ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Fomentar o debate acerca da ordenação do plano de vacinação nacional, considerando os aspectos organizacionais entre união, estados e municípios. Métodos: Revisão de literatura, tendo como base os periódicos Cientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), usando como descritores: Pandemia, Vacina e Plano de Imunização. Com essa busca foram encontradas, inicialmente, 48 publicações. Após a realização da análise, foram incluídos 11 artigos científicos na revisão. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica. Resultados: Foram levantadas duas categorias: estratégias de combate a pandemia do covid-19 no Brasil, e a manipulação da sociedade civil e a desordem da cobertura vacinal. Conclusão: as reflexões aqui apresentadas podem contribuir para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam uma postura reflexiva frente a demanda vacinal, processo de planejamento e percepções da sociedade civil, podendo desencadear uma melhora na preparação para a educação em saúde. (AU)
Objective: To encourage the debate about the ordering of the national vaccination plan, considering the organizational aspects between the union, states and municipalities. Methods: Literature review, based on scientific journals Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using as descriptors: Pandemia, Vaccine and Immunization Plan. With this search, 48 publications were initially found. After the analysis, 11 scientific articles were included in the review. The texts were subjected to semantic content analysis. Results: Two categories were raised: strategies to combat the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, and the manipulation of civil society and the disorder of vaccination coverage. Conclusion: The reflections presented here can contribute for nursing professionals to develop a reflexive posture in face of the vaccine demand, planning process and civil society perceptions, which can trigger an improvement in the preparation for health education. (AU)
Objetivo: Fomentar el debate sobre la ordenación del plan nacional de vacunación, considerando los aspectos organizativos entre sindicato, estados y municipios. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura, con base en revistas científicas Biblioteca Electrónica en Línea (SCIELO), Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores: Pandemia, Vacuna y Plan de Inmunización. Con esta búsqueda se encontraron inicialmente 48 publicaciones. Después del análisis, se incluyeron 11 artículos científicos en la revisión. Los textos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido semántico. Resultados: Se plantearon dos categorías: estrategias para combatir la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil y la manipulación de la sociedad civil y el desorden de la cobertura de vacunación. Conclusión: Las reflexiones aquí presentadas pueden contribuir para que los profesionales de enfermería desarrollen una postura reflexiva ante la demanda de vacunas, el proceso de planificación y las percepciones de la sociedad civil, lo que puede desencadenar una mejora en la preparación para la educación en salud. (AU)
Subject(s)
Pandemics , Vaccines , Immunization ProgramsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is currently licensed in over 30 countries for the prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) in adults aged ≥50 years. We conducted a review of available national guidelines or recommendations on RZV use to identify the similarities and differences and highlight any potential gaps. AREAS COVERED: National recommendations from ten countries (Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA) are summarized under the following seven topics: HZ vaccine preference, age group recommendations, considerations prior to vaccination, dose schedule, co-administration with other vaccines, vaccination of special populations, and vaccine safety profile. In seven of these countries, RZV is the preferred or the only recommended HZ vaccine. There were some differences in age group recommendations, reflecting evaluations dependent on public funding. There were also differences with respect to use in immunocompromised and other special populations. EXPERT OPINION: The high efficacy and anticipated public health impact of RZV led to expanded national recommendations for RZV vaccination compared to previous HZ recommendation in many countries. Possible areas that could be considered in future revisions of national recommendations, including use in immunocompromised adults ≥18 years, are also highlighted.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThe varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox, usually in childhood. After the chickenpox episode, the virus remains in the body in a latent state and can reactivate later in life, causing herpes zoster, or shingles. Adults over 50 years of age or those who have a weakened immune system are more vulnerable to developing herpes zoster. Herpes zoster appears as a painful localized skin rash. While live attenuated vaccines against herpes zoster have existed for many years, a recombinant vaccine against herpes zoster (RZV) has recently become available in several countries. Guidelines issued by national health authorities or vaccination committees provide healthcare professionals with information on practical aspects of vaccination. However, given the novelty of the RZV vaccine, we identified such guidelines in only ten countries (Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America). We summarized these national RZV recommendations, focusing on herpes zoster vaccine preference, the age at which RZV is recommended, considerations before vaccination, vaccination schedule, the possibility of administering RZV together with other vaccines, vaccinating vulnerable populations and the safety of RZV. While national recommendations varied, most guidelines indicate that RZV is the preferred herpes zoster vaccine due to its high and persistent efficacy and as it can be administered to vulnerable populations who are at increased risk of herpes zoster and its complications. Recommendations have noted that side effects are common with RZV, however, most are of mild-moderate intensity and temporary (see also Figure 1).
Subject(s)
Herpes Zoster Vaccine , Herpes Zoster , Adult , Herpes Zoster/epidemiology , Herpes Zoster/prevention & control , Herpes Zoster Vaccine/adverse effects , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Humans , Middle Aged , Vaccination , Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In Germany, vaccinations, like the entire health sector, are organized at the federal level. A common strategy is necessary for the implementation of national immunization goals, e.â¯g., for the elimination of measles and rubella, as intended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Current and reliable data concerning the vaccination status of the population on one hand and regional differences on the other hand are prerequisites for the identification of specified fields of action.In this paper, the strengths and challenges of the national immunization program in Germany are described, establishing the current status of the elimination of measles and rubella as a reference. Important criteria for the fulfilment of this goal, e.â¯g., the achievement and maintenance of a vaccination coverage of 95% with two doses of vaccines against these two diseases, were again not met in 2018. Therefore, national initiatives will contribute to closing the immunity gaps, such as: the National Immunization Conference as a platform for the continuous communication between the main players and for the development of new ideas and suggestions, the national immunization plan and the 2015-2020 national action plan for the elimination of measles and rubella, which contains the goals and the required activities, and the national immunization steering group for prioritization of the agenda items and recommendations for the measures required for their realization as well as coordination of the national activities.The first results described in this paper suggest that the taken course is promising, but further efforts by all players are urgently needed.
Subject(s)
Immunization Programs , Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage , Measles/prevention & control , Rubella/prevention & control , Vaccination , Germany , Humans , Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Chile cuenta desde 1978 con un programa ampliado de inmunizaciones. Su población objetivo son todos los recién nacidos y niños del país, además de los adultos mayores en el año 65 de vida. Si se revisan los datos disponibles en el sistema de monitoreo de vacunas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en 2011 todas las vacunas estaban con una cobertura por debajo del 95 por ciento. Con la excepción de la vacuna BCG, las vacunas se colocan primordialmente en el nivel primario de atención. Una forma de vislumbrar las prioridades en una organización es detectar cuán presente está en los instrumentos de gestión que la ordenan. En esta lógica, una aproximación para conocer la prioridad que tiene el Plan Nacional de Inmunización es averiguar cuán presente está en la planificación del sector. Al revisar los documentos más recientes del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, destaca el documento Estrategia Nacional de Salud, para el cumplimiento de los Objetivos Sanitarios de la Década 2011-2020. Al analizar el documento, se observa que como resultado esperado no está considerado el PNI como un todo, sino que sólo algunas de sus vacunas.
Since 1978, Chile has an expanded immunization program. Target population is all infants and children in the country, along with the elderly at age 65. If we review available World Health Organization data on the immunization monitoring system, in 2011 all vaccines had below 95 percent coverage. With the exception of BCG, vaccines are primarily applied in the primary care setting. One way to understand organizational priorities is to identify how present they are in the management systems. Thus, it is possible to determine the priority of the National Immunization Plan in Chile by looking into sectoral planning. A review of the most recent policy documents of the Ministry of Health of Chile, one titled National Health Strategy to Achieve the Health Objectives of the 2011-2020 Decade" stands out. Upon reviewing this policy paper, the National Immunization Plan is not considered as an outcome as a whole, but only some of the vaccines it includes.
