ABSTRACT
Introducción: La solidaridad médica cubana llega a Timor-Leste cuando no habían transcurrido dos años de su independencia, con una infraestructura de salud muy dañada y prácticamente sin médicos disponibles para garantizar los servicios básicos de salud. Objetivo: Analizar el aporte de la solidaridad médica cubana en la mejora del estado de salud de la población de Timor-Leste en el periodo 2004-2019. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, que se apoyó en el estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo y se aplicó el método etnográfico. El periodo de estudio abarcó 15 años, desde 2004 hasta 2019. Conclusiones: La solidaridad médica cubana en la salud de Timor-Leste, durante estos 15 años, ha contribuido a modificar el cuadro sanitario que tenía ese país cuando logró su independencia en el año 2002, convirtiéndose en uno de los países con mejores indicadores en la Región de Oceanía. La asistencia médica y la formación de estudiantes en Cuba y en el propio Timor-Leste son elementos decisivos de la cooperación de Cuba en la trasformación y fortalecimiento del sistema sanitario timorense, factores esenciales para alcanzar la cobertura universal de salud(AU)
Introduction: Cuban medical solidarity arrives in Timor-Leste two years after its independence, with a badly damaged health infrastructure and practically no doctors available to guarantee basic health services. Objective: Analyze the contribution of Cuban medical solidarity in improving the health status of Timor-Leste´s population in the period 2004-2019. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out, which was based on the descriptive and retrospective study and the ethnographic method was applied. The study period spanned 15 years, from 2004 to 2019. Conclusions: Cuban medical solidarity in Timor-Leste, during these 15 years, has contributed to modify the health picture that the country had when it achieved its independence in 2002, becoming one of the countries with the best indicators in the Oceania Region. Medical assistance and the training of students in Cuba and in Timor-Leste itself are decisive elements of Cuba's cooperation in the transformation and strengthening of the Timorese health system, which are essential factors in achieving universal health coverage(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Systems , Workforce , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Solidarity , International Cooperation , Medical Missions , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se evaluó la calidad del tratamiento aplicado a 32 embarazadas con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes al Distrito de Salud 4 Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Santiago de Cuba. El estudio, efectuado desde octubre de 2009 hasta mayo de 2010, incluyó a dichas gestantes y 93 médicos de familia de la localidad. La evaluación, que contempló proceso (calidad cientificotécnica) y resultado (satisfacción), se basó en el análisis retrospectivo de las historias obstétricas, el examen de conocimiento y la información obtenida a través de las encuestas. Se concluyó, entre otros aspectos, que tanto los profesionales en cuestión como las gestantes se mostraron insatisfechos en sentido general, de donde se derivó que tampoco la terapéutica fue adecuada al comparar los indicadores de cada criterio con los estándares prefijados(AU)
The quality of the treatment applied to 32 pregnant women with hypertension, belonging to Abel SantamarÃa Cuadrado Health District 4 in Santiago de Cuba was evaluated. The study carried out from October 2009 to May 2010 included these pregnant women and 93 family physicians of the locality. The evaluation, which looked at process (scientific and technical quality) and result (satisfaction), was based on retrospective analysis of the obstetric records, examination of knowledge and information obtained through surveys. It was concluded, among other issues, that both the professionals and pregnant women were generally dissatisfied, therefore the therapy was inappropriate when comparing the indicators of each criterion with the preset standards(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced , Hypertension/therapy , Health Status Indicators , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Se evaluó la calidad del tratamiento aplicado a 32 embarazadas con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes al Distrito de Salud 4 Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Santiago de Cuba. El estudio, efectuado desde octubre de 2009 hasta mayo de 2010, incluyó a dichas gestantes y 93 médicos de familia de la localidad. La evaluación, que contempló proceso (calidad cientificotécnica) y resultado (satisfacción), se basó en el análisis retrospectivo de las historias obstétricas, el examen de conocimiento y la información obtenida a través de las encuestas. Se concluyó, entre otros aspectos, que tanto los profesionales en cuestión como las gestantes se mostraron insatisfechos en sentido general, de donde se derivó que tampoco la terapéutica fue adecuada al comparar los indicadores de cada criterio con los estándares prefijados.
The quality of the treatment applied to 32 pregnant women with hypertension, belonging to Abel SantamarÃa Cuadrado Health District 4 in Santiago de Cuba was evaluated. The study carried out from October 2009 to May 2010 included these pregnant women and 93 family physicians of the locality. The evaluation, which looked at process (scientific and technical quality) and result (satisfaction), was based on retrospective analysis of the obstetric records, examination of knowledge and information obtained through surveys. It was concluded, among other issues, that both the professionals and pregnant women were generally dissatisfied, therefore the therapy was inappropriate when comparing the indicators of each criterion with the preset standards.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Health Status Indicators , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced , Hypertension/therapy , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Los sistemas de gestión de la calidad se han ido incorporando progresivamente al contexto sanitario, con los centros de hemodiálisis como pioneros en esta esfera por la necesidad de optimizar los procesos que la integran, mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y garantizar una mayor supervivencia; todo lo cual ha motivado la reciente actualización de las herramientas para el control y la gestión de la calidad, impulsada por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, mediante el seguimiento de indicadores que estimulen a las unidades de diálisis a incorporarlas en su práctica, definir los diferentes procesos asistenciales y las formas de medir su validez, así como elaborar guías que sirvan como punto de referencia para futuras áreas de perfeccionamiento, monitorizadas convenientemente(AU)
Systems of quality management have been progressively added to health context along with hemodialysis centers, the pioneers in this field, due to the need to optimize the processes that comprise it, to improve the life quality of patients, and to guarantee a major survival. All this has motivated the current updating of the different resources in order to carry out the control and quality management developed by Cuban Ministry of Public Health, through the follow-up of indicators that stimulate dialysis units to include them in its practice, to define the different welfare processes and the ways to measure its validity, as well as to elaborate guides that serve as a reference point for further improvement areas which are conveniently monitored(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Total Quality Management , Quality of Health Care , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
Los sistemas de gestión de la calidad se han ido incorporando progresivamente al contexto sanitario, con los centros de hemodiálisis como pioneros en esta esfera por la necesidad de optimizar los procesos que la integran, mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y garantizar una mayor supervivencia; todo lo cual ha motivado la reciente actualización de las herramientas para el control y la gestión de la calidad, impulsada por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, mediante el seguimiento de indicadores que estimulen a las unidades de diálisis a incorporarlas en su práctica, definir los diferentes procesos asistenciales y las formas de medir su validez, así como elaborar guías que sirvan como punto de referencia para futuras áreas de perfeccionamiento, monitorizadas convenientemente.
Systems of quality management have been progressively added to health context along with hemodialysis centers, the pioneers in this field, due to the need to optimize the processes that comprise it, to improve the life quality of patients, and to guarantee a major survival. All this has motivated the current updating of the different resources in order to carry out the control and quality management developed by Cuban Ministry of Public Health, through the follow-up of indicators that stimulate dialysis units to include them in its practice, to define the different welfare processes and the ways to measure its validity, as well as to elaborate guides that serve as a reference point for further improvement areas which are conveniently monitored.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Total Quality Management , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
O Brasil possui em sua área costeira grandes metrópoles onde diversas atividades humanas são desenvolvidas, podendo trazer prejuízos à qualidade das águas costeiras. O litoral de São Paulo, constituído por 16 municípios incluindo-se Cubatão, apresenta peculiaridades diferenciadas. O tipo de poluição mais encontrado na costa paulista é a poluição fecal causada por despejo de esgotos domésticos, os quais transportam organismos patogênicos cuja presença pode levar a agravos à saúde humana. O objetivo deste estudo é o de avaliar a qualidade sanitária de águas e areias de praias da Baixada Santista. Assim amostras de água e areia (úmida e seca) de três praias, como Gonzaguinha (São Vicente), Boqueirão (Santos) e Pitangueiras (Guarujá) foram coletadas com frequência mensal pelo período de um ano nas quais foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, enterococos, e ainda Staphylococcus coagulase (+), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e dermatófitos. Para a realização das análises em amostras de água utilizou-se da Técnica da Membrana Filtrante e para as amostras de areia a Técnica de Tubos Múltiplos, de acordo com Normas Técnicas CETESB e Standard Methods. Para a determinação de dermatófitos, as amostras de água foram concentradas pela Técnica de Membrana Filtrante e as amostras de areia (seca e úmida) foram analisadas pela Técnica de inoculação em superfície e, concomitantemente, pela Técnica da Isca de Cabelo. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que 95 por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas para a presença dos indicadores de contaminação fecal, seguidos por P. aeruginosa, presente em 75 por cento das amostras. C. albicans foi o microrganismo menos frequente (6,7 por cento) e foi detectada somente nas amostras de água. O dermatófito Microsporum sp foi detectado somente nas amostras de areia e esteve presente nas três praias...
Brazilian seashore comprises many big cities and the diverse activities which are performed in these areas can bring damages to seashore water quality. São Paulo State seashore comprises 16 cities including Cubatão, where each one shows their own particularities. In the São Paulo State seashore is mostly observed fecal pollution due to launching sewage into these waters which transport pathogens with potential to cause diseases. The objective of this study is to assess the sanitary quality of recreational waters and wet and dry sand from three beaches located at Baixada Santista such as Gonzaguinha (São Vicente), Boqueirão (Santos) and Pitangueiras (Guarujá). The samples (water, wet and dry sand) were collected with monthly frequency throughout a year and the following parameters were analyzed: thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococos, Staphylococcus coagulase +, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and dermatophytes. The bacteriological and C. albicans analyzes were performed according to CETESB and Standard Methods 21st edition. Dermatophyte analysis from water samples were carried out by membrane filtering technique and by spread plate technique and hair-baiting technique for sand samples. The results revealed that 95 per cent of the water samples were positive for fecal indicators following by P. aeruginosa (75 per cent). C. albicans was detected only in water samples showing 6.7 per cent of the observed frequency. Microsporum sp specie was detected only in sand samples in all beaches studied...
Subject(s)
Seawater/analysis , Bathing Beaches , Beach Pollution , Coastal Pollution , Environmental Microbiology , Health Surveillance , Sand , Water Microbiology , Water Quality , Colimetry , Pollution Indicators , Environmental Pollution/analysisABSTRACT
La estrategia en salud ambiental va encaminada hacia el establecimiento de programas de prevención y control de los riesgos del ambiente sobre la salud humana, el auge del comercio a cargo de empresas nacionales, mixtas y extranjeras, así como el desarrollo del turismo que ha tenido lugar en los últimos años en Cuba. Por tal motivo, es de gran importancia garantizar el uso de productos químicos y tecnologías ambientales eficaces con un nivel de riesgo mínimo para la salud humana. Para el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de los expedientes de productos y tecnologías ambientales sujetos al proceso de registro sanitario en el período comprendido de 1996 al 2003. Se clasificaron los productos y tecnologías vinculadas al ambiente y la salud, entre ellas las utilizadas en el tratamiento y desinfección de las aguas potables, recreativas y residuales, y se definieron los indicadores de mayor relevancia que permitan la evaluación por parte del comité de expertos.
The environmental health strategy is directed to the establishment of programs of prevention and control of environment risks for human health, the increase of trade carried on by national, mixed and foreing enterprises, as well as the development of tourism during the last years in Cuba. Therefore, it is very important to guarantee the use of chemicals and efficient environmental technologies with a minimum risk level for human health. The records of products and environmental products subject to the process of sanitary registry from 1998 to 2003 were reviewed.The products and technologies related to environment and its health and, among therm, those used in the treatment and disinfection of drinking water, water devoted to recreational activities and sewage, were classified. The most significant indicators allowing the Expert Committee to evaluate this situation, were also defined.