Relación entre el índice CPOD y la limitación para socializar en escolares de Ecuador / Relationship between the DMFT index and the limitation to socialize in schoolchildren from Ecuador

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud define a la caries dental como un problema de salud mundial que afecta entre el 60 al 90% de la población. Se considera una enfermedad transmisible de origen multifactorial, que evoluciona de manera progresiva hasta ocasionar la destrucción de los tejidos duros. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados, y la limitación para socializar en escolares de Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional sobre una población de 154 escolares de 12 años de la parroquia el Batán, de Cuenca-Ecuador (2016); para el análisis estadístico los datos fueron ingresados al programa SPSS, donde se efectuó estadística descriptiva para cada una de las variables y la limitación para socializar. Resultados: Se logró constatar que la población objeto presentó un índice de CPOD muy bajo (32,5 %), de igual forma se evidenció que el 62,7% no presentó limitación a la hora de socializar. En cuanto a la correlación entre ambas variables, se mostró una asociación positiva con un nivel de significancia de p=0,002. Una de las principales limitaciones del estudio fue el escaso contacto con los participantes. Se recomienda, efectuar investigaciones epidemiológicas longitudinales con la finalidad de observar la variación del coeficiente de correlación de las variables en fases de pretratamiento y de postratamiento. Conclusión: Al finalizar el estudio, se demostró que existe correlación estadística entre el índice CPOD y la limitación en el desempeño socializar en los escolares de 12 años de la parroquia el Batán.

Introduction: the World Health Organization defines dental caries as a global health problem that affects between 60 and 90% of the population. It is considered a communicable disease of multifactorial origin, which evolves progressively until it causes the destruction of hard tissues. Objective: to determine the relationship between decayed, missing and filled teeth and the limitation to socialize in schoolchildren from Ecuador. Methods: a descriptive correlational study was carried out on a population of 154 schoolchildren aged 12 years from the El Batán parish, Cuenca-Ecuador (2016); data was entered into the SPSS program for the statistical analysis, where descriptive statistics were performed for each of the variables and for the limitation to socialize. Results: it was possible to verify that the target population had a very low DMFT index (32.5%); in the same way it was evidenced that 62.7% did not have limitations when socializing. A positive association, with a significance level of p=0.002, was shown regarding the correlation between both variables. One of the main limitations of the study was the limited contact with the participants. We recommend to carry out longitudinal epidemiological investigations in order to observe the variation of the correlation coefficient of the variables in the pre-treatment and post-treatment phases. Conclusion: we showed, at the end of the study, that there is a statistical correlation between the DMFT index and the limitation in socializing performance in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the El Batán parish.

Diagnóstico bucodental en niños de parvularia residentes de una zona urbano marginal / Oral diagnosis in preschool children living in a marginal urban area

La caries dental es un problema de salud pública que para el año 2016 afectaba a 3500 millones de personas. En los menores de seis años, la progresión de la lesión es más rápida, exponiéndolos a la caries de la temprana infancia y pérdidas dentales prematuras. Determinar el estado de salud/enfermedad del componente bucal de niños de parvularia de un centro escolar con vulnerabilidad social y económica del municipio de San Salvador, en el año 2018, según el índice y la prevalencia de la enfermedad de caries dental. El estudio es descriptivo, cuantitativo, de corte transversal, prospectivo. Las unidades de análisis son niños de cuatro y cinco años de edad, respetando todos los aspectos éticos y la confidencialidad. Se tomó el total del universo, conformado por 96 niños. Resultados. La frecuencia de caries dental en la población en estudio es del 95 %, el índice de dientes cariados, extraídos y obturados es de 6,38, que según la Organización Mundial de Salud es muy alto. La superficie dental más afectada es la oclusal, en los cuadrantes superiores, con un aproximado del 40 %, y en los inferiores, un aproximado del 20 %. La mayoría de la población en estudio padece de caries dental, siendo una minoría la que mantiene la cavidad bucal en estado óptimo

Dental caries is a public health problem, in 2016 it affected 3500 million people. In children under six years of age, the progression of the lesion is faster, exposing them to early childhood caries and premature dental loss. To determine the health/disease status of the oral component of nursery school children from a school with social and economic vulnerability in the municipality of San Salvador, in 2018, according to the index and prevalence of dental caries disease. The study is descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, prospective. The units of analysis are children between four and five years of age, respecting all ethical aspects and confidentiality. The total of the universe made up of 96 children was taken. Results. The frequency of dental caries in the study population is 95 %, the decayed, missing and filled caries index is 6,38, which according to the World Health Organization is very high. The most affected tooth surface is occlusal, in the upper quadrants with approximately 40 % and in the lower quadrants with approximately 20 %. The majority of the population under study suffers from dental caries, being a minority that maintains the oral cavity in an optimal state.

Estrategia educativa de Prevención de Enfermedades Bucales en colaboradores de una Universidad Privada dentro del marco del Proyecto de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria / Educational strategy for the Prevention of Oral Diseases in collaborators of a Private University within the framework of the University Social Responsibility Project

RESUMEN Introducción. La caries dental y las enfermedades gingivales son las patologías más comunes en la población mundial y se ha demostrado que las prácticas de higiene oral pueden controlarlas y prevenirlas Objetivo. Diseñar una estrategia educativa de prevención de enfermedades bucales e implementar en forma piloto en el personal de limpieza de la Universidad del Pacífico en Paraguay. Metodología. Estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental en el personal de limpieza de la Universidad del Pacífico en el periodo 2021. Se registraron índices CPOD y de O´Leary para establecer diagnóstico. Cada paciente recibió elementos de higiene bucal y semanalmente recibía mensajes, fotos y videos motivadores vía WhatsApp. Resultados. Participaron 13 individuos de entre 21 y 48 años, 69% del sexo femenino. Se realizaron 6 talleres con insumos para cada participante. El 49% de los participantes logró el objetivo de llegar al 20% del índice de O´Leary y el 40% de ellos reducir el 50% el índice Caries y el 100% de los que completaron los talleres resolvió la gingivitis. De 6 talleres realizados, 3 participantes acudieron al 100% de las actividades Conclusión. El cepillado dental bajo supervisión e instrucciones sencillas disminuye el Índice de O´Leary y controla la gingivitis. El uso de teléfonos celulares para realizar seguimiento y dar motivación constante compartiendo mensajes recordatorios, reflexiones positivas, imágenes de sonrisas agradables y videos demostrativos, evidenció ser altamente efectivo promover la constancia de los cuidados de salud bucal, sin embargo, no hubo impacto sobre la cantidad de caries activas presentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common oral pathologies affecting the global population and it is proven that a good oral hygiene practices can control and prevent them. Objective. to design an educative strategy to prevent oral diseases and experimentally implement it with the cleaning workers of the Universidad del Pacífico in Paraguay. Methodology. Interventional quasi-experimental study with the cleaning workers at Universidad del Pacífico in 2021. DMF and O´Leary Indexes were measured to stablish diagnosis. Each patient received oral hygiene supplies in every control meeting. They also received weekly messages, photos, videos via WhatsApp. Results. 13 people between 21 to 48 years old participated in this study. 69% of them were female. 6 workshops were conducted where each individual received hygiene supplies. 49% of the participants achieved the goal of reducing to 20% or less in the O´Leary Index and 40% reduced their Decay Index to 50% and all the individuals who suffered initially from gingivitis were no longer affected by it at the end of the study. Out of 6 workshops, only 3 people participated in all of them. Conclusion. Supervised tooth brushing can help diminishing O´Leary index and controls gingivitis. It was proven that the use of cell phones to communicate with the participants with texting, photos or videos to promote the strategy and to rise the spirit was very helpful, nonetheless there were no impact over the amount of tooth decays.

Indicadores de salud oral en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral de centros especializados de Lima- Perú, periodo 2012- 2013 / Oral health indicators in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from specialized centers of Lima- Peru, 2012- 2013 period

Objetivo. Evaluar indicadores de salud oral en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral en Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de una muestra de 171 pacientes de dos centros de referencia nacional especializados, periodo 2012- 2013, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para los índices de higiene oral (IHO) de Greene & Vermillion, índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados (CPOD) y análisis de maloclusión dentaria (MD) se evaluaron 126 niños (6,0-11,9 años) y 45 adolescentes (12,0-19,0 años). Resultados. El IHO fue de 2,55 (malo) en el 91,8%, IHO regular en el 8,2% y ninguno mostró IHO bueno, observándose el mismo comportamiento en ambos grupos etarios. La prevalencia de caries fue 100% y CPOD de 4,55 ±1,56; los niños registraron CPOD de 4,52 ±1,537 y los adolescentes CPOD de 4,64 ±1,626. El 74,3% mostró MD, los niños evidenciaron MD en el 69,8% y los adolescentes mostraron 86,7%. En los niños, se observó relación molar (RM) Clase I derecha en el 42,1% e izquierda en el 44,4%; los adolescentes evidenciaron RM Clase III derecha en el 42,2% e izquierda en el 37,8%. Para los niños, el overbite (OB) no fue registrable en el 33,3% y normal en el 29,4%; en adolescentes, se registró OB normal en el 40%. Se observó con mayor frecuencia línea media dentaria desviada hacia el lado izquierdo. Conclusiones. En la mayoría de niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral de centros especializados se encontró alto índice de caries CPOD, mala higiene oral y presencia de maloclusiones.

Objective. To evaluate oral health indicators in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Lima-Peru. Methods. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of a sample of 171 patients from two specialized national referral centers for the 2012- 2013 period who met the inclusion criteria. For the Greene & Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI), decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and the dental malocclusion (DM) analysis, 126 children (6.0-11.9 years-old) and 45 adolescents (12.0-19.0 years- old) were evaluated. Results. The OHI was 2.55 (poor hygiene) in the 91.8%, regular OHI in the 8.2% and no one showed a good IHO, observing the same behavior in both age groups. The prevalence of caries was 100% and the DMFT was 4.55 ± 1.56; the children registered a DMFT of 4.52 ± 1.537 and the adolescents 4.64 ± 1.626. The DM was present in 74.3%; the children showed a 69,8% of DM and the adolescents showed 86.7%. In children, a right class I molar relationship (MR) was observed in 42.1% and a left MR in 44.4%; the adolescents showed right Class III in 42.2% and left in 37.8%. In children, the overbite (OB) was not registered in the 33.3% of the cases and it was normal in the 29.4%; the adolescents registered a normal OB in 40%. It was more frequently observed a deviation of the dental midline to the left. Conclusions. In most children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from specialized centers, a high index of DMFT caries, poor oral hygiene and the presence of malocclusions were found.

A cross-sectional study on the level of severity of dental caries in adults / Estudio transversal sobre nivel de severidad de caries dental en adultos

Introduction: Oral diseases affect some 3.9 billion people worldwide, the most prevalent are dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Untreated dental caries lesions affect 35% of the population. Objective: To determine the level of severity of dental caries lesions in adults treated at public dental services in the cities of Asunción and Pirayú, Paraguay, in 2 017. Material and Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical variables of oral health status were evaluated by means of a cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling. Two dentists were calibrated to perform the oral examination. Caries experience was evaluated using the DMF-T index. The Chi square test and Fisher's exact test were applied, with a confidence level of 95%. Results:333 subjects with a mean age of 35 years participated in the study, 77.2% were females, and 64.0% did not have access to private health care services. The DMF-T index was 11.43 (SD=6.7); 12.6% obtained a very low level, 35.7% low level, 41.7% had a medium level, and 9.9% had a high level in the DMF-T index. The DMF-T index was significantly higher in females (p=0.001), in the age range of 50 to 59 years (p<0.001), in those who did not have access to private health services (p=0.008), in those who reported a negative self-evaluation of their oral health (p=0.04), in those with a normal molar ratio (p=0.023) and a very severe aesthetic index (p<0 . 0 01). Conclusion: The general level of severity of global caries was medium and associated with sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Introducción: Las enfermedades orales afectan a 3,9 billones de personas a nivel mundial, siendo las más prevalentes la caries dental, la gingivitis y periodontitis; afectando al 35% de la población las lesiones de caries dental no tratadas. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de severidad de lesiones de caries dental en adultos que acuden a servicios odontológicos públicos en las ciudades de Asunción y Pirayú, en el Paraguay, en el año 2017. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal donde se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas del estado de salud oral. El muestreo fue de casos consecutivos. Dos odontólogos fueron calibrados para realizar el examen oral. La experiencia de caries fue evaluada mediante el índice CPO-D. Se aplicaron las pruebas Chi cuadrado y Test exacto de Fisher, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 333 sujetos, con edad promedio de 35 años, el 77,2% mujeres y el 64,0% no tenía acceso a servicios de salud privado. El índice CPO-D fue de 11,43 (DE = 6,7). El 12,6% obtuvo un nivel muy bajo, el 35,7% nivel bajo, el 41,7% tuvo nivel medio y el 9,9% nivel alto del CPO-D, siendo significativamente más elevado en mujeres (p= 0, 0 01), en la edad de 50 a 59 años (p<0,001), en aquellos que no cuentan con acceso a servicios de salud privado (p=0,008), los que relataron una autoevaluación negativa de su salud bucal (p=0,04), los que tenían una relación molar normal (p=0,023) e índice de estética muy grave (p<0, 0 01). Conclusión: El nivel general de severidad de caries global fue medio, se asoció con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas.

Condições de Saúde bucal e acuidade visual dos estudantes em um município do Baixo Amazonas / Condiciones de salud bucal y agudeza visual de estudiantes en una ciudad de Baixo Amazonas / Oral health and visual acuity conditions of students in a municipality of Baixo Amazonas

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência da cárie dentária e da deficiência visual nos escolares do ensino fundamental da rede pública de ensino de Barreirinha-AM e verificar os fatores associados a estas condições. Método Estudo transversal, com 1.828 estudantes entre 06 e 17 anos, da rede pública de ensino, Barreirinha. A avaliação da cárie dentária seguiu as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde utilizando os critérios estabelecidos para as condições dentárias, tanto para dentes decíduos, quanto para permanentes: cariados, perdidos e obturados. O índice Significant Caries Index mediu a severidade da cárie dentária nos indivíduos mais afetados com a doença. Realizou-se avaliação para acuidade visual e analisou-se idade, sexo e escola. Resultados Evidenciou-se elevada prevalência de cárie dentária, desigualdade em sua distribuição e associação entre esta doença e sexo (p = 0,005). A prevalência de dificuldades visuais entre os escolares foi baixa. Conclusão e implicações para prática O estudo sugere carência de tratamento odontológico restaurador e elevada prevalência de cárie dentária, evidenciando a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações de promoção de saúde bucal, com o intuito de minimizar os agravos provocados pela doença.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de caries dentales y discapacidad visual en estudiantes de la enseñanza primaria del sistema escolar público de Barreirinha-AM, y verificar los factores asociados con estas condiciones. Método Estudio transversal realizado con 1.828 estudiantes entre 06 y 17 años, de escuelas públicas de Barreirinha-AM. La evaluación de las caries dentales siguió las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, utilizando los criterios establecidos para las condiciones dentales, tanto para dientes temporales como permanentes: cariados, perdidos y obturados. El índice Significant Caries Index midió la gravedad de la carie dental en las personas más afectadas por la enfermedad. Se realizó la evaluación para agudeza visual y se analizó edad, sexo y nivel educativo. Resultados Hubo alta prevalencia de carie dental, desigualdad en su distribución y asociación entre esta enfermedad y el sexo (p = 0,005). La prevalencia de dificultades visuales entre los estudiantes fue baja. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El estudio sugiere una carencia de tratamiento dental restaurador y una alta prevalencia de caries dentales, evidenciando la necesidad de planificación y desarrollo de acciones de promoción a la salud bucal, con el fin de minimizar los problemas ocasionados por la enfermedad.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and visual acuity deficiency in elementary school students of the public school system in the municipality of Barreirinha- AM and check the factors associated with these conditions. Method Cross-sectional study with 1,828 students aged 6 to 17 in the public school system of the municipality-of Barreirinha-AM. The dental cavity evaluation followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization using the established criteria for dental conditions, for deciduous as for permanent teeth: decayed, missing and filled. The Significant Caries Index was used to measure the dental caries severity in the individuals most affected by this disease. Visual acuity was assessed and age, sex and school were analyzed. Results It became evident high prevalence of dental cavities, inequality in its distribution, and relation between this disease and gender (p=0.005). The visual deficit frequency was low among the students. Conclusion and implications for practice The study indicates a lack of dental restoration treatment and high dental cavity prevalence, highlighting the need for planning and development of oral health promotion actions, with the purpose of minimizing the aggravations caused by the disease.

Fatores relacionados à cárie dentária em escolares de 15-19 anos de Manaus, Amazonas: um estudo transversal / Associated factors of tooth decay in 15-19-year-old students of Manaus, Amazonas: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária e fatores relacionados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de uma escola pública de Manaus-AM. Métodos: O delineamento do estudo foi do tipo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 103 escolares. Para avaliar a cárie dentária foram realizados exames clínicos utilizando o Índice CPO-D (cariados, perdidos, obturados por dente) para avaliar presença de cárie dentária em ficha individual. Também foram aplicados dois questionários referentes aos hábitos de higiene bucal e à percepção da presença de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses e impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária. O Índice Significant Caries Index (SIC) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença da doença cárie dentária em um terço da população com maior CPO-D. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas Microsoft Excel®e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adotando o nível de significância de 0,05. Para verificar a hipótese de associação entre variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: A média do índice CPO-D encontrada foi de 1,2 considerada baixa; sendo o componente cariado (C) o responsável pela maior parte do Índice CPO-D. O Índice SIC foi de 4,4 evidenciando que um terço da amostra apresentava Índice CPO muito superior à média encontrada, mostrando desigualdade na distribuição da doença no grupo estudado. A frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia foi relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes (57,3%). No entanto, sobre a frequência de consulta dos adolescentes ao cirurgião-dentista, constatou-se que 48,6% dos estudantes nunca procuraram atendimento. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e irritabilidade causada pelos dentes (p = 0,011) e dificuldade para falar (p = 0,007). Conclusão: Este estudo apontou baixa experiência de cárie dentária, sendo a frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e as questões sobre incômodo ao escovar os dentes e dificuldade para falar.

Aim:To evaluate the experience of tooth decay and its associated factors in teenagers ranging from 15 to 19 years of age in a public high school in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, whose sample amount was a total of 103 students. To evaluate tooth decay, clinical exams were performed using the DMF-T index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) to assess the presence of tooth decay (DMF-T) on an individual data record. Two questionnaires were applied regarding oral hygiene habits, perception of the presence of dental pain in the last six months, and impact of oral health conditions on daily life. The Significant Caries Index (SIC Index) was used to assess the presence of tooth decay disease in one third of the population with the highest DMF-T. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel® and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programs were used, adopting a significance level of 0.05. Pearson's chi-square test was used to verify the hypothesis of association between variables. Results:The DMF-T index was 1.2, which is considered low, while the carious component (C) was the most prevalent of the DMF-T Index. The SIC Index was 4.4, showing that one third of the sample had a DMF-T Index that was much higher than the average, revealing an unequal distribution of the disease within the studied group. The frequency of brushing teeth 3 times a day was reported by most teenagers (57.3%). However, regarding the frequency of visits to the dentist, it was found that 48.6% of the students had never sought out dental care. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of tooth decay and questions about irritability caused by teeth (p = 0.011) and difficulty in speaking (p = 0.007). Conclusion:This study showed a low experience of tooth decay, with the frequency of brushing 3 times a day reported by most adolescents. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of tooth decay and difficulty in speaking.

The role of health literacy as a factor associated with tooth loss / O papel da literacia em saúde como fator associado às perdas dentárias

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the role of health literacy (HL) as a factor associated with tooth loss among users of the Brazilian Health System with chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with adult and elderly users chosen at ten Family Health Clinics in a draw in the town of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic data (sex, age, skin color and education), behavioral data (brushing and flossing), determinants in health (type of dental health services and how often) and clinical data (pain). Mouth conditions were collected by intraoral examination of visible dental biofilm and community Pediodontal Index. The systemic clinical conditions (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure) were extracted from the medical records. The explanatory variable was HL (low, medium and high), measured with the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTS The outcome was tooth loss measured by the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Logistic regression was performed using a conceptual model for HL (p < 0.05). For the 238 subjects, the mean age was 62.7 years (± 10.55). Tooth loss was associated with HL in regression models adjusted by type of dental service, dental frequency, and dental floss. In the final model, the factors associated with tooth loss are older age (OR = 1,12; 95%CI: 1,07-1,17), a lower education (OR = 3,43; 95%CI: 1,17-10,10), irregular use of dental floss (OR = 4,58; 95%CI: 1.75 in-7,31), irregular use of dental services (n = 2,60; 95% 1,32-5,12), periodontal pocket (> 4 mm) (n = 0,31; 95%CI: 0,01-0,08), having visible dental biofilm (OR = 7,23; 95%CI: 3,19-16,41) and a higher level of blood sugar (glucose) (n = 1,98; 95%CI: 1.00-3,92). CONCLUSIONS tooth loss was associated with HL when adjusted by health behaviors; when sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions were included, it was less significant. In the final model, behaviors, determinants in health and clinical conditions were risk indicators of tooth loss, showing the multifactorial nature of this phenomenon.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo foi analisar o papel da Literacia em Saúde (LS) como fator associado às perdas dentárias entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. MÉTODOS O estudo transversal e analítico foi conduzido com usuários adultos e idosos selecionados em dez Unidades de Saúde da Família sorteadas, em Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade), comportamentais (escovação e uso de fio dental), determinantes em saúde (tipo e frequência de uso de serviço de saúde médico e odontológico) e clínica (dor). As condições bucais foram coletadas por exame intrabucal do biofilme dental visível e Índice Pediodontal Comunitário. As condições clínicas sistêmicas (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e pressóricas) foram extraídas dos prontuários. A variável explanatória foi a LS (baixa, média e alta), medida pelo Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTADOS O desfecho foi à perda dentária medida pelo Índice de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Foi realizada regressão logística com uso de um modelo conceitual para a LS (p < 0,05). Para os 238 indivíduos, a média de idade foi 62,7 anos (± 10,55). A perda dentária esteve associada à LS nos modelos de regressão ajustados por tipo de serviço odontológico, frequência odontológica e uso de fio dental. No modelo final, a perda dentária teve como fatores associados a maior idade (OR = 1,12; IC95% 1,07-1,17), menor escolaridade (OR = 3,43; IC95% 1,17-10,10), ao uso irregular de fio dental (OR = 4,58; IC95% 1,75-7,31), uso irregular do serviço odontológico (OR = 2,60; IC95% 1,32-5,12), bolsa periodontal (> 4mm) (OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,01-0,08), ter biofilme dental visível (OR = 7,23; IC95% 3,19-16,41) e maior índice de glicemia (OR = 1,98; IC95% 1,00-3,92). CONCLUSÕES A perda dentária esteve associada à LS quando ajustada por comportamentos em saúde, a partir da inclusão das variáveis sociodemográficas e condições clínicas ela perdeu a significância. No modelo final, comportamentos, determinantes em saúde e condições clínicas foram indicadores de risco da perda dentária, demonstrando a multifatorialidade envolvida neste fenômeno.

Dental caries surveys: considerations about reproducibility / Inquéritos de cárie dentária: considerações sobre a reprodutibilidade

Aim:To evaluate the impact of the recording of teeth whose clinical conditions rarely vary (anterior teeth and third molars) in inter-examiner agreement measurements. Methods:Clinical data from 56 schoolchildren, 12 years of age, previously collected by two examiners, according to the "Oral Health Surveys: basic methods" codes and criteria, were analyzed in the present study. The effects from including/excluding such teeth upon reproducibility were measured by general percentage agreement (GPA) and Kappa statistics (к) performances. Results: The exclusion of anterior teeth associated with the inclusion of third molars produced a decrease in GPA that was simultaneous to an increase in the weighted Kappa (nominal data) and simple (dichotomous data) values. The incorrect inclusion of third molars (GPA = 100%; к = + 1) in the reproducibility measurement artificially increased the inter-examiner Kappa values. Conclusion: The inclusion/exclusion of anterior teeth and third molars, seeking a more reliable agreement among examiners, can have a positive or negative impact on the measured reproducibility values. A clear warning about the impact of including third molars in the reproducibility measurement, in the 12 years old age group, should be performed in "Oral Health Surveys: basic methods" and similar manuals.

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do registro de dentes anteriores e terceiros molares, cujas condições clínicas pouco variam, sobre as mensurações de concordância inter-examinadores. Métodos: Dados clínicos de 56 escolares de 12 anos de idade, previamente coletados por 2 examinadores, segundo os códigos e critérios expressos no "Levantamentos em Saúde Bucal: métodos básicos" foram analisados neste estudo. Os efeitos da inclusão/exclusão destes dentes sobre a concordância inter-examinadores foram mensurados calculando-se a porcentagem geral de concordância (GPA) e estatística Kappa (к). Resultados:A inclusão de terceiros molares aumentou a GPA para dados dicotomizados ou não. A exclusão de dentes anteriores diminuiu a GPA para dados dicotomizados ou não. Quando associada à inclusão de terceiros molares, sob perfeita concordância (к = +1), os valores de Kappa foram artificialmente aumentados tanto para dados dicotomizados quanto não-dicotomizados. Conclusão: A inclusão/exclusão de dentes anteriores e/ou de terceiros molares, no sentido de se evidenciar melhor as discordâncias entre examinadores, podem impactar positiva ou negativamente sobre a fidedignidade da reprodutibilidade mensurada. Uma advertência clara sobre o impacto da inclusão dos dentes terceiros molares no cálculo da reprodutibilidade, para a faixa etária de 12 anos, deveria estar presente no "Levantamentos em Saúde Bucal: métodos básicos" e manuais semelhantes.

Índice CPOD y limitación para hablar con claridad en escolares de 12 años, Cuenca-Ecuador / DMFT index and limitation in speaking clearly in 12-year-old schoolchildren, Cuenca, Ecuador

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre CPO-D y la limitación autopercibida para hablar claro en escolares de 12 años de la parroquia El Batán (Cuenca, Ecuador). Materiales y métodos: Fue un estudio observacional, con un nivel relacional retrospectivo, que estuvo conformado por 154 fichas, que corresponde a 104 niñas y 50 niños. Se analizó las variables CPO-D y la limitación para hablar claro mediante estadística descriptiva, y la correlación se halló mediante la prueba estadística de Tau-b de Kendall. Resultados: El índice CPO-D, en general, fue muy bajo, con el 32,5%, seguido por el medio, con el 29,5%. El impacto de la limitación para hablar claro afectó al 35,6% para el sexo femenino y el 46,0% para el masculino. La relación fue significativa (p = 0,000) entre el CPO-D y la limitación para hablar claro, y su asociación fue baja y positiva (0,301). De acuerdo con el sexo, también mostró significancia y su asociación fue media para los niños (0,413) y baja para las niñas (0,261). Conclusión: Cerca de la tercera parte de los escolares mostró un índice bajo y medio de CPO-D. En cuanto a la limitación para hablar claro, menos de la tercera parte exhibió mucha limitación. Se encontró una correlación: entre mayor índice de caries dental mayor será la limitación autopercibida para hablar claro, aunque esta asociación fue baja, y afectó más a los niños que a las niñas de esta área urbana. (AU)

Objective: To determine the relationship between the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index and self-perceived limitation in speaking clearly in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the ̈El Batán ̈ parish in Cuenca-Ecuador. Materials and methods: This was an observational study, with a retrospective relational level, consisting of 154 reports, corresponding to 104 girls and 50 boys. The DMFT variables and limitation to speak clearly were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation was determined by means of the Kendall's Tau-b statistical test. Results: The DMFT index was very low with 32.5%, followed by a medium of 29.5%; while the impact of the limitation to speak clearly affected 35.6% of the females and 46.0% of the males. The relationship between the DMFT index and the limitation to speak clearly was significant (p = 0.000), with a low positive association (0.301). It was also significant according to gender and with a medium association for boys (0.413) and low association for girls (0.261). Conclusion: About one third of schoolchildren showed a low and medium DMFT index. Less than one third of the children studied reported some limitation to speak clearly. There was a correlation between a higher index of dental cavities and a greater self-perceived limitation to speak clearly, although this association was low, affecting boys more frequently than girls in this urban area. (AU)

Dental caries and oral health behavior assessments among portuguese adolescents / Caries dental y evaluaciones del comportamiento de salud bucal en adolescentes portugueses

Introduction: Adolescents have a high risk of developing caries in Portugal. The present study is designed to assess dental caries experience among the adolescents by the application of DMFT index, characterize the oral health risk factors and to determine the association between caries experience and socio-demographic variables. The characterization of the oral health behaviors of adolescents of the central region of Portugal will help in the development of specific oral health education strategies to improve oral health among the local communities. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of 694 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years attending public schools in two Portuguese districts using a structured questionnaire designed to investigate oral health and behavior of participants. In addition, a clinical examination was carried out noting the decayed, missing and filled teeth. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed using the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied for analysis of the association between variables. Results: The mean DMFT index score of 2.91±2.9 was obtained. Of the total sample, 73% consumed sugary food daily, 50.1% considered having good oral health and 70.8% did not report pain in the last 12 months. Most adolescents (79.4%) brushed their teeth daily and 60% did not use dental floss. Of the total sample, 96.4% had a dental appointment in the last 12 months, 46.4% of which was for preventive purposes. Applying the Chi-square statistical test, we verified that the adolescents who brush their teeth daily presented a good perception about their oral health (p<0.001), the DMFT index scores were associated with the residence area (p=0.01) and the presence of dental caries was associated with the perception of oral health (p=0.049) and sugary food intake (p=0.029).Conclusion: Portuguese adolescents presented a low DMFT index. The DMFT index was associated with residence area, perception of oral health and sugary food intake. Daily toothbrushing was associated with self-perception of oral health. It is suggested that oral health promotion and prevention programs should aim to reduce the risks of oral disease development.

Introducción: Los adolescentes tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar caries en Portugal. El presente estudio está diseñado para evaluar la experiencia de caries dental entre los adolescentes mediante la aplicación del índice CPOD, caracterizar los factores de riesgo para la salud bucal y determinar la asociación entre la experiencia de caries y las variables sociodemográficas. La caracterización de los comportamientos de salud bucal de los adolescentes de la región central de Portugal ayudará en el desarrollo de estrategias específicas de educación en salud bucal para mejorar la salud bucal entre las comunidades locales. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 694 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años que asisten a escuelas públicas en dos distritos portugueses utilizando un cuestionario estructurado diseñado para investigar la salud bucal y el comportamiento de los participantes. Además, se llevó a cabo un examen clínico observando los dientes cariados, faltantes y obturados. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado, Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis (p <0,05). Se aplicó un análisis multivariado para el análisis de la asociación entre variables. Resultados: Se obtuvo la puntuación media del índice CPOD de 2,91 ± 2,9. Del total de la muestra, el 73% consumía alimentos azucarados diariamente, el 50,1% consideró tener buena salud bucal y el 70,8% no refirió dolor en los últimos 12 meses. La mayoría de los adolescentes (79,4%) se cepillaban los dientes a diario y el 60% no usaba hilo dental. Del total de la muestra, el 96,4% tuvo cita con el dentista en los últimos 12 meses, de la cual el 46,4% fue con fines preventivos. Aplicando la prueba estadística de Chi-cuadrado, verificamos que los adolescentes que se cepillan los dientes diariamente presentaban una buena percepción sobre su salud bucal (p <0.001), las puntuaciones del índice CPOD se asociaron al área de residencia (p = 0.01) y la caries dental se asoció con la percepción de salud bucal (p = 0,049) y con la ingesta de alimentos azucarados (p = 0,029). Conclusión: Los adolescentes portugueses presentaron un índice CPOD bajo. El índice CPOD se asoció con el área de residencia, la percepción de salud bucal y la ingesta de alimentos azucarados. El cepillado diario de los dientes se asoció con la autopercepción de la salud bucal. Se sugiere que los programas de promoción y prevención de la salud bucal deben ser enfocados en reducir los riesgos de desarrollo de enfermedades bucodentales.

Padrões de manifestação dos defeitos de Hipomineralização Molar Incisivo e influência na experiência e atividade de cárie dentária / Affection patterns of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Defects and their influence on dental caries experience and activity

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) avaliar os padrões de manifestação dos defeitos de Hipomineralização Molar Incisivo entre arcos e hemiarcos dentários, em relação à simetria de acometimento, fenótipos e o envolvimento de outros grupos de dentes; 2) relacionar a cor e localização das superfícies afetadas com a presença de fraturas pós eruptivas (FPE), lesão de cárie e restaurações; 3) verificar a influência das FPE e opacidades sobre os índices de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (ceod/CPO-D) e International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), respectivamente. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional transversal, realizado nas clínicas de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizados dois estudos (estudo 1: n=35; estudo 2: n=39), com uma amostra de conveniência formada por crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 3 a 14 anos, que possuiam pelo menos um primeiro molar permanente (PMP) ou segundo molar decíduo (SMD) com sinais de hipomineralização, de acordo com o critério da European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Para o estudo 1 os testes Qui quadrado, exato de Fisher, t de Student e correlação de Pearson foram utilizados para verificar a possibilidade das associações entre simetria, cor, localização e situação clínica (p≤0,01). No estudo 2, para verificar a influência das FPE e opacidades sobre os índices ceo-d/CPO-D e ICDAS foi utilizado o teste Qui quadrado. Não houve simetria entre o número de opacidades, cor e gravidade (fenótipos). O número médio de dentes afetados nos pacientes que apresentaram PMPs ou SMDs com defeitos graves (5,63 ± 2,83) foi maior (p<0,01) do que nos pacientes que apresentaram PMPs ou SMDs com defeitos leves (2,62 ± 0,92). O número de superfícies afetadas em PMPs ou SMDs foi associado ao acometimento de caninos. Opacidades marrom-amareladas em dentes posteriores foram relacionadas a presença de FPE (p <0,01). A presença de hipomineralização em região de esforço mastigatório foi associada com cárie, restaurações ou FPE (p = 0,0014). Ceo-d/CPO-D e ICDAS tendem a sobreestimar a relação entre hipomineralização e cárie dentária devido às características semelhantes entre as duas condições (exposição de dentina por FPE e opacidades). Conclui-se que a presença de hipomineralização ocorreu de forma simétrica entre arcos e hemiarcos, embora não associada aos mesmos fenótipos. O número de superfícies afetadas nos PMPs ou SMDs foi associado à presença de sinais de hipomineralização em caninos. Opacidades em superfícies localizadas em regiões de esforço mastigatório mostrou correlação positiva com presença de lesões de cárie, restaurações ou FPE, sendo esta última associada principalmente a opacidades marrom-amareladas nos dentes posteriores. Sugerimos que estudos de prevalência de cárie dentária que utilizam o índice ceod/CPO-D avaliem dentes hipomineralizados separadamente, pois sua necessidade de tratamento pode não ter relação com experiência de cárie, assim como o ICDAS não é um bom índice a ser aplicado em dentes com esse tipo de defeito qualitativo no esmalte dentário. (AU)

The aims of the present study were: 1) to evaluate the affection patterns of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization defects between dental arches and sides of the mouth in relation to the presence of symmetry of affection, phenotypes and the involvement of other groups of teeth; 2) to relate the color and location of the affected surfaces to the presence of post-eruptive breakdowns (PEB), caries lesion and restorations; 3) to verify the influence of PEB and opacities on the indexes of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmf-t / DMF-T) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), respectively. This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out at the Pediatric Dental clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Two studies were carried out (study 1: n = 35; study 2: n = 39), with a convenience sample of children and adolescents aged 3 to 14 years, who had at least one first permanent molar (FPM) or second primary molar (SPM) with signs of hypomineralization, according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. For study 1 the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t and Pearson's correlation tests were used to verify the possibility of associations between symmetry, color, location and clinical situation (p≤0.01). In study 2, to check the influence of PEB and opacities on the dmf-t / DMF-T and ICDAS indexes, the Chi-square test was used. There was no symmetry among the number of opacities, color and severity (phenotypes). The average number of affected teeth in patients with FPMs or SPMs with severe defects (5.63 ± 2.83) was higher (p<0.01) than in patients with FPMs or SPMs with mild defects (2.62 ± 0.92). The number of surfaces affected in FPMs or SPMs was associated with canine involvement. Yellowish-brown opacities in posterior teeth were related to the presence of PEB (p<0.01). The presence of hypomineralization in a region of masticatory effort was correlated with caries, restorations or PEB (p = 0.0014). Dmf-t / DMF-T and ICDAS tend to overestimate the relationship between hypomineralization and tooth decay due to similar characteristics between the two conditions (dentin exposure by PEB and opacities). It is concluded that the presence of hypomineralization occurred symmetrically between arches and hemiarchs, although not associated with the same phenotypes. The number of surfaces affected in FPMs or SPMs was associated with the presence of signs of hypomineralization in canines. Opacities on surfaces located in regions of masticatory effort showed a positive correlation with the presence of caries lesions, restorations or PEB, the latter being mainly associated with yellow-brown opacities in the posterior teeth. We suggest that studies on the prevalence of dental caries evaluate hypomineralized teeth separately, as their need for treatment may be unrelated to caries experience, just as the ICDAS is not a good index to be applied to teeth with this type of qualitative defect in tooth enamel. (AU)

Prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária em escolares do Ensino Fundamental de um município vulnerável / Prevalence and severity of dental caries in elementary school students in a vulnerable municipality

Resumo Introdução A cárie dentária ainda é um problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países industrializados, com maior prevalência nas populações mais vulneráveis socioeconomicamente. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e a severidade da cárie dentária, e as ações curativas realizadas em escolares de 6 a 14 anos do Ensino Fundamental durante quatro meses de intervenção. Material e método Estudo transversal foi realizado com 130 escolares do município de Sarandi-PR. Para o diagnóstico da cárie dentária, foram utilizados os índices ceo-d, CPO-D e ICDAS II. Os escolares receberam atendimento curativo de acordo com as necessidades apresentadas, associado a atividades educativas preventivas. Resultado A prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 70% e 83%, segundo os índice ceo-d/CPO-D e ICDAS II, respectivamente. Os códigos referentes ao ICDAS II com maior prevalência foram ICDAS 5 e 6 (1,57% e 3,69%, respectivamente), enquanto o código 4 foi o de menor prevalência (0,30%). A maioria dos tratamentos restauradores foi realizada pela técnica de Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) (150 restaurações). Foram realizadas 90 aplicações de verniz fluoretado em lesões iniciais de cárie. Os tratamentos de maior complexidade foram encaminhados para a Unidade Básica de Saúde do município. Dos 32 escolares referenciados, 21 compareceram e nestes foram realizados tratamentos endodônticos e exodontias de dentes decíduos e permanentes. Conclusão A população estudada apresenta prevalência alta de cárie e, após quatro meses de intervenção, observou-se que o ART foi resolutivo para a maioria das necessidades de tratamento (59,2%), apresentando-se como uma estratégia eficiente que pode ser implementada em locais que não oferecem a estrutura de um consultório odontológico.

Abstract Introduction Dental caries is still a public health problem in most industrialized countries, with a higher prevalence in the most socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dental caries and curative actions performed in students from 6 to 14 years of elementary school during four months of intervention. Material and method Cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 students from Sarandi / PR. To diagnose dental caries, dmft, DMFT and ICDAS II indices were used. The students received curative care according to the needs presented associated with preventive educational activities. Result The prevalence of dental caries was 70% and 83% according to the ceo-d / CPO-D and ICDAS II index, respectively. The codes for ICDAS II with thw highest prevalence were ICDAS 5 and 6 (1.57% and 3.69% respectively), while Code 4 was the least prevalent (0.30%).Most restorative treatments were performed by the ART technique (150 restorations). Ninety applications of fluoride varnish were performed on initial carious lesions. The most complex treatments were referred to the Basic Health Unit of the municipality. Of the 32 students referred, 21 attended and endodontic treatments and primary and permanent teeth extraction were performed. Conclusion The studied population has a high prevalence of caries and after four months of intervention, it was observed that ART was decisive for most treatment needs (59.2%), presenting itself as an efficient strategy that can be implemented in places that do not offer the structure of a dental office.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de Salud Pública, ubicados en Usulután, San Vicente, San Salvador y Cuscatlán en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in Public Health facilities, located in Usulután, San Vicente, San Salvador and Cuscatlán in 2019

Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en cinco centros de salud pública. Metodología: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Fue realizado durante el año 2019 a una muestra de 250 pacientes, 50 por cada investigador; cuatro en Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar ubicadas en Usulután, San Vicente, San Salvador, Cuscatlán y uno en las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una cédula de entrevista y una guía de observación. Resultados: La población predominante fueron adultos entre los 21 a 60 años, del sexo femenino y del área urbana. Dentro del historial médico la hipertensión arterial fue la de mayor porcentaje (22.80%). En cuanto a condición bucal se encontró bruxismo (31.60%), caries dental (89.20%) e higiene bucal regular (51.20%); siendo los motivos principales de extracción la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal (40% cada uno). Las terceras molares superiores fueron las más extraídas seguidas de las segundas molares inferiores. Entre las características de los dientes donados predominaron la atrición, abfracción, abrasión y erosión (47.60%), caries cavitada (44%) y depósito de cálculo en corona (43.60%) y raíz (42%); dientes con raíces completas (94%). Conclusiones: El perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en los cinco puntos de muestreo se caracteriza por ser adultos entre los 21 a 60 años de edad, del sexo femenino y con residencia urbana. Los dientes más extraídos fueron los posteriores y la principal causa caries y enfermedad periodontal.

To determine the epidemiological profile of donors of extracted human teeth in five public health centers. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and transversal study. It was performed in 2019 on a sample of 250 patients, 50 for each researcher; four in Units of Community Family Health located in: Usulutan, San Vicente, San Salvador, Cuscatlan and one in the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry. The data was collected through an interview card and an observation guide. Results: The predominant population was adults between 21 and 60 years old, female gender from urban areas. In the medical history, arterial hypertension was the highest percentage (22.80%). Regarding oral condition, bruxism (31.60%), dental cavities (89.20%) and regular oral hygiene (51.20%) were found; the main reasons for extraction were dental cavities and periodontal disease (40% each). The upper third molars were the most extracted, followed by the lower second molars. Among the characteristics of the donated teeth, it was found that attrition, abfraction, abrasion and erosion predominated (47.60%), cavitated caries (44%) and calculus deposit in crown (43.60%) and root (42%); teeth with complete roots (94%). Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of the donors of extracted human teeth at the five sampling points is characterized by being adults between 21 and 60 years old, female gender and with urban residence. The most frequently extracted teeth were the posteriors and the main cause cavities and periodontal disease.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de Salud Pública, ubicados en Ahuachapán, Cuscatlán y Sonsonate, en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in Public Health facilities, located in Ahuachapán, Cuscatlán and Sonsonate, in 2019

Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar de Guaymango y Barra de Santiago en Ahuachapán, San Pedro Perulapán en Cuscatlán y Salcoatitán en Sonsonate, durante el año 2019. Metodología: Investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en 200 pacientes donadores entre las edades de 7 a más de 60 años a quienes se les entrevistó y efectuó un examen clínico para determinar los indicadores sociodemográficos, historia médica y clínico bucal del donador y las características físicas del diente extraído. Para el vaciado, análisis e interpretación de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 25. Resultados: Del total de los pacientes donadores un 62.5% fueron de sexo femenino, el 25% entre 21 y 30 años; 84.5% reside en el área rural; 13% padece de hipertensión arterial; 21.5% presentó bruxismo, 91% caries dental y 68.5% gingivitis/enfermedad periodontal. La principal causa de extracción fue caries dental con un 61% y la pieza más extraída fue la 4-6 de éstas el 63% presentaban caries extensa y un 99% raíz completa. Conclusión: Los donadores de dientes extraídos fueron en su mayoría del sexo femenino entre 21 y 30 años de edad, del sector rural. La condición bucal prevalente fue la higiene bucal regular, caries dental y gingivitis/enfermedad periodontal. La hipertensión fue la enfermedad más encontrada en los donadores y la causa principal de extracción fue la caries dental y sus secuelas siendo la pieza 4-6 la más extraída.

To determine the epidemiological profile of the donors of human teeth extracted in Community Family Health Units of Guaymango and Barra de Santiago in Ahuachapán, San Pedro Perulapán in Cuscatlán and Salcoatitán in Sonsonate, during 2019. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out in 200 donor patients between the ages of 7 to more than 60 years who were interviewed and performed a former clinician to determine the donor´s sociodemographic indicators, medical history and oral history and the physical characteristics of the extracted tooth. The IBM SPSS version 25 program was used TO EMPTY, analyze and interpret the data. Results: Of the total of the donor patients, 62.5% were female, 25% were between 21 and 30 years old; 84.5% reside in the rural area; 13% have high blood pressure; 21.5% presented bruxism, 91% dental caries and 68.5% gingivitis / periodontal disease. The main cause of extraction was dental caries with 61% and the most extracted piece was 4-6, the 63% of these had extensive tooth decay and a 99% had his roots complete. Conclusion: The donors of extracted teeth were mostly female between 21 and 30 years old, from the rural sector. Regular oral hygiene, dental caries, and gingivitis / periodontal disease prevailed in the oral condition. Hypertension was the most found disease in donors and the main cause of extraction was dental caries, with piece 4-6 being the most extracted.

Impacto en la calidad de vida a consecuencia de la mortalidad de dientes permanentes en usuarios de las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar Sensuntepeque, Villa Mariona y Nombre de Jesús, en el año 2018 / Impact on the quality of life as a result of the mortality of permanent teeth of the users of the Sensuntepeque, Villa Mariona and Nombre de Jesús Community Family Health Units, in 2018

Objetivo: Conocer el impacto en la calidad de vida a consecuencia de la mortalidad de dientes permanentes de los usuarios de las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar (UCSF) en el año 2018. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Constituido por 437 usuarios de 15 a más de 60 años de las UCSF año 2018, que cumplieron los criterios establecidos. Se utilizó una guía de observación para la evaluación clínica y cédula de entrevista para variables sociodemográficas. Se utilizó el índice Oral Impacts On Daily Performans (OIDP) para determinar el impacto en la calidad de vida. Para analizar los resultados y comprobación de hipótesis se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado con el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 25. Resultados: La pérdida dental incrementa en la población de estudio desde los 43 años. Los usuarios de más de 60 años fueron más afectados (media de 13 dientes). La media total de pérdida fue de 6 dientes. El nivel educativo más prevalente fue secundaria. La alteración clínica con mayor incidencia fue mesializaciones (59.95%) y la alteración funcional ruidos articulares con 60.42%. El 87.87% de la población no utilizaba prótesis dental en maxilar superior y el 90.39% en inferior. La prótesis parcial removible fue la más utilizada en ambos maxilares. Conclusiones: La mortalidad dental afecta la calidad de vida, principalmente comer y disfrutar los alimentos. Las alteraciones clínicas más prevalente fueron las mesializaciones y las funcionales fueron ruidos articulares.

Objective: To know the impact on the quality of life as a result of the mortality of permanent teeth of the users of the Community Family Health Units (UCSF) in 2018. Methodology: descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. Constituted by 437 users from 15 to over 60 years of the UCSF year 2018, who met the established criteria. An observation guide was used for the clinical evaluation and interview card for the sociodemographic variables. The Oral Impacts On Daily Performans (OIDP) index was used to see the impact on quality of life. To analyze the results and hypothesis testing, the Chi-square statistical test was used with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 program. Results: Dental loss increases in the study from 43 years. Users over 60 years were more affected, with an average of 13 teeth. The average total loss was 6 teeth. The most prevalent educational level was secondary. The clinical alteration with the highest incidence was mesialization (59.95%) and articular noise the functional alteration with 60.42%. 87.87% of the population did not use dentures in the upper jaw and 90.39% in the lower. The removable partial prosthesis was the most used in both jaws. Conclusions: Dental mortality affects the quality of life, mainly eating and enjoying foods classified as very light according to OIDP, causing clinical and functional alterations.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de Salud Pública, ubicados en Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Paz y San Salvador en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in Public Health facilities, located in Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Paz and San Salvador in 2019

Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los dientes humanos extraídos en Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar, ubicadas en Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Paz y San Salvador durante el año 2019. Metodología: Investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal, en 250 pacientes, durante mayo a julio de 2019; la recolección se realizó a través de una entrevista y evaluación clínica bucal del donador y del órgano dental extraído, los datos se registraron en una guía y se vaciaron en el programa Epiinfo™ 7, posteriormente fueron procesados y analizados en el software estadístico SPSS versión 25. Resultados: El sexo femenino predominó con el 60.8% y el área urbana con el 54%, la población estuvo concentrada en los rangos de 21 a 50 años de edad; el 27.2% padecían hipertensión arterial. El 48.8% de los órganos dentales fueron extraídos por caries dental y secuelas, seguido por el 40.8% con enfermedad periodontal, el órgano dental con mayor frecuencia de extracción fue el 3-6, el 57.2% tenían caries cavitadas y el 95.2% de las raíces estaban completas. Conclusiones: El perfil epidemiológico de la población de estudio es predominantemente femenino; del área urbana, de 21 a 50 años de edad, con índice de higiene oral deficiente (ISHO), presencia de caries dental y gingivitis, el motivo principal de extracción fue caries dental y secuelas, el diente mayormente donado fue la pieza 3-6, la característica clínica de la corona que más se presentó fue caries cavitada, raíz dental completa.

To Determine the epidemiological profile of human teeth extracted in Community Family Health Units, located in Chalatenango, Cuscatlán, La Paz and San Salvador during 2019. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-cuttingl research, in 250 patients, from May to July, 2019; the collection was carried out through an interview and clinical oral evaluation of the donor and the extracted dental organ. The data was recorded in a guide and emptied in the Epiinfo program™ 7, subsequently processed and analyzed in the SPSS version 25 statistical software. Results: The female gender dominated with 60.8% and the urban area at 54%, the population was concentrated in the ranges of 21 to 50 years of age; 27.2% had high blood pressure. 48.8% of the dental organs were removed due to tooth decays and sequelae, followed by 40.8% with periodontal disease. The dental organ most frequently removed was 3-6, 57.2% had cavitated caries and 95.2% of the roots were complete. Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of the study population is predominantly female; from the urban area, from 21 to 50 years of age, with a poor oral hygiene index (ISHO), presence of tooth decay and gingivitis, the main reason for extraction was tooth decay and sequelae, the most donated tooth was tooth 3-6, the clinical feature of the crown that most presented was cavitated caries, complete tooth root.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud Pública, ubicados en Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel y Morazán, en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in public health facilities, located in Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel and Morazán, in 2019

Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud pública, ubicados en Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel y Morazán en el año 2019. Metodología: El estudio posee una muestra de 252 órganos dentales extraídos en las Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar (UCSF) donde se realizó el servicio social, la investigación es de tipo observacional, descriptiva y transversal; la recolección de datos se realizó en el periodo de abril a septiembre del 2019; se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 25 para el vaciado, análisis e interpretación de resultados. Resultados: La mayoría de donadores fueron del sexo femenino (63.68%); las personas más afectadas fueron del área rural (79.25%); el rango de edad más frecuente fue entre los 21 y 30 años de edad (26.89%); la enfermedad que más prevalece en los pacientes es la hipertensión arterial (16.04%); el hábito deletéreo más frecuente fue tabaquismo (3.30%); la enfermedad oral con mayor frecuencia fue caries dental (95.51%); se obtuvo un nivel regular de higiene bucal en 147 pacientes (69.34%). Conclusiones: La principal causa de extracción fue caries dental y secuelas, el órgano dental con mayor número de extracción fue el diente 3-6, según características morfológicas de la corona y raíz del diente extraído se presentó caries cavitada y raíz completa sucesivamente.

To Determine the epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in public health facilities, located in Cuscatlán, La Paz, San Miguel and Morazán in 2019. Methodology: The study has a sample of 252 extracted dental organ in the Community Unit of Family Health (UCSF) where the social service was performed, the research is observational, descriptive and transversal; the data collection was done in the period from April to September 2019; The SPSS program version 25 was used for the emptying, analysis and interpretation of results. Results: Most of the donors were female (63.68%); the most affected people were from the rural areas (79.25%); the most frequent age range was between 21 and 30, (26.89%); the most prevalent disease in patients was arterial hypertension (16.04%); the most frequent deleterious habit was smoking (3.30%); the most frequent oral disease was dental caries (95.51%); a regular level of oral hygiene was obtained in 147 patients (69.34%). Conclusions: The main cause of extraction was dental caries and sequelae, the dental organ with the highest number of extraction was tooth 3-6, according to morphological characteristics of the crown and root of the extracted tooth there was cavitated caries and complete root successively.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de Salud Pública, ubicados en Santa Ana, San Salvador y San Vicente durante el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in Public Health facilities, located in Santa Ana, San Salvador and San Vicente during the year 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud pública, durante el año 2019. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 224 donadores de dientes humanos entre 7 a 71 o más años que acudieron a las UCSF de Chalchuapa, Planes de Renderos, Cuscatancingo, Vía Mariona y San Lorenzo. Fueron caracterizados según indicadores sociales, clínicos bucales e historia médica del donador, causas de extracción y características físicas de los dientes extraídos. La recolección de datos se realizó con cédulas de entrevista y guías de observación. Se realizaron 250 extracciones. Resultados: El sexo prevalente es el femenino con 68.75%, siendo la zona urbana más afectada con el 66.97% y el grupo etario de 21 a 30 años con 23.21%, el 14.73% presentó hipertensión arterial. Según los indicadores clínicos bucales, el 10.27% mostró bruxismo, siendo la caries dental la enfermedad más prevalente con un 91.96%, observando un nivel ISHO óptimo de 58.48%. La principal causa de extracción fue la caries dental con 67.20%, el diente extraído con mayor frecuencia fue el 4-6(FDI). Entre las características de la corona, el 64.4% presentaron caries cavitadas > 2 mm. Respecto a la raíz el 94.40% poseen raíz completa y el 44.40% 1 raíz. Conclusión: La caries dental es la principal causa de extracción afectando más a las mujeres de 21 a 30 años que residen en el área urbana, siendo el diente 4- 6 el más afectado.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in public health facilities during the year of 2019. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and transversal study of 224 donors of human teeth 7 to 71 years old or more who attended the UCSF of Chalchuapa, Planes de Renderos, Cuscatancingo, Via Mariona, and San Lorenzo. The participants were characterized according to social and oral clinical indicators, medical history of the donor, causes of extraction, and physical characteristics of the extracted teeth. Data collection was done with interview cards and observation guides. A total of 250 extractions were performed. Results: The prevalent sex is female with 68.75%, being the urban area the most affected with 66.97% and the age group from 21 to 30 years old with 23.21%, 14.73% of participants presented arterial hypertension. According to oral clinical indicators, 10.27% of participants showed bruxism, being dental cavities the most prevalent disease with 91.96%, observing an optimal ISHO level of 58.48%. The main cause of extraction was dental cavities with 67.20%, the 4-6 (FDI) was the most frequently extracted tooth. Among the characteristics of the crown, 64.4% presented cavitated cavities > 2 mm. In regard to the root, 94.40% had complete root and 44.40% had one root. Conclusions: Dental cavities are the main cause of extraction, affecting mainly women from 21 to 30 years old living in urban areas, being tooth 4-6 the most affected.

Perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de Salud Pública, ubicados en la Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador y Sonsonate, en el año 2019 / Epidemiological profile of donors of human teeth extracted in Public Health facilities, located in La Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador and Sonsonate, in 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes humanos extraídos en establecimientos de salud pública, ubicados en La Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador y Sonsonate en el año 2019. Metodología: La investigación es de tipo observacional, descriptiva y transversal; tuvo una muestra de 200 donadores y se determinaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas bucales y estado sistémico del donador, causas de extracción y características físicas de los dientes donados. Se llevó a cabo en UCSF La Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador y Sonsonate durante el período de mayo a agosto del 2019; utilizando el programa SPSS versión 25 para el vaciado, análisis e interpretación de resultados. Resultados: el 67.46% de los donadores fueron de sexo femenino, la mayoría de los donadores se encontraba entre las edades de 21 a 30 años con un 27.81% y eran de la zona rural con un 63.31%; la hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad con más frecuencia con un 18.93%; el más común de hábitos deletéreos fue el bruxismo con 26.63%; caries dental y sus secuelas fue la causa más frecuente de extracción con 57.5%. Conclusión: El perfil epidemiológico de los donadores de dientes fue en su mayoría del sexo femenino de edades entre 21 a 30 años, del área rural, la hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad más frecuente, se observó poca frecuencia de hábitos deletéreos y la mayor causa de extracción fue la caries dental y sus secuelas.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile human tooth extracted in public health facilities, located in La Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador and Sonsonate in 2019. Methodology: Research was observational, descriptive and transversal. It had a sample of 200 donors and sociodemographic variables, oral clinics and donor systemic status, causes of extraction and physical characteristics of the donated teeth were determined. It was held at UCSF La Unión, Cuscatlán, San Salvador and Sonsonate during the period from May to August 2019, using the SPSS version 25 program for emptying, analyzing and interpreting of results. Results: 67.46% of the donors were female, most of the donors were between the ages of 21 to 30 years with 27.81% and were from rural areas with 63.31%; high blood pressure was disease most frequent, 18.93%; the most common of deleterious habit was bruxism with 26.63%, tooth decay and its aftermath was the most common cause of extraction, with 57.5%. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of tooth donors was mostly female between 21 to 30, from rural areas, high blood pressure was the most common disease, infrequent deleterious habits were observed, and the biggest cause of extraction was tooth decay and its sequels.