Status and prospects of product processing and sustainable utilization of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a migratory crustacean that grows in freshwater and reproduces in seawater. As a traditional aquatic product treasure in China, the industry of E. sinensis has become one of the unique freshwater fishery pillar industries. With years of development, a relatively complete industrial chain model has been initially formed, and its culture area, output and trade are constantly growing. However, the lag of aquatic product processing industry limits the large-scale development of the E. sinensis industry chain. In order to further explore the industry advantages and scale, it is urgent to vigorously develop the E. sinensis processing industry and promote the industrial optimization and upgrading. Moreover, strengthen scientific and technological support and reduce market risks by means of technological innovation to promote the healthy development of the industrial chain. This review expounds the current situation and existing problems of crab product processing in China, and the prospects of future product processing and sustainable utilization, in order to provide new insights for the large-scale development of E. sinensis industry chain.

Transformation path and promotion countermeasures of aerospace enterprise management strategy based on industrial chain integration.

With the rapid development of the aerospace field, the uncertainty, technical difficulty, significant shortening of the development cycle, parallel development and other characteristics of aerospace engineering are increasingly prominent, making the research and development management of aerospace engineering face unprecedented challenges, and the strategic management transformation has become an effective way to cope with complex environments. Strategic management is the art of decision-making and management, a method of allocating direction, objectives, tasks, policies and resources for overall and long-term development over a specific period of time. This paper not only studied the transformation path and improvement countermeasures of the management strategy of aerospace enterprises, but also studied the internal environment of the aerospace management strategy, the improvement mechanism of strategic leadership and the improvement countermeasures on the basis of integrating the industrial chain. Innovation in aerospace business models could then be promoted, and limited resources could be effectively integrated and allocated. Research and management capabilities could also be continuously improved, as well as the core competencies of aerospace enterprises, so as to ensure their long-term development. Taking the application and employment status of the aerospace profession, the education level of the personnel of aerospace enterprises, the proportion of each link of the industrial chain in the market size, the amount of aerospace technology imports, the market size and growth rate as the survey contents, the experiment showed that the amount of aerospace technology imports with the integration of the industrial chain has decreased by about 8.3 %.

[Evolution and implementation pathways from desertification prevention and control to sandy land management and use in China]. / 中国从防沙治沙到管沙用沙的演变过程与实现路径.

The construction of ecological civilization emphasizes holistic protection of "mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand", which has become an important concept of desertification prevention projects in arid and semi-arid areas of China. In the past, sandy land management and use have been neglected in desertification prevention and control, in that the links have not been effectively connected and the long-term and efficient desertification prevention has not been realized. Therefore, combining Qian Xuesen's understanding of "deserticulture", we comprehensively discussed the "long-term achievements" of China's desertification control miracle from the perspective of the historical evolution of the interaction of technology and practice, and the strategic development of policy guidance. Further, we defined the concepts of desertification prevention, desertification control, and sandy land management and use. We analyzed the coupling and coordination relationship between the four links and the scientific principle based on the development of ecological industry chain. Finally, we put forward the policy and market realization pathways, with efficient sandy land management as the core, desertification prevention as the basis, desertification control as the channel, and long-term sandy land use as the foundation. We expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for creating a new miracle of China's desertification prevention and control.

Synergistic disparities of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation in the industrial chain: Evidence from China's industrial sector.

The synergistic enhancement of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation (PRCM) is an inevitable requirement for China's ecological civilization construction. Existing studies primarily focus on macro-level research, and there is a relative lack of research specifically addressing the micro-level of industrial chains. Based on non-competitive IO tables, this study employed the structural path decomposition analysis method to analyze the synergistic disparities of the PRCM industry chain and its driving factors. The findings reveal: (1) The crucial emission industrial chains for CO2, SO2, and PM show a high overlap degree, accounting for 46.67 %, 46.67 %, 60.00 %, 50.00 %, and 56.67 % during 2002-2020. The PRCM industrial chains are operating at a low synergistic level, with proportions of only 13.33 %, 23.33 %, 20.00 %, and 16.67 %. PRCM exhibits a "similar origin with different paths" phenomenon. (2) China's carbon mitigation policies can reduce pollution, whereas pollution reduction policies have limited carbon mitigation effects. (3) The emission control effect is the primary disparate factor in PRCM synergy, while other factors exhibit consistent impact direction to three emissions. The study's conclusions and corresponding policy suggestions hold significant theoretical and practical implications for relevant authorities to systematically plan synergistic emission reduction pathways and establish targeted synergistic policies.

The Eco-Agricultural Industrial Chain: The Meaning, Content and Practices.

Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Resource-saving and environmentally friendly industrial structures, production, and living modes are pursued continuously for sustainable ecological development. According to the Second National Pollution-Source Survey, agricultural non-point pollution is still the most important source of the current water pollution. In order to improve the water environment and control the pollution, the meaning and content of the eco-agricultural industrial chain was introduced. Based on this conception, the eco-agricultural industrial chain, integrating a whole circular system with different sessions of crop farming, animal breeding, agricultural product processing, and rural living, was innovatively put forward to control the agricultural non-point pollution and protect the water environment systematically for the first time in this paper. The sustainable development was realized at a large scale from the reduction and harmlessness at the source, resource utilization in the process, and ecological restoration in the end. Core techniques were innovated based on the integration of agricultural industries to achieve the high-quality and green development of agriculture. The system included ecological breeding technologies, ecological cultivation technologies, as well as rural sewage treatment and recycling technologies, in the principle of reduce, reuse, and resource. Based on this, the agricultural production changed from the traditional mode of "resources-products-wastes" to the circulation pattern of "resources-products-renewable resources-products". Thus, the final aim could be achieved to realize the material's multilevel use and energy conversion in the system. The eco-agricultural industrial chain technology was proven to be efficient to achieve both the good control of agricultural non-point pollution and an effective improvement in the water quality.

Application of DNA barcoding to the entire traditional Chinese medicine industrial chain: A case study of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

BACKGROUND: Safety concerns, caused by complex and unpredictable adulterants, run through the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, the conventional circulation traceability system only focuses on a certain end or link at the back end of the TCM industrial chain, ignoring the integrity of the links cross the entire industrial chain and lacking traceability. In consequence, a strict and rational supervision system is urgently required for the entire industrial chain. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: We hypothesize that DNA barcoding would be a suitable measure for the traceability of adulterants in the entire TCM industrial chain. METHODS: In this study, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was selected as a model to establish a traceability system for the entire TCM industrial chain. A total of 110 samples, including leaves, seeds, roots, decoction pieces, and traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs), were collected upstream, midstream, and downstream of the entire industrial chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The ndhF-rpl32 fragment rather than the universal DNA barcodes, which could not distinguish the three original species of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, was selected as a specific DNA barcode to evaluate the practical application of DNA barcoding in the chain. RESULTS: The results showed that the ndhF-rpl32 fragment in all samples could be amplified and bi-directionally sequenced. Based on the standard operating procedures of DNA barcoding, the ndhF-rpl32 fragment clearly distinguished the seven Rheum species collected upstream of the entire industrial chain. For the samples collected midstream and downstream of the entire industrial chain, 25% of the 36 commercial decoction pieces samples were identified as adulterants, whereas the eight TCPM samples were all derived from genuine Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that DNA barcoding is a powerful and suitable technology that can be applied to trace TCMs in the entire industrial chain, thereby assuring clinical medication safety.

Factor reallocation and cost pass-through under the carbon emission trading policy: Evidence from Chinese metal industrial chain.

Piloted in 2013, the Carbon Emission Trading (CET) policy is the most practical tool for emission reduction in China, however, midstream firms increase capital investment to cope with compliance costs, resulting in more expensive intermediate commodities that may hurt export benefits of industrial chain terminal. Based on the A-shared listed firms of Chinese metal industrial chain during 2008-2018, this paper applies the difference-in-difference model to explore the effects of CET on chain reactions of corporate activities. After a set of robustness tests, the results show that midstream firms accelerate capital deepening in response to CET and become more capital-intensive, but gain losses of outputs both in revenue and in quantity, accompanying cost pass-through to downstream firms, which are all contributed by the external pressure imposed by stakeholders and internal incentive from senior managers. Then, affected by price fluctuation in markets of production factors and carbon-intensive commodities, CET increases the cleanliness standards of midstream firms and promote their export benefits immediately, and cost pass-through generates more expensive intermediate products and results in export contraction of downstream firms, but precision machine manufacturing has seen export growth, as their products are more sensitive to technological breakthroughs than material costs.

Effect of Phase Composition on Leaching Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Ceramics from Ferrochrome Slag and Tundish Slag.

Ferrochrome slag (FS) and tundish slag (TS) are two typical slags containing high contents of Cr2O3 (3.88 wt.%) and MnO (18.69 wt.%), respectively. In this study, batches of ceramics were prepared from FS and TS, and their Cr/Mn leaching behaviors, mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. Results showed that ceramics with 80 wt.% FS or 85 wt.% TS had acceptable properties. By controlling its composition and sintering temperature, pyroxene or spinel phases could become the main crystalline phases of the fired ceramics containing either of the two slags. For both slag series, pyroxene phases contributed to higher bending strengths, whereas spinel phases led to lower Cr/Mn leaching rates. Both ceramic containing 20 wt.% FS and ceramic containing 85 wt.% TS had the main crystals of pyroxene phases and possessed the highest bending strengths (FS20: 114.52 MPa and TS85: 124.61 MPa). However, both ceramic containing 80 wt.% FS and ceramic containing 25 wt.% TS with main crystals from the spinel phases had the lowest Cr/Mn leaching rates (FS80: Cr 0.05% and TS25: Mn 0.43%). Therefore, optimum designs for the compositions of ceramics from different slags were achieved by changing the proportions of pyroxene and spinel phases to obtain a balance between the high strengths of materials and the stable retention of heavy metal ions. This study provides an important basis for long-term research on the large-scale reuse of heavy metal-containing slags in the ceramic industry.

Fraud vulnerability quantitative assessment of Wuchang rice industrial chain in China based on AHP-EWM and ANN methods.

Vulnerability assessment has been used in the food fraud mitigation based on the subjective judgement of industry participants and simple calculation. To have a more objective result, an improved vulnerability quantitative assessment method was proposed. The overall fraud vulnerability was described by the vulnerability of fraud factors and the health and economic impact of fraud incidents. The fraud factors were related to opportunity, motivation and control measure. Analytic hierarchy process combined with entropy weighting method (AHP-EWM) and artificial neural networking (ANN) to improve judgment accuracy. In the application in Wuchang rice industrial chain, 51 fraud factors were used in the assessment and 10 experts, 36 farmers, 15 suppliers and 15 supervisors were interviewed. Results showed that Wuchang rice industrial chain was highly vulnerable to fraud. The opportunity for fraud was high, the motivation to commit it was moderate, and controls to prevent it needed reinforcing. Fraud vulnerability differed between farmers and suppliers. To reduce the fraud vulnerability, improved regulations and policies and stiffer penalties were strongly recommended.

Edible Plant Oil: Global Status, Health Issues, and Perspectives.

Edible plant oil (EPO) is an indispensable nutritional resource for human health. Various cultivars of oil-bearing plants are grown worldwide, and the chemical compositions of different plant oils are diverse. The extremely complex components in oils lead to diverse standards for evaluating the quality and safety of different EPOs. The environment poses great challenges to the EPO safety and quality during the entire industrial chain, including plant cultivation, harvesting, oil processing, and storage. Environmental risk factors include heavy metal or pesticide residue pollution, insect or harmful microbial infestation, and rancidity. Here, the diverse components in oil and various oil-producing processes are discussed, including plant species, oil yield, and composition complexity, environmental factors that degrade oil quality. Additionally, we propose a whole-industrial-chain monitoring system instead of current single-link-monitoring approach by monitoring and tracking the quality and safety of EPOs during the entire process of plant cultivation, raw materials harvest, oil process, and EPOs storage. This will provide guidance for monitoring the quality and safety of EPOs, which were challenged by the deteriorating environment.

Analysis and comments on current development situation of whole industry chain of Phyllanthus emblica from perspective of patents / 中草药

Phyllanthi Fructus is a dried and ripe fruit that comes from Phyllanthus emblica of Euphorbiaceae. It is a characteristic Chinese and Tibetan medicine and one of homologous varieties of medicine and food with the breeding potential and development value. Abundant patents of P. emblica have been applied in recent years, which have advantages in food and beverages with rich downstream product development. However, the upstream industry chain has weak patent protection with low patents conversion rate, and the basic research of patent application is weak. Therefore, technological breakthroughs and technical protection in the upstream and middle reaches of the industrial chain should be strengthened. At the same time, the quality of patents should be improved, the status of varieties of P. emblica should be enhanced, the collaboration between industry, university and research institute should be strengthened and the basic and applied research should be improved. Based on the Incopat global patent database, the combination of patent analysis method and SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the status and development trends of domestic and foreign patents applications in P. emblica industrial chain, with a view to providing a reference for the development and utilization of P. emblica in the new era, industry chain patent layout and related industries, and the improvement of international competitiveness.

SWOT analysis and commentary on Xanthii Fructus industrial chain from perspective of patents / 中草药

Xanthii Fructus (XF), the dry ripe involucrate fruit of Xanthium sibiricum, with the function of dispersing wind, dehumidification and dredging stuffy nose, plays an important role in the treatment of nasal diseases and has great development potential and market value. There were a large number of patents on XF in China with a wide range, which was in the leading position in the field of medicine. However, the patent development and basic research in the industrial chain and midstream reaches were relatively weak, the research was not deep enough, and the patent conversion rate was low. For the downstream products of XF, we should improve the quality of development and create the key products; The basic research in the upstream and midstream of the industrial chain should be combined with the application research, strengthen the technological breakthrough, enhance the awareness of patent protection and improve the patent quality in China. Based on the Incopat global patent database, the patent analysis method and SWOT analysis method were combined to analyze the current situation and development trend of patent application in XF industrial chain at home and abroad, to provide reference for the development and utilization of XF in the new era, the layout of industrial chain patents, and the improvement of international competitiveness of related industries.

Application of DNA barcoding technology in the whole industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

DNA barcoding technology, a method of identifying biological species through a standard sequence, is widely used in the identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), promoting the renaissance of TCM authentication discipline. The whole industrial chain of TCM includes three sections: the planting and collecting in the upstream chain, the production of TCM in the midstream chain and the circulation in the downstream chain. DNA barcoding technology, which possesses accurate, common, and objective advantages, plays an important role in the whole industrial chain of TCM. In the upstream, it is used to identify the seeds, seedlings and medicinal plants, ensuring the original source is correct. In the middle, it is used to identify Chinese medicinal materials, Chinese herbal slices and Chinese patent medicines, ensuring the materials of enterprises are correct and the clinical medication is safe. In the downstream, it participates in the establishment of traceability system for TCM, achieving the recording, inquiry and traceability of information. Therefore, DNA barcoding technology should help to control the whole production process, to protect the rights and interests of consumers and contribute to the supervision of TCM. Combined with some study cases in recent years, this paper introduces the application of DNA barcoding technology in the whole industrial chain of TCM, which is of great significance to promote the modernization of TCM industry and their internationalization.

Current Status and Prospect of Discipline Construction of Herbgenomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Herbgenomics is an interdisciplinary subject between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and genomics.It is a comprehensive discipline covering multi-omics research in both medicinal organisms of TCM and the relationship of TCM to human body.It has been widely used in the research fields of medicinal model organisms,synthetic biology of TCM,identification of TCM molecules and breeding of medicinal plant cultivars,pharmacokinetics,and the study on the geoherbalism and medicinal of TCM.With the release of important documents,such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on TCM and the Outline of TCM Development Strategy(2016-2030),the Chinese medicine industry has entered a new and high-level development opportunity and the herbgenomic research area has got a landmark achievement.The training of well-rounded students and researchers is a key point for the development of TCM industry and the reform of medical colleges and universities.Therefore,the establishment of herbgenomics is particularly important for the modernization of TCM.At present,many colleges and universities have set up the course of Herbgenomics among graduate students and undergraduates,and initially formed a distinctive herbal genomics talent training system.This paper introduces the herbgenomics from the progress of the research,the development of teaching courses,the background of the textbook,the main content and key technologies of the discipline and the prospect of discipline construction,in order to provide theoretical basis and methodological support for the discipline construction,personal training and scientific research of herbgenomics.

Problems and Countermeasures of Innovative Development of Southern Medicine Industry in Zhaoqing City / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river.Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain.Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing.Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980s.Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines,namely,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing.Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad.Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,there still exist lots of problems for its future development,such as scattering planting instead of overall program,impure germplasm resources,plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products.This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions.These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.