeiro na admissão do idoso. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem transversal em hospital público de ensino. Utilizou-se a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e instrumento com lista de sintomas depressivos, extraídos das características definidoras dos diagnósticos de enfermagem. Resultados: a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos hospitalizados foi de 47%, segundo a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, e de 25% segundo a avaliação do enfermeiro, no momento da admissão do paciente. Conclusão: a avaliação realizada pelo enfermeiro detectou baixa porcentagem dos sintomas depressivos no idoso em comparação ao instrumento específico para depressão.

Objective: : to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalized elderly using the Geriatric Depression Scale­15 and the nursing assessment of the older adult at admission. Method: this descriptive, cross-sectional study at a public teaching hospital used the Geriatric Depression Scale and an instrument listing depressive symptoms drawn from defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses. Results: the Geriatric Depression Scale returned a 47% prevalence of depressive symptoms in the hospitalized older adults, while the nursing assessment at admission found 25% prevalence. Conclusion: the nursing assessment detected a lower percentage of depressive symptoms in the older adults than the specific instrument for depression.

Objetivo: comparar la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión en el anciano hospitalizado, mediante uso de Escala de Depresión Geriátrica­15 y por medio de evaluación realizada por el enfermero en el momento de la admisión del anciano. Método: estudio descriptivo de abordaje transversal en hospital universitario. Se utilizó la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y un instrumento con lista de síntomas de depresión, extraídos de las características definidoras de diagnósticos de enfermería. Resultados: la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en ancianos hospitalizados fue del 47% según la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y del 25% según evaluación del enfermero durante la admisión del paciente. Conclusión: la evaluación realizada por el enfermero detectó bajo porcentaje de síntomas de depresión en ancianos en comparación con el instrumento específico para la depresión.

Psychiatric hospitalization of alcoholists from rural areas in a general hospital: expectations of families / Hospitalización psiquiátrica en un hospital general de alcoholistas del medio rural: expectativas de los familiares / Internação psiquiátrica no hospital geral de alcoolistas do meio rural: expectativas dos familiares

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the expectations of family members of alcoholics living in rural areas under treatment in a Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit. Method: qualitative research, through interviews with 15 relatives of alcoholics living in rural areas and hospitalized in a Psychiatric Unit. Information was interpreted in the light of Phenomenological Sociology. Results: two concrete categories emerged: Expectations that the family member quits using alcohol and Projects of family members for the alcoholic after discharge. Relatives expected the alcoholic to maintain abstinence and planned post-discharge care, which involved everything from welcoming them to projects with a prospect of control or even fear of not being able to care for the alcoholic. Final considerations: most participants have positive expectations regarding psychiatric hospitalization, but some relatives are not confident about caring for the alcoholic and mentioned alternatives such as hiring a caregiver or nursing homes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las expectativas de familiares de alcohólicos residentes en el medio rural con tratamiento en una Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica. Método: investigación cualitativa, mediante entrevista con 15 familiares de alcohólicos residentes en el medio rural hospitalizados en una Unidad Psiquiátrica. Las informaciones fueron interpretadas bajo la luz de la Sociología Fenomenológica. Resultados: dos categorías concretas han surgido: Expectativas de que el familiar deje de hacer uso de alcohol y Proyectos del familiar del alcohólico después del alta hospitalaria. Los familiares esperaban que el alcohólico mantuviera la abstinencia y planificara los cuidados después del alta, que envolvían desde la acogida en sus hogares hasta proyectos con perspectiva de control o de temor de no tener condiciones de cuidar del alcohólico. Consideraciones finales: la mayoría de los participantes tienen expectativas positivas con relación a la hospitalización psiquiátrica, pero hay familiares que no se sienten seguros en cuidar del alcohólico y mencionaron alternativas como buscar otro cuidador e, incluso, asilos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as expectativas de familiares de alcoolistas residentes no meio rural com tratamento em Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, mediante entrevista com 15 familiares de alcoolistas residentes no meio rural internados em uma Unidade Psiquiátrica. As informações foram interpretadas à luz da Sociologia Fenomenológica. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias concretas: Expectativas de que o familiar pare de fazer uso de álcool e Projetos do familiar do alcoolista após a alta hospitalar. Os familiares esperavam que o alcoolista mantivesse a abstinência e planejavam os cuidados após a alta, envolvendo desde o acolhimento em seus lares a projetos com perspectiva de controle ou de receio de não terem condições de cuidar do alcoolista. Considerações finais: a maioria dos participantes tem expectativas positivas em relação à internação psiquiátrica, mas há familiares que não se sentem seguros em cuidar do alcoolista e mencionaram alternativas como buscar outro cuidador e, até mesmo, asilos.

Validation of the size morphology site access score in endoscopic mucosal resection of large polyps in a district general hospital.

BACKGROUND: Polyp assessment is multimodal and is vital prior to endoscopic mucosal resection. The size, morphology, site and access (SMSA) score has been validated in specialist endoscopic institutions. this study investigated the ability of this score to predict incomplete endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps in a district general hospital. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection of large (≥ 20 mm) colorectal polyps at Worthing Hospital. Clinical, endoscopic and histological data were taken from prospective databases. The primary outcome of the study was to investigate the correlation of the SMSA score with incomplete endoscopic resection. RESULTS: Between February 2015 and August 2018, 114 patients underwent colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection. Of these, 67 (59%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of the study population was 72 years (65-78 years). Some 17 lesions (15%) were pedunculated, 76 (67%) were sessile and 21 were (18%) flat; 84 polyps (77%) were located in the left colon/rectum, with the remainder in the right colon; 51 lesions (45%) were 20-30 mm, 27 (24%) were 30-40 mm and 36 (31%) were greater than 40 mm in diameter. When reclassified into the SMSA score, 9 of the polyps (8%) were level 2, 64 (56%) were level 3 and 41 (36%) were level 4. Incomplete resection was clinically diagnosed in 9/114 (8%). The SMSA score was positively correlated with incomplete endoscopic resection, but not with additional procedure usage, complications or advanced histology. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients with large polyps can be managed outside of specialist units. This study has validated that the SMSA score was associated with incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection for large polyps in a district general hospital setting.

Análise da eficiência de hospitais regionais em um estado do Nordeste / Analysis of the efficiency of regional hospitals in a Northeastern Brazilian state

RESUMO O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foi criado com a finalidade de alterar a situação de desigualdade na assistência à saúde da população. O hospital, sendo uma instituição de elevada complexidade, surge como um dos mais importantes componentes desse sistema, principalmente por nele estar empregado grande investimento, assim, o SUS precisa enfatizar o seu controle de custos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de hospitais regionais das principais regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, à luz de indicadores hospitalares. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo de metodologia quantitativa, no qual foram selecionadas seis unidades hospitalares integrantes da rede estadual do estado brasileiro, sendo duas de cada porte, no ano de 2014. Todos os dados são secundários provenientes dos sistemas oficiais de informação e das secretarias de saúde. Os melhores desempenhos, diagnosticados a partir dos indicadores, foram encontrados nas unidades de grande porte, enquanto os de pequeno apresentaram baixa resolubilidade e eficiência. Considerando-se o papel das unidades de referência regionais, o qual é ofertar assistência médica de maior complexidade à população, observa-se que o excesso de hospitais regionais de pequeno porte, com baixa resolubilidade e eficiência, mais onera o estado do que propicia melhoria da qualidade de vida da população.

ABSTRACT The Unified Health System (SUS) was created with the purpose of changing the situation of inequality in the health care of the population. The hospital, being a highly complex institution, emerges as one of the most important components of such system, mainly because there is a large investment employed in it, thus, it needs to emphasize its control of costs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of regional hospitals in the main regions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the light of hospital indicators. This is an evaluative study of quantitative methodology, in which six hospital units were selected from the state network of the referred Brazilian state, two of each in the year 2014. All data are secondary from the official information systems and the health secretariats. The best performances, diagnosed from the indicators, were found in the large units, while the small ones presented low solubility and efficiency. Considering the role of regional reference units, which is to offer more complex medical care to the population, it is observed that the excess of small regional hospitals, with low resoluteness and efficiency, generate more expenses to the state than improvement on the quality of life of the population.

Cost of Dialysis Therapy by Modality in Manitoba.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of ESKD is increasing worldwide. Treating ESKD is disproportionately costly in comparison with its prevalence, mostly due to the direct cost of dialysis therapy. Here, we aim to provide a contemporary cost description of dialysis modalities, including facility-based hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and home hemodialysis, provided with conventional dialysis machines and the NxStage System One. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We constructed a cost-minimization model from the perspective of the Canadian single-payer health care system including all costs related to dialysis care. The labor component of costs consisted of a breakdown of activity-based per patient direct labor requirements. Other costs were taken from statements of operations for the kidney program at Seven Oaks General Hospital (Winnipeg, Canada). All costs are reported in Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Annual maintenance expenses were estimated as $64,214 for in-center facility hemodialysis, $43,816 for home hemodialysis with the NxStage System One, $39,236 for home hemodialysis with conventional dialysis machines, and $38,658 for peritoneal dialysis. Training costs for in-center facility hemodialysis, home hemodialysis with the NxStage System One, home hemodialysis with conventional dialysis machines, and peritoneal dialysis are estimated as $0, $16,143, $24,379, and $7157, respectively. The threshold point to achieve cost neutrality was determined to be 9.7 months from in-center hemodialysis to home hemodialysis with the NxStage System One, 12.6 months from in-center hemodialysis to home hemodialysis with conventional dialysis machines, and 3.2 months from in-center hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Home modalities have lower maintenance costs, and beyond a short time horizon, they are most cost efficient when considering their incremental training expenses. PODCAST: This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_07_18_CJASNPodcast_18_8_F.mp3.

Metabolic and Hypertensive Complications of Pregnancy in Women with Nephrolithiasis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kidney stones are associated with future development of hypertension, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to assess whether stone formation before pregnancy was associated with metabolic and hypertensive complications in pregnancy. We hypothesized that stone formation is a marker of metabolic disease and would be associated with higher risk for maternal complications in pregnancy. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered infants at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 2006 to 2015. Women with abdominal imaging (computed tomography or ultrasound) before pregnancy were included in the analysis. Pregnancy outcomes in women with documented kidney stones on imaging (stone formers, n=166) were compared with those of women without stones on imaging (controls, n=1264). Women with preexisting CKD, hypertension, and diabetes were excluded. RESULTS: Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia were more common in stone formers than nonstone formers (18% versus 6%, respectively; P<0.001 and 16% versus 8%, respectively; P=0.002). After multivariable adjustment, previous nephrolithiasis was associated with higher risks of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 5.3) and preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.6). Infants of stone formers were born earlier (38.7±2.0 versus 39.2±1.7 weeks, respectively; P=0.01); however, rates of small for gestational age offspring and neonatal intensive care admission were similar between groups (8% versus 7%, respectively; P=0.33 and 10% versus 6%, respectively; P=0.08). First trimester body mass index significantly influenced the association between stone disease and hypertensive complications of pregnancy: in a multivariable linear regression model, stone formation acted as an effect modifier of the relationship between maximum systolic BP in the third trimester and body mass index (P interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In women without preexisting diabetes, hypertension, and CKD, a history of nephrolithiasis was associated with gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially in women with high first trimester body mass index.

A experiência do comitê de bioética de um hospital público / The experience of the Bioethics Committee from a public hospital / La experiencia del Comité de Bioética de un hospital público

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e sistematizar a experiência do comitê de bioética do Hospital Geral de São Mateus, hospital público estadual de São Paulo. Foi adotada metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, com estratégia de estudo de caso. Duas técnicas de pesquisa foram utilizadas: análise documental e questionário com perguntas abertas aplicado aos participantes do comitê de bioética. Por meio da análise do material obtido foram constituídas quatro categorias: histórico e evolução do comitê; motivação para participar dele; casos marcantes ali discutidos; sugestões para aperfeiçoamento do comitê. Verificou-se que, além de discutir e deliberar, o comitê de bioética desenvolveu também papel educativo em relação aos profissionais e equipes envolvidos. Esse papel foi expandido para a instituição como um todo, por meio de simpósios com temas ligados à bioética. O estudo revela a importância de estimular a criação de instâncias desse tipo nas instituições de saúde do Brasil.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze and systematize the experience of the bioethics committee from the Hospital Geral de São Matheus (General Hospital of São Mateus), which is a public hospital in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We adopted the qualitative research method, with the case study strategy. Two research techniques were applied: record analysis and an open ended questionnaire answered by the bioethics committee participants. Four categories were established after analyzing the material: history and evolution of the bioethics committee; motivation to participate in the bioethics committee; memorable cases discussed by the committee; suggestions for the improvement of the bioethics committee. It was noted that besides discussing and deliberating, the bioethics committee also developed an educational role for the involved professionals and teams. This role was also expanded to the institution as a whole, by means of symposia with topics related to bioethics. This study reveals the importance of stimulating the creations of such forums in Brazilian healthcare institutions.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y sistematizar la experiencia del Comité de Bioética del Hospital Geral de São Matheus (Hospital General de San Mateo), hospital público del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se adoptó la metodología de investigación cualitativa, con la estrategia de estudio de caso. Se utilizaron dos técnicas de investigación: análisis de documentos y cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas aplicadas a los participantes del Comité de Bioética. A través del análisis del material obtenido se constituyeron cuatro categorías: historia y evolución del Comité; motivación para participar de éste; casos importantes discutidos en el Comité de Bioética; sugerencias para la mejora del mismo. Se encontró que, además de discutir y decidir, el Comité de Bioética también ha desempeñado un papel educativo en relación a los profesionales y a los equipos involucrados. Esta función también se amplió a la institución en su conjunto por medio de simposios sobre temas relacionados con la bioética. El estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia de estimular la creación de tales organismos en las instituciones de salud en Brasil.

[Validation of the Caprini risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism in Chinese hospitalized patients in a general hospital].

Objective: To assess the validity of Caprini risk assessment model in prediction of venous thromboembolism in Chinese hospitalized patients in a general hospital. Methods: Medical record review was performed in Beijing Shijitan Hosital for all eligible hospitalized patients who underwent screening for venous thromboembolism between January and December 2015. The Caprini score of patients with or without venous thromboemboilism and incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with various Caprini risk levels, surgery and medical patients was compared. Results: A total of 6 966 inpatients were enrolled. Three hundred and ninety-six patients developed venous thromboembolism. The Caprini median score of patients with venous thromboemboilism was 5 (3-7), which higher than 3(2-5) of patients without venous thromboembolism(Z=-13.68, P<0.01). Incidence of venous thromboembolism of patients in low, moderate, high, highest risk level was 1.0%, 1.8%, 5.7%, 10.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference of incidence between low and moderate risk patients (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 0.89-3.99, P>0.05), but significant difference between moderate and high risk (OR=3.23, 95%CI: 2.06-5.06, P<0.01), high and highest risk patients (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.59-2.45, P<0.01). There was no incidence difference of venous thromboembolism between surgery and medical patients in the same Caprini level of low (χ(2)=3.58 , P>0.05), moderate(χ(2)=2.89, P>0.05), high(χ(2)=0.46, P>0.05), highest risk(χ(2)=1.61, P>0.05). Conclusion: Caprini risk assessment model can effectively predict the occurence of venous thromboembolism in Chinese hospitalized patients with high risk of VTE(Caprini score >2)in a general hospital.