ABSTRACT
Resumen El área de producción hortícola en proximidad a la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) es una de las más importantes a nivel nacional. Se reconocen dos modalidades de producción: agricultura industrial y agroecológica. En torno a cada modalidad productiva se observan entidades que se relacionan entre sí y que conforman estructuras cuyo funcionamiento condiciona el desarrollo local de la horticultura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar las entidades socio-institucionales que conforman el área de estudio para ambos modelos productivos. Para la definición del área de estudio se realizó revisión bibliográfica y se consideró el criterio de pensar la horticultura que se da en proximidad a la ciudad de Córdoba. Los datos para el procesamiento gráfico de la información fueron extraídos a partir de 27 entrevistas en profundidad. Se identificaron federaciones, cooperativas, asociaciones, instituciones/reparticiones estatales, fundaciones sin fines de lucro, universidades, organizaciones sociales, ferias y mercados. Se concluye sobre las potencialidades de la herramienta gráfica y cuestiones abiertas que deja este estudio para futuras investigaciones.
Abstract The area of horticulture production in proximity to Córdoba´s city (Argentine) is one of the most important at national level. We recognize two production modes: industrial agriculture and agroecology. Around each production mode we can observe entities that relate to each other and make up structures whose functioning conditions local horticulture development. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the socio-institutional entities that conform the study area for both productive models. To define the study area we did a bibliographic review and we considered the criterion of think in the horticulture that happens near Cordoba's city. The data to the graphic processing of the information were extracted from 27 in-depth interviews. We identified federations, cooperatives, associations, institutions/estate repartitions, non-profit foundations, universities, social organizations, fairs and markets. We conclude about the potentialities of this graphic tool and of the open issues that this study leaves for future investigations.
ABSTRACT
Every year, Brazil intensifies its activity in agriculture and, as a result, it has become one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world. The high rate of these substances raises environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, we collected papers from PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases, from 2015 to 2021. After a blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by two authors, 51 studies were included. Researchers from the South and the Southeast Brazilian regions contributed to most publications, from areas that concentrate agricultural commodity complexes. Among the pesticides described in the studies, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides were the most frequent. The articles reported multiple toxic effects, particularly in rural workers. The results obtained can be used to direct policies to reduce the use of pesticides, and to protect the health of the population.
Subject(s)
Herbicides , Insecticides , Pesticides , Agriculture/methods , Brazil , Herbicides/toxicity , Humans , Insecticides/toxicity , Pesticides/analysis , Pesticides/toxicityABSTRACT
Every year, Brazil intensifies its activity in agriculture and, as a result, it has become one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world. The high rate of these substances raises environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, we collected papers from PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases, from 2015 to 2021. After a blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by two authors, 51 studies were included. Researchers from the South and the Southeast Brazilian regions contributed to most publications, from areas that concentrate agricultural commodity complexes. Among the pesticides described in the studies, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides were the most frequent. The articles reported multiple toxic effects, particularly in rural workers. The results obtained can be used to direct policies to reduce the use of pesticides, and to protect the health of the population.
ABSTRACT
Nonhuman primates, our closest biological relatives, play important roles in the livelihoods, cultures, and religions of many societies and offer unique insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and the threat of emerging diseases. They are an essential component of tropical biodiversity, contributing to forest regeneration and ecosystem health. Current information shows the existence of 504 species in 79 genera distributed in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Alarmingly, ~60% of primate species are now threatened with extinction and ~75% have declining populations. This situation is the result of escalating anthropogenic pressures on primates and their habitats-mainly global and local market demands, leading to extensive habitat loss through the expansion of industrial agriculture, large-scale cattle ranching, logging, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building, and the construction of new road networks in primate range regions. Other important drivers are increased bushmeat hunting and the illegal trade of primates as pets and primate body parts, along with emerging threats, such as climate change and anthroponotic diseases. Often, these pressures act in synergy, exacerbating primate population declines. Given that primate range regions overlap extensively with a large, and rapidly growing, human population characterized by high levels of poverty, global attention is needed immediately to reverse the looming risk of primate extinctions and to attend to local human needs in sustainable ways. Raising global scientific and public awareness of the plight of the world's primates and the costs of their loss to ecosystem health and human society is imperative.
Subject(s)
Cercopithecidae , Ecosystem , Extinction, Biological , AnimalsABSTRACT
Sugar snap pea (Pisum sativum L. var. macrocarpon Ser.) is an edible-podded sweet pea that is being considered as a new totally mechanized crop to supply raw material to the agri-food industry of the Ebro Valley (Northern Spain). It is of great interest from an agronomic and commercial standpoint but neither its agronomic behaviour nor its adaptation to the area are known. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sowing date and seed density on the growth and yield of the sugar snap pea at industrial scale. Six randomized blocks experiments with four replicates were conducted on irrigated land in Villafranca (Navarra, Spain) in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Three experiments for testing sowing dates (Mar., Apr., and May) and another three for seed densities (from 75 to 150 plants m-2) were performed. Phenological development, thermal integral and qualitative and quantitative yield controls were performed. Sugar snap pea required 960 ºC d-1 (Tb = 3 ºC) from sowing to harvest. The early sowings gave more biomass, but yield was similar. However, Harvest Index and crop morphology varied. The sowing densities had similar yields sowing that sugar snap pea has a bigger adaptation availability. Sugar snap peas can be satisfactorily cultivated at industrial scale in the zone with sowings between Mar. and May and with seeding densities between 75 and 150 plants m-2.
ABSTRACT
Sugar snap pea (Pisum sativum L. var. macrocarpon Ser.) is an edible-podded sweet pea that is being considered as a new totally mechanized crop to supply raw material to the agri-food industry of the Ebro Valley (Northern Spain). It is of great interest from an agronomic and commercial standpoint but neither its agronomic behaviour nor its adaptation to the area are known. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sowing date and seed density on the growth and yield of the sugar snap pea at industrial scale. Six randomized blocks experiments with four replicates were conducted on irrigated land in Villafranca (Navarra, Spain) in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Three experiments for testing sowing dates (Mar., Apr., and May) and another three for seed densities (from 75 to 150 plants m-2) were performed. Phenological development, thermal integral and qualitative and quantitative yield controls were performed. Sugar snap pea required 960 ºC d-1 (Tb = 3 ºC) from sowing to harvest. The early sowings gave more biomass, but yield was similar. However, Harvest Index and crop morphology varied. The sowing densities had similar yields sowing that sugar snap pea has a bigger adaptation availability. Sugar snap peas can be satisfactorily cultivated at industrial scale in the zone with sowings between Mar. and May and with seeding densities between 75 and 150 plants m-2.