Control of Anisotropy and Magnetic Hyperthermia Effect by Addition of Cobalt on Magnetite Nanoparticles.

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) has emerged as a promising technology with diverse applications in medical and technological fields, leveraging the remote induction of temperature elevation through an alternating magnetic field. While Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average size around 12-25 nm are commonly employed in MH systems, this study introduces a strategy to produce smaller particles (less than or equal to 10 nm) with enhanced heating efficiency, as measured by specific power absorption (SPA). We conducted an exhaustive and detailed investigation into the morphological and magnetic properties of CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles, aiming to optimize their MH response. By varying the Co content, we successfully tuned the effective magnetic anisotropy while maintaining saturation magnetization nearly constant. The MH analysis indicates that these nanoparticles predominantly heat through the Néel mechanism, demonstrating robust reproducibility across different concentrations, viscosity mediums, and ac field conditions. Notably, we identified an optimal anisotropy or Co concentration that maximizes SPA, crucial for developing magnetic systems requiring particles with specific sizes. This work contributes to advancing the understanding and application of MH, particularly in tailoring nanoparticle properties for targeted and efficient heat generation in various contexts.

The Fluorescent Cell Line SW620-GFP Is a Valuable Model to Monitor Magnetic Hyperthermia.

In this work, the cell line SW620-GFP has been used in a complete magnetic hyperthermia assay, from the preparation of the ferrofluid with folate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles to in vivo experiments. The physical and chemical characterization of the nanoparticles evidenced their superparamagnetic behaviour, an average diameter of 12 ± 4 nm, a 2 nm coat thickness, and a high-power loss density. The main innovation of the work is the exclusive capability of viable SW620-GFP cells to emit fluorescence, enabling fast analysis of both, cell viability in vitro with an epifluorescence microscope and tumour size and shape in vivo in a non-invasive manner using the iBox technology. Moreover, with this imaging technique, it was possible to demonstrate the successful tumour size reduction in mice applying magnetic hyperthermia three times a week over 3 weeks.

Functional oil in the feeding of heat-stressed Japanese quail.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate a blend of functional oils (FO) composed of copaiba and garlic essential oils, pepper oleoresin and cashew nut liquid to mitigate the effects of heat stress on productivity, egg quality, organ morphology of the gastrointestinal tract, serum biochemical profile, nutrient metabolism and body temperature of Japanese quail. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme (without additive; 300 and 500 mg FO/kg of feed x birds raised in a thermal comfort (TC) and heat stress (HS) environment), with 6 replicates of 8 birds per plot. The birds under HS had lower feed intake (P = 0.0000), egg mass (P = 0.0000), laying rate (P = 0.0000) and higher percentage of infertile non-commercial eggs (P = 0.0004), lower head temperature amplitude (P = 0.0000) and higher average of body temperature (P = 0.0312). HS worsened the external and internal quality of the eggs. Birds kept in HS showed higher values of cholesterol (P = 0.0000) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (P = 0.0272). The use of 300 and 500 g FO/ton of feed improved the feed conversion (P = 0.0000) and egg mass (P = 0.0000) of the quail bred under HS, respectively, by 8.4 and 7.2% and increased the relative weight of liver (P = 0.0064) and pancreas (P = 0.0492). The use of such additives also provided a higher % of yolk (P = 0.0018) and reduced the percentage of albumen (P = 0.0029) of the eggs produced in TC, in addition to reducing the amplitude of head temperature (P = 0.0484) of birds bred under HS. The breeding of Japanese quail under HS results in negative impacts on the production, physiological and qualitative aspects of the eggs. The use of 300 g/ton of FO in the diet of Japanese quail leads to improvements in feed conversion, increased liver capacity in nutritional metabolism and results in eggs with a higher proportion of yolks, being, therefore, an alternative for feeding quail in a hot climate.

Use of Infrared Thermography and Heart Rate Variability to Evaluate Autonomic Activity in Domestic Animals.

Most of the responses present in animals when exposed to stressors are mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system, known as the one responsible for the "fight or flight" reaction, triggers cardiovascular changes such as tachycardia or vasomotor alterations to restore homeostasis. Increase in body temperature in stressed animals also activates peripheral compensatory mechanisms such as cutaneous vasodilation to increase heat exchange. Since changes in skin blood flow influence the amount of heat dissipation, infrared thermography is suggested as a tool that can detect said changes. The present review aims to analyze the application of infrared thermography as a method to assess stress-related autonomic activity, and their association with the cardiovascular and heart rate variability in domestic animals.

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Illness: 2024 Update.

The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) convened an expert panel in 2011 to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the recognition, prevention, and treatment of heat illness. The current panel retained 5 original members and welcomed 2 new members, all of whom collaborated remotely to provide an updated review of the classifications, pathophysiology, evidence-based guidelines for planning and preventive measures, and recommendations for field- and hospital-based therapeutic management of heat illness. These recommendations are graded based on the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality. This is an updated version of the WMS clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat illness published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 2019;30(4):S33-S46.

Breast Cancer Treatment Using the Magneto-Hyperthermia Technique Associated with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids' Supplementation and Physical Training.

Breast cancer (BC) presents a growing global concern, mainly for the female population of working age. Their pathophysiology shows challenges when attempting to ensure conventional treatment efficacy without adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magneto-hyperthermia (MHT) therapy associated with supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (w-3 PUFA) and engagement in physical training (PT) for the triple-negative BC (TNBC) model. First, we assessed the physicochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) in biological conditions, as well as their heating potential for MHT therapy. Then, a bioluminescence (BLI) evaluation of the best tumor growth conditions in the TNBC model (the quantity of implanted cells and time), as well as the efficacy of MHT therapy (5 consecutive days) associated with the previous administration of 8 weeks of w-3 PUFA and PT, was carried out. The results showed the good stability and potential of ION for MHT using 300 Gauss and 420 kHz. In the TNBC model, adequate tumor growth was observed after 14 days of 2 × 106 cells implantation by BLI. There was a delay in tumor growth in animals that received w-3 and PT and a significant decrease associated with MHT. This pioneering combination therapy approach (MHT, omega-3, and exercise) showed a positive effect on TNBC tumor reduction and demonstrated promise for pre-clinical and clinical studies in the future.

Effect of heat stress during the dry period on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein cows.

This study aimed to determine the influence of heat stress during the dry period on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein cows in a hot environment. Breeding and milk production records of cows, as well as meteorological data between 2017 and 2020 from a commercial dairy herd (n = 12,102 lactations), were used to determine the relationship between climatic conditions during the dry period (average of the temperature-humidity index (THI) at the beginning, middle, and end of the dry period) and reproductive efficiency and milk yield traits. THI was divided into < 70 (no heat stress), 70-80 (moderate heat stress), and > 80 (severe heat stress). First-service pregnancy rate of cows decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing hyperthermia during the dry period (9.5, 7.3, and 3.4% for THI < 70, 70-80, and > 80, respectively). All-service pregnancy rate was highest (P < 0.01) for cows not undergoing heat stress during the dry period (60.2%) and lowest (42.6%) for cows with severe heat stress during the dry period. Cows not experiencing heat stress during the dry period required a mean ± SD of 5.6 ± 3.8 services per pregnancy compared with 6.5 ± 3.6 (P < 0.01) for cows subjected to THI > 80 during the dry period. Cows not suffering heat stress during the dry period produced more (P < 0.01) 305-day milk (10,926 ± 1206 kg) than cows subjected to moderate (10,799 ± 1254 kg) or severe (10,691 ± 1297 kg) heat stress during the dry period. Total milk yield did not differ (P > 0.10) between cows not undergoing heat stress (13,337 ± 3346 kg) and cows subjected to severe heat stress during the dry period (13,911 ± 4018 kg). It was concluded that environmental management of dry cows during hot months is warranted to maximize reproductive performance and milk yield in the following lactation.

Risk Factors for Admission Hyperthermia and Associated Outcomes in Infants Born Preterm.

Maternal, placental, and neonatal factors were compared between infants born at ≤29 weeks of gestational age with admission hyperthermia (>37.5○C) and euthermia (36.5-37.5○C). Admission hyperthermia was associated with longer duration of face-mask positive-pressure ventilation and infant's temperature ≥37.5○C in the delivery room. Infants born preterm with admission hyperthermia had greater odds of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and neurodevelopmental impairment.

Thermal Balance in Male Water Buffaloes Transported by Long and Short Journeys.

Transport is a stressor that can cause physiological and metabolic imbalances in livestock, resulting in stress-induced hyperthermia. In water buffaloes, studies regarding the thermal state of animals during mobilization are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the thermal response of 1516 water buffaloes using infrared thermography (IRT) during 15 short trips (783 animals, 60,291 records, average duration = 50.33 min ± 5.48 min) and 14 long trips (733 animals, 56,441 records, average duration = 13.31 h ± 47.32 min). The surface temperature was assessed in 11 regions (periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, lower eyelid, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic) during seven phases from pasture to post-transport. It was found that the surface temperature of the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic regions was significantly higher during SJs (+3 °C) when compared to LJs (p < 0.0001). In particular, the frontal-parietal region had a significant increase of 10 °C during the post-transport phase (p < 0.0001) in both groups, recording the highest temperatures during this phase. Likewise, a strong positive significant correlation between the different regions was found (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001). It is worth mentioning that the herding, loading, pre-, and post-transport phases were the ones where the greatest thermal response was recorded, possibly due to the influence of human interaction. Finally, a strong positive correlation (r above 0.9, p > 0.001) between the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, pinna, and pelvic limb was found. According to the results, SJ could be considered a stressful event that hinders thermal generation, contrarily to LJ.

Oral Dantrolene Reduces Myalgia and Hyperckemia in a Child with RYR1-Related Exertional Myalgia/Rhabdomyolysis.

RYR1-related exertional myalgia/rhabdomyolysis (ERM) is an underrecognized condition, which can cause limiting muscle symptoms, and may account for more than one-third of undiagnosed rhabdomyolysis cases. Dantrolene has shown promising results in controlling muscle symptoms in individuals with ERM, however, its use in children remains poorly documented. This case report presents the successful treatment of a 5-year-old patient with ERM using oral dantrolene. The patient experienced notable improvements, including a reduction in the frequency and intensity of myalgia episodes, no hospitalizations due to rhabdomyolysis, a substantial decrease in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and enhanced performance on the 6-minute walk test. The use of dantrolene was well-tolerated, and no significant adverse effects were observed. This report adds to the existing evidence supporting the effectiveness of oral dantrolene in managing ERM, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of dantrolene in a pediatric patient for controlling anesthesia-independent muscle symptoms.

Heat Tolerance of Siberian Husky Dogs Living in Brazil: A Case Study on the Perceptions and Attitudes of Their Owners.

The management of the thermal environment to which dogs are exposed should be included in strategies to improve their welfare. An online questionnaire was administered to 624 owners of Siberian Husky dogs residing in Brazil, with the objective of assessing their perceptions regarding their dogs' capacity to adapt to heat, and its association with the owners' routine care. Owners who believed that dogs are low-heat-tolerant animals were more likely to report heat response behaviors from their dogs. Overall, owners reported walk with their dogs during early morning, late afternoon and nighttime. They also reported solar radiation as the primary criteria for determining the time to walk with their dogs. However, owners who reported walking with their dogs at noon mentioned time availability as their primary criteria. In conclusion, owners perceive Siberian Husky dogs living in Brazil as being poorly adapted to heat, and this perception appeared to influence their positive attitudes towards protecting their dogs from heat stress by choosing to walk them during times with less solar exposure. However, the lack of time for owners to walk with their dogs during cooler periods can still be a risk factor in exposing the animals to extreme hot conditions.

Hipertermia maligna en paciente sometida a mastectomía radical tipo Madden / Malignant hyperthermia in a patient undergoing Madden type radical mastectomy

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es dar a conocer el manejo anestésico que se proporcionó ante un evento crítico hipertermia maligna (HM) en una mastectomía radical Madden programada de manera electiva, la cual fue manejada con lo que se contaba en ese momento por no tener el fármaco específico (dantroleno) para este tipo de evento HM. El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad compleja, es la primera causa de muerte en la mujer a nivel mundial, ocurre en 70% en países desarrollados. México se encuentra en un nivel intermedio, representa un problema de salud con tendencia a la alta debido al envejecimiento de la población y a mayor prevalencia en factores de riesgo. La HM es un trastorno farmacogenético desencadenado por anestésicos que liberan una masiva acumulación de calcio en el sarcoplasma, que conduce a un metabolismo acelerado y a un incremento en la actividad contráctil del musculoesquelético, llevando a un estado hipermetabólico que genera un incremento en la temperatura corporal llegando a tener secuelas importantes y una alta mortalidad. Se trató de paciente femenino 40 años sin antecedentes relevantes para procedimientos anestésicos, se aplicó anestesia general balanceada, a los 60 minutos presentó datos clínicos que nos sugerían hipertermia maligna, fue manejada con los medios disponibles y se obtuvo un resultado favorable desde el punto de vista de morbimortalidad.

Abstract: The objective of the present is to present the anesthetic management that occurred before a critical event malignant hyperthermia HM) in an electively scheduled Madden radical mastectomy and which was managed with what was available at that time for not having the drug specific (dantrolene) for this type of event HM. Breast cancer is a complex disease, being the leading cause of death in women worldwide, with 70% occurring in developed countries. Mexico is at an intermediate level, being a health problem with a tendency to rise due to the aging of the population. population and higher prevalence of risk factors. Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an anesthetic-triggered pharmacogenetic disorder that triggers a massive accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm, leading to accelerated metabolism and increased skeletal muscle contractile activity. Leading to a hypermetabolic state showing an increase in body temperature, leading to significant sequelae and high mortality. It was a 40-year-old female with no relevant history for anesthetic procedures, being managed with balanced general anesthesia at 60 minutes present data clinicians that they suggested malignant hyperthermia, being managed. With the available means, obtaining a favorable result from the point of view of morbidity and mortality.

[Experience of cytoreduction with peritonectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer]. / Experiencia de la citorreducción con peritonectomía y quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica en cáncer de ovario.

Background: Currently, epithelial ovarian cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages (EC IIIC) in 75-80% of cases worldwide. In this group of patients treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is started, followed by interval cytoreduction of residual disease and even require peritonectomy with application of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Objective: To identify the overall survival and progression-free survival associated with peritonectomy, in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to ovarian cancer treated in the oncology gynecology service from January 2009 to January 2019 at the UMAE Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, information was obtained from the clinical file of patients treated with peritonectomy with the use of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the gynecological oncology service from January 2009 to January 2019 at the UMAE Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Results: Information was obtained from a total of 36 patients (n=100%), 36.1% received intraperitoneal chemotherapy and 63.8% underwent cytoreduction without the application of intraoperative chemotherapy. The most frequently used drug was cisplatin followed by mitomycin. There was no statistical significance when comparing both groups, however there was a trend in favor of the use of intraoperative chemotherapy by obtaining a greater number of months in terms of overall survival. Conclusion: Peritonectomy with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is an option in selected patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer in primary and recurrent surgery, as well as in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Introducción: en la actualidad, el cáncer de ovario epitelial se diagnostica en etapas avanzadas (EC IIIC) en 75-80% de los casos a nivel mundial. En este grupo de pacientes se inicia el tratamiento con quimioterapia neoadyuvante, seguida de citorreducción de intervalo de la enfermedad residual e incluso requieren de peritonectomía con aplicación de quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC). Objetivo: identificar la sobrevida global y sobrevida libre de progresión asociada a la realización de peritonectomía, en pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal secundario a cáncer de ovario tratadas en el servicio de Ginecología Oncológica de enero de 2009 a enero de 2019 en el Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN SXXI). Material y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, se obtuvo información del expediente clínico de pacientes tratados con peritonectomía con uso de quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica en el servicio de Ginecología Oncológica de enero de 2009 a enero de 2019 en el Hospital de Oncología CMN SXXI. Resultados: se obtuvo información de un total de 36 pacientes (n = 100%), el 36.1% recibió quimioterapia intraperitoneal y al 63.8% se les realizó citorreducción sin la aplicación de quimioterapia intraoperatoria. El fármaco utilizado con mayor frecuencia fue el cisplatino seguido por mitomicina. No hubo significancia estadística al comparar ambos grupos, sin embargo hubo una tendencia a favor del uso de quimioterapia intraoperatoria al obtener un mayor número de meses en cuanto a sobrevida global. Conclusión: la peritonectomía con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica es una opción en pacientes seleccionados de cáncer de ovario en etapa avanzada en cirugía primaria y recurrente, así mismo en paciente con cáncer de ovario platino-resistentes.

Core body temperatures of rats subjected to treadmill exercise to fatigue or exhaustion: The journal Temperature toolbox.

This study systematically reviewed the literature reporting the changes in rats' core body temperature (TCORE) induced by either incremental- or constant-speed running to fatigue or exhaustion. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the factors contributing to the TCORE values attained when exercise was interrupted. Four databases (EMBASE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched in October 2021, and this search was updated in August 2022. Seventy-two studies (n = 1,538 rats) were included in the systematic review. These studies described heterogeneous experimental conditions; for example, the ambient temperature ranged from 5 to 40°C. The rats quit exercising with TCORE values varying more than 8°C among studies, with the lowest and highest values corresponding to 34.9°C and 43.4°C, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the ambient temperature (p < 0.001), initial TCORE (p < 0.001), distance traveled (p < 0.001; only incremental exercises), and running speed and duration (p < 0.001; only constant exercises) contributed significantly to explaining the variance in the TCORE at the end of the exercise. In conclusion, rats subjected to treadmill running exhibit heterogeneous TCORE when fatigued or exhausted. Moreover, it is not possible to determine a narrow range of TCORE associated with exercise cessation in hyperthermic rats. Ambient temperature, initial TCORE, and physical performance-related variables are the best predictors of TCORE at fatigue or exhaustion. From a broader perspective, this systematic review provides relevant information for selecting appropriate methods in future studies designed to investigate exercise thermoregulation in rats.

Rhabdomyosarcoma Associated with Core Myopathy/Malignant Hyperthermia: Combined Effect of Germline Variants in RYR1 and ASPSCR1 May Play a Role.

Rhabdomyosarcomas have been described in association with thyroid disease, dermatomyositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in muscular dystrophy models but not in patients with ryanodine receptor-1 gene (RYR1) pathogenic variants. We described here an 18-year-old male who reported a cervical nodule. Magnetic resonance images revealed a mass in the ethmoidal sinus corresponding to rhabdomyosarcoma. As his father died from malignant hyperthermia (MH), an in vitro contracture test was conducted and was positive for MH susceptibility. Muscle histopathological analysis in the biopsy showed the presence of cores. Molecular analysis using NGS sequencing identified germline variants in the RYR1 and ASPSCR1 (alveolar soft part sarcoma) genes. This report expands the spectrum of diseases associated with rhabdomyosarcomas and a possible differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in patients with RYR1 variants.

TRPV1 inactivation alters core body temperature and serum corticosterone levels: Impacts on clock genes expression in the liver and adrenal glands.

PURPOSE: TRPV1 desensitization or blockade promotes hyperthermia in rodents. Daily changes in core body temperature (Tc), spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), and glucocorticoids are temporal cues for peripheral clocks. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of both desensitization and blockade of TRPV1 on Tc, SLA, blood corticosterone, and the clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in the liver and adrenal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Resiniferatoxin (RTX, 20 µg kg-1) known to desensitize the intra-abdominal TRPV1 channels was i. p. administered in adult male rats. One day after, RTX rats displayed higher Tc than vehicle rats (control) in the light and dark phases. RTX rats showed higher corticosterone at zeitgeber time (ZT) 6 and ZT12 compared to ZT0. Control rats showed a rise in corticosterone at ZT12. RTX abolished the Per1 peak in both the liver and adrenal glands, whereas it enhanced the peak of Bmal1 expression in the liver and decreased it in adrenal glands. Circadian variation in Tc and SLA was unaffected despite higher Tc being found along the light phase up to 5 days after RTX injection. Acute blockade of TRPV1 with the antagonist AMG-517 injected at ZT0 increased Tc and reduced corticosterone without affecting SLA. In the liver, while AMG-517 did not affect Per1, it increased Bmal1 mRNA. In adrenal glands, AMG-517 increased Per1 and did not affect Bmal1 expression. Although rats exposed to a 60-min 34 °C environment showed similar hyperthermia to that observed in AMG-517 rats, neither corticosterone nor liver nor adrenal clock genes changed. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivation of TRPV1 by abdominal desensitization or by antagonism alters the time-of-day changes of clock genes expression in the liver and adrenal, as well as corticosterone. TRPV1 may be necessary for signaling cyclical temporal cues for clock genes in the periphery but less critical for the circadian profile of Tc and SLA.

La terapia electroconvulsiva en el síndrome neuroléptico maligno / Electroconvulsive therapy in neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Resumen: Uno de los efectos adversos más importantes de los neurolépticos es la posibilidad de desencadenar el síndrome neuroléptico maligno (NMS). El diagnóstico se determina por exclusión y el manejo terapéutico inicial será retirado por neurolépticos por la administración de benzodiacepinas y, en casos extremos, el uso de la terapia electroconvulsiva (ECT). La ECT es una opción terapéutica eficaz en estos pacientes y en esos casos se obtiene una mala respuesta a la administración con fármacos antipsicóticos. Basándonos en el caso del artículo «Rocuronium-sugammadex for electroconvulsive therapy management in neuroleptic malignant síndrome. A case report¼ donde se describe el manejo exitoso del uso de relajantes no despolarizantes y su reversor específico en terapias electroconvulsivas en pacientes diagnosticados de síndrome neuroléptico maligno, comentamos la fisiopatología e implicaciones anestésicas además de similitudes con otras entidades hipertérmicas, como es la hipertermia maligna.

Abstract: One of the most important adverse effects of neuroleptics is the possibility of triggering neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The diagnosis is determined by exclusion and the initial therapeutic management will be withdrawn by neuroleptics by the administration of benzodiazepines and, in extreme cases, the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is an effective therapeutic option in these patients and in these cases a poor response to administration with antipsychotic drugs is obtained. Based on the case of the article «Rocuronium-sugammadex for the management of electroconvulsive therapy in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A case report¼ where the successful management of the use of non-depolarizing relaxants and their specific reversal in electroconvulsive therapies in patients diagnosed with of malignant neuroleptic syndrome, we comment on the pathophysiology and anesthetic images as well as similarities with other hyperthermic entities, such as malignant hyperthermia.

Recommendations for the optimal management of peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a TTD and GECOP-SEOQ expert consensus statement.

Peritoneal metastases (PM) occur when cancer cells spread inside the abdominal cavity and entail an advanced stage of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prognosis, which is poor, correlates highly with tumour burden, as measured by the peritoneal cancer index (PCI). Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in specialized centres should be offered especially to patients with a low to moderate PCI when complete resection is expected. The presence of resectable metastatic disease in other organs is not a contraindication in well-selected patients. Although several retrospective and small prospective studies have suggested a survival benefit of adding hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to CRS, the recently published phase III studies PRODIGE-7 in CRC patients with PM, and COLOPEC and PROPHYLOCHIP in resected CRC with high-risk of PM, failed to show any survival advantage of this strategy using oxaliplatin in a 30-min perfusion. Final results from ongoing randomized phase III trials testing CRS plus HIPEC based on mitomycin C (MMC) are awaited with interest. In this article, a group of experts selected by the Spanish Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD) and the Spanish Group of Peritoneal Oncologic Surgery (GECOP), which is part of the Spanish Society of Surgical Oncology (SEOQ), reviewed the role of HIPEC plus CRS in CRC patients with PM. As a result, a series of recommendations to optimize the management of these patients is proposed.

A 3D Approach Using a Control Algorithm to Minimize the Effects on the Healthy Tissue in the Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is a worldwide health problem. Its high mortality rate motivates scientists to study new treatments. One of these new treatments is hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles. This treatment consists in submitting the target region with a low-frequency magnetic field to increase its temperature over 43 °C, as the threshold for tissue damage and leading the cells to necrosis. This paper uses an in silico three-dimensional Pennes' model described by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) to estimate the percentage of tissue damage due to hyperthermia. Differential evolution, an optimization method, suggests the best locations to inject the nanoparticles to maximize tumor cell death and minimize damage to healthy tissue. Three different scenarios were performed to evaluate the suggestions obtained by the optimization method. The results indicate the positive impact of the proposed technique: a reduction in the percentage of healthy tissue damage and the complete damage of the tumors were observed. In the best scenario, the optimization method was responsible for decreasing the healthy tissue damage by 59% when the nanoparticles injection sites were located in the non-intuitive points indicated by the optimization method. The numerical solution of the PDEs is computationally expensive. This work also describes the implemented parallel strategy based on CUDA to reduce the computational costs involved in the PDEs resolution. Compared to the sequential version executed on the CPU, the proposed parallel implementation was able to speed the execution time up to 84.4 times.

Evaluation of two polyethylene bags in preventing admission hypothermia in preterm infants: a quasi-randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two polyethylene bags in preventing admission hypothermia in preterm infants born at <34 weeks gestation. METHOD: Quasi-randomized unblinded clinical trial conducted at a level III neonatal unit between June 2018 to September 2019. The authors assign infants between 240/7 and 336/7 weeks' gestation to receive NeoHelp™ bag (intervention group) or a usual plastic bag (control group). The primary outcome was admission hypothermia, considering an axillary temperature at admission to the neonatal unit of <36.0 °C. Hyperthermia was considered if the admission temperature reached 37.5 °C or more. RESULTS: The authors evaluated 171 preterm infants (76, intervention group; 95, control group). The rate of admission hypothermia was significantly lower in the intervention group (2.6% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.007), with an 86% reduction in the admission hypothermia rate (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.64), particularly for infants weighing >1000 g and >28 weeks gestation. The intervention group also had a higher median of temperature at admission - 36.8 °C (interquartile range 36.5-37.1) vs. 36.5 °C (interquartile range 36.1-36.9 °C), p = 0.001, and showed a higher hyperthermia rate (9.2% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.023). Birth weight was also associated to the outcome, and it represented a 30% chance reduction for every 100-g increase (OR, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999). The in-hospital mortality rate was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The intervention polyethylene bag was more effective in preventing admission hypothermia. Nonetheless, the risk of hyperthermia is a concern during its use.