Effectiveness and safety of a simple catheter securement device aimed at preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) recommend urinary catheter securement in critical patients although there is scant research on its effectiveness. AIM: To analyse whether securement of an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) reduces the risk of CAUTI and meatal pressure injury among intensive care unit (ICU) patients and assess medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) associated with the securement device. STUDY DESIGN: Open randomized controlled trial involving patients admitted to two ICUs in Spain. In the intervention group (n = 169 patients), the IUC was secured to the thigh using an in-house device piloted as part of this trial. Controls (n = 181) received standard care, including non-securement of the IUC. Barrier film spray was applied to the securement site with the aim of preventing MARSI. The definitions of the main outcomes were: CAUTI was diagnosed according to the criteria of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, meatal pressure injury was categorized into four grades and MARSI was classified as either erythema or skin tears. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Log-rank and Cox regressions were used to compare risk over time to CAUTI and meatal pressure injury in the two groups. RESULTS: Data from 350 patients were analysed, 169 (48.29%) from IG and 181 (51.71%) from CG. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, IUC securement was an independent protective factor against both CAUTI (RR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.05, 0.67]) and meatal pressure injury (RR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.15, 0.58]). The incidence of MARSI was 7.1%. CONCLUSION: Effective IUC securement significantly reduces the risk of CAUTI and meatal pressure injury among ICU patients. The in-house device piloted in the present trial is simple for nurses to use, and the incidence of MARSI was low. These results underline the benefits of IUC securement. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) securement reduces the risk of urinary tract infection. IUC securement helps prevent meatal pressure injury. IUC securement with in-house devices is safe and effective.

Urinary catheter alleviation navigator protocol (UCANP): Update to the hospital-wide implementation at a single tertiary health care center.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are commonly reported health care-associated infections. It was demonstrated that the urinary catheter alleviation navigator protocol (UCANP) pilot resulted in a reduction of catheter utilization and catheter days. METHODS: Quality improvement initiative that was implemented at a single urban, tertiary health care center, focusing on early discontinuation of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) and avoidance of reinsertion. The protocol was expanded hospital-wide from September 2020 to April 2022. We compared IUC utilization, IUC standardized utilization ratio (SUR), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection standardized infection ratio in the preintervention period (March 2020 to August 2020) to the postintervention period (May 2022 to October 2022). RESULTS: Preimplementation, 2 patients with IUC removal were placed on UCANP. Postimplementation, 835 (45%) patients with IUC removal participated in the protocol. The number of patients requiring IUC reinsertion did not differ among the 2 groups. IUC utilization was significantly decreased from 0.28 to 0.24 with a 14% reduction (P = .025). SUR decreased by 11% from 0.778 to 0.693 (P = .007) and standardized infection ratio by 84% from 0.311 to 0.049 (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol significantly reduced IUC utilization and SUR after hospital-wide implementation. UCANP is a safe and effective strategy that can potentially decrease unnecessary IUCs in patients with transient urinary retention.

Development and psychometric evaluation of an expanded urinary catheter self-management scale: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To develop and test the psychometric properties of an expanded catheter self-management scale for patients with in-dwelling urinary catheters. DESIGN: A cross-sectional validation study. Despite the utility of the original 13-item catheter self-management scale, this instrument did not include bowel management, general hygiene and drainage bag care, which are fundamental skills in urinary catheter self-management to prevent common problems resulting in unnecessary hospital presentations. The expanded catheter self-management scale was developed with 10 additional items to comprehensively assess all five essential aspects of urinary catheter self-management. METHODS: A total of 101 adult community-dwelling patients living with indwelling urinary catheters were recruited from Western Sydney, Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation, the number of factors to be extracted from the expanded 23-item expanded catheter self-management scale was determined using a scree plot. The reliability of the overall scale and subscales was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlations between clinical characteristics, overall scale and subscales. RESULTS: The 23-item expanded catheter self-management scale yielded a 5-factor solution, labelled as: (i) self-monitoring of catheter function, (ii) proactive, help-seeking behaviour function, (iii) bowel self-care function, (iv) hygiene-related catheter site function and (v) drainage bag care function. Cronbach's alpha of the expanded catheter self-management scale indicating all 23 items contributed to the overall alpha value. Convergent validity results showed a negative correlation between the overall expanded catheter self-management scale and catheter-related problems. CONCLUSION: The 5-factor structure provided a comprehensive assessment of key aspects of urinary catheter self-management essential to reduce the likelihood of catheter-related hospital presentations. IMPLICATIONS: The expanded catheter self-management scale can be used to assess and monitor effective patient-centred interventions for optimal self-management to prevent catheter-related problems and improve the quality of life of patients. IMPACT: Many patients start their journey of living with a urinary catheter unexpectedly and are not supported with quality information to care for their catheter. The findings of this study show the correlation between catheter self-management skills and catheter-related problems. The expanded catheter self-management scale (E-CSM) assists with analysing the self-management skills of patients living with a catheter and developing tailored interventions to prevent problems and improve their quality of life. In addition, this screening tool can be included in policies, guidelines, and care plans as a standard for improving catheter management and developing educational resources for patients. REPORTING METHOD: STROBE checklist was used to report all aspects of this study comprehensively and accurately. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients living with indwelling urinary catheter and their carers have participated in surveys, interviews and co-designing interventions. This paper reports the psychometric analysis of the expanded catheter self-management scale (E-CSM) used in the patient survey as part of the main study 'Improving Quality of Life of Patients Living with Indwelling Urinary Catheters: IQ-IDC Study' (Alex et al. in Collegian, 29:405-413, 2021). We greatly value our consumers' contributions and continue to communicate the progress of the study to them. Their contributions will be acknowledged in all publications and presentations. In addition, all participants will be provided the option of receiving the interventions and publications generated from this study.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) reduction in a neuroscience intensive care unit: A multidisciplinary approach.

Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to identify catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) risks in Neuroscience intensive care patients admitted for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, our CAUTI rate decreased from 5.903 per 1,000 catheter days (June 2020-June 2021) to 0.371 per 1,000 catheter days in our postintervention time period (July 2021-March 2023). A review of our clinical treatment guideline to optimize the timing of indwelling urinary catheters and medication management related to bowel regimens has resulted in a sustained CAUTI reduction, particularly in postaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients in the Neuroscience intensive care unit.

Postoperative urinary leakage after bilateral totally extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy in a patient with a healed cystostomy and appendectomy: A case report.

We report a case of postoperative urinary leakage after bilateral laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) herniorrhaphy. A man in his upper 80s with a healed cystostomy and appendectomy underwent bilateral TEP herniorrhaphy. Urinary leakage was noted by ultrasound examination 4 days after bilateral TEP. Cystography and computed tomography conclusively confirmed a 6-mm extraperitoneal fistula at the site of the previous cystostomy. The fistula involved the anterior bladder wall and was associated with an extended urinoma. The patient was treated by indwelling catheterization using a Foley catheter and repeated ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration of the inguinal effusion at the bedside. The patient was completely healed 69 days after the operation with no mesh infection or bladder dysfunction. We believe that urinary leakage is possible after TEP herniorrhaphy in patients with a healed suprapubic cystostomy. Therefore, indwelling catheterization using a Foley catheter should be implemented before surgery, and the Foley catheter can be removed within 1 week after surgery if no postoperative urinary leakage is observed. A history of suprapubic cystotomy should not be regarded as a contraindication for TEP surgery. This is the first report of urinary leakage after bilateral TEP herniorrhaphy in a patient with a healed cystostomy and appendectomy.

Purple Urine Bag Syndrome in a Home-Dwelling Elderly Female with Lumbar Compression Fracture: A Case Report.

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an uncommon, but usually benign, underrecognized clinical condition with the distressing presentation of purple, blue or reddish discoloration of a patient's catheter bag and tubing in the setting of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). PUBS is the result of the complex metabolic pathway of the dietary essential amino acid tryptophan. Its urinary metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is converted into red and blue byproducts (indirubin and indigo) in the presence of the bacterial enzymes indoxyl sulfatase and phosphatase. The typical predisposing factors are numerous and include the following: female gender, advanced age, long-term catheterization and immobilization, constipation, institutionalization, dementia, increased dietary intake of tryptophan, chronic kidney disease, alkaline urine, and spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we present a case of PUBS in a home-dwelling elderly female patient with a history of long-term immobility after a pathological spinal fracture, long-term catheterization, constipation, and malignant disease in remission. Urine culture was positive for Proteus mirabilis. This state can be alarming to both patients and physicians, even if the patient is asymptomatic. Healthcare professionals and caregivers need to be aware of this unusual syndrome as an indicator of bacteriuria in order to initiate proper diagnostics and treatment.

Impact of early postoperative indwelling urinary catheter removal: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Indwelling urinary catheters (IDUCs) are associated with complications and early removal is therefore essential. Currently, it is unknown what the effect of a specific removal time is and what the consequences of this removal time are. RESEARCH QUESTION: To present an overview of the available evidence to determine the effects of three postoperative IDUC removal times (after a certain number of hours, at a specific time of day and flexible removal time) on the development of complications in hospital. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Emcare and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched till 6 June, 2021. Studies were included that described the effect of the removal time in relation to re-catheterisation, urinary tract infections (UTIs), ambulation time, time of first voiding and hospital stay. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care. A narrative descriptive analysis was performed. PRISMA guidelines were followed in reporting this review. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included from which 18 compared removal after a number of hours, 1 reported on a specific removal time and 1 reported on both topics. The results were contradicting regarding the hypothesis that later removal increases the incidence of UTIs. Earlier removal does not lead to a higher re-catheterisation rate while immediate removal is beneficial for reducing the time to first ambulation and shortening the hospital stay. Studies reporting on specific removal times did not find differences in outcomes. No study addressed flexible removal time. CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence that earlier removal results in less UTIs, despite the incidence of UTIs increasing if the IDUC is removed ≥24 h. Immediate or after 1-2 day(s) removal does not lead to higher re-catheterisation rates while immediate removal results in earlier ambulation and shorter length of hospital stay. IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS: Nurses should focus on early IDUC removal while being aware of urinary retention.

Decreasing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) at a community academic medical center using a multidisciplinary team employing a multi-pronged approach during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the midst of the COVID - 19 pandemic, a multidisciplinary team implemented evidence-based strategies to eliminate catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance definition for those units included in the NHSN standardized infection ratio. The team evaluated indwelling urinary catheters daily for indication, implemented a urinary catheter order set, established a urinary catheter insertion checklist, and promoted use of external urinary diversion devices. The facility NHSN standardized infection ratio for CAUTI was 0.37 in 2019, 0.23 in 2020, and 0.00 in 2021. A collaborative approach decreasing hospital acquired infections may be effective even in a climate of increased acuity, increased length of stay, and staffing challenges.

[Factors Associated With Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit].

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) commonly occurs in intensive care units (ICU) and is associated with longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with CAUTI in ICU patients. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a study on the usage of indwelling catheters in adult internal and surgical ICU patients at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan conducted between January 1 and December 31, 2017. Descriptive analysis, the independent t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with CAUTI. RESULTS: Of the 1,120 patients with an indwelling urinary catheter in the ICU, 330 revealed a positive urine culture result, indicating a 29.5% prevalence of CAUTI. The average duration of indwelling urinary catheter usage was 6.55 (SD = 4.89) days. The participants averaged 69.93 years old (SD = 15.19 years), and 627 (56.0%) were men and 493 (44.0%) were women. Being female, having diabetes, having a large indwelling urinary catheter, having a longer duration of indwelling urinary catheter usage, and being unable to remove the indwelling urinary catheter during the ICU stay were found to be associated with a significantly higher risk of CAUTI. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Women and patients with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to CAUTI. Thus, urinary catheters should be used with caution. Using smaller-sized urinary catheters and reducing the duration of urinary catheter use are suggested. The results of this study may be used to guide clinical practice to help reduce the incidence of CAUTI and enhance overall healthcare service quality.

Life with an Indwelling Urinary Catheter: Experiences from Male Patients Attending the Urology Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Northwestern Tanzania-A Qualitative Study.

Experiences from patients living with a long-term indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) at home among men attending urology clinics have not been reported. Evidence-based information on such experiences is important for improving nursing care in low- and middle-income countries such as Tanzania. Using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative research design, we observed two main themes: "Adjustments to positive living with a catheter at home", denoting that social interaction and psychological and spiritual support are important to positively live with the catheter, and "The home environment influences negative or positive living", considering intimacy and altered body image to significantly influence the ability to practice sex, leading to wives' self-sacrifice. Respondents experienced difficulties in living with a long-term IUC at home due to a lack of information from healthcare professionals on how to manage their catheters and urine bags. In adjusting to positive or negative living with a catheter at home, respondents had to figure out strategies to minimize psychological and emotional trauma and hasten the adjustment process. A clear guideline or checklist is needed to ensure that all important information is provided by health professionals at the time of discharge and during subsequent visits to patients on how to care for the catheter insertion sites and help them adjust to living with a long-term IUC.

Removal of Indwelling Urinary Catheter Two Days After Colovesical Fistula Repair: a Single-Arm Prospective Trial.

BACKGROUND: Colovesical fistulas are uncommon but associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. In cases with diverticular etiology, surgical management involves single-stage colonic resection with anastomosis and simple or no bladder repair. No single approach to postoperative bladder management has been widely accepted. Although historically a Foley catheter remained in place for about 2 weeks, elevated risk of the attendant complications has motivated exploring shorter durations. This study examined the feasibility and safety of removing the Foley catheter on postoperative day two. METHODS: Patients with colovesical fistula due to diverticular disease undergoing colectomy with simple or no bladder repair were enrolled in this single-arm prospective trial conducted at a large community health system. The primary outcome was removal of the Foley catheter on postoperative day two after negative cystogram without re-insertion prior to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were complications after Foley catheter removal and hospital length of stay. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated for the outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were enrolled. About half (54%) of procedures were open, with 33% requiring simple bladder repair. Ninety-six percent (95% confidence interval, 79-99%) of patients had their Foley catheter removed on postoperative day two after a negative cystogram. There were no complications. Mean (range) hospital length of stay was 4.3 (2-6) days. DISCUSSION: Foley catheter removal after negative cystogram on postoperative day two appears to be feasible and safe in the setting of diverticulitis-related colovesical fistula repair. Further research on a larger number of patients should confirm these findings.

Large amounts of debris in the neuropathic bladder in persons with spinal cord injury; value of ultrasound scan in detection and management of vesical debris.

Persons with spinal cord injury are at risk for developing debris in the neuropathic bladder. Ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder helps to (1) detect debris, (2) differentiate debris from other bladder lesions, (3) alert the spinal cord physician to review bladder management, and (4) monitor the effect of various treatment regime to clear the debris. We present 4 cases to illustrate the sonographic appearances of debris in the neuropathic bladder and how treatment plans tailored to the needs of the individual patient helped to clear the debris.

Coating indwelling urinary catheters with moxifloxacin prevents biofilm formation by Burkholderia cepacia.

BACKGROUND: Burkholderia cepacia adhesion and biofilm formation onto abiotic surfaces is an important feature of clinically relevant isolates. The in vitro biofilm formation of B. cepacia onto coated indwelling urinary catheters (IDCs) with moxifloxacin has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVES: To examine the ability of B. cepacia to form biofilms on IDCs and the effect of coating IDCs with moxifloxacin on biofilm formation by B. cepacia in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The adhesion of B. cepacia to coated and uncoated IDCs with moxifloxacin was evaluated. Pieces of IDCs were coated with moxifloxacin (adsorption method). The spectrophotometric method was used to check moxifloxacin leaching into tubes. Coated and uncoated tubes were incubated with 107 colony forming units (cfu)/mL of B. cepacia. The viable bacterial count was used to count the number of bacteria adhered to coated and uncoated IDC pieces. RESULTS: A significant adhesion of B. cepacia to uncoated IDC pieces started 15 min after the incubation in a bacterial suspension (107 cfu/mL). A maximum adhesion was observed at 48 h. The pretreatment of IDCs with 100 µg/mL of moxifloxacin produced the best adsorption of antibiotic onto the IDCs. Coating IDC pieces with moxifloxacin significantly reduced the adhesion and biofilm formation of B. cepacia (p < 0.05) at various time intervals (1 h, 4 h and 24 h). CONCLUSIONS: The present study has demonstrated for the first time that coated IDCs with moxifloxacin reduce B. cepacia adhesion and biofilm formation. This finding has opened the door to the production of the new generation IDCs that prevent bacteria from attaching and forming biofilms.

How to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: A Reappraisal of Vico's Theory-Is History Repeating Itself?

New, contextualized modern solutions must be found to solve the dilemma of catheter-associated urinary infection (CAUTI) in long-term care settings. In this paper, we describe the etiology, risk factors, and complications of CAUTI, explore different preventive strategies proposed in literature from the past to the present, and offer new insights on therapeutic opportunities. A care bundle to prevent CAUTI mainly consists of multiple interventions to improve clinical indications, identifying a timeline for catheter removal, or whether any alternatives may be offered in elderly and frail patients suffering from chronic urinary retention and/or untreatable urinary incontinence. Among the various approaches used to prevent CAUTI, specific urinary catheter coatings according to their antifouling and/or biocidal properties have been widely investigated. Nonetheless, an ideal catheter offering holistic antimicrobial effectiveness is still far from being available. After pioneering research in favor of bladder irrigations or endovesical instillations was initially published more than 50 years ago, only recently has it been made clear that evidence supporting their use to treat symptomatic CAUTI and prevent complications is needed.

Using statistical process control charts to measure changes from a nurse-driven protocol to remove urinary catheters.

BACKGROUND: Implementing a nurse-driven protocol (NDP) to remove indwelling urinary catheters is a strategy to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The purpose of this project was to implement a comprehensive NDP to reduce indwelling urinary catheter utilization and CAUTI rates at a large academic health system. METHODS: Statistical process control charts, a quality improvement method, was used to identify special cause variation. A formal protocol was developed to provide guidance for nurses to remove indwelling urinary catheters when no longer indicated. Changes were also made within the electronic health record. RESULTS: Signals of improvement were not noted on the Statistical process control charts for urinary catheter utilization or CAUTI rates. The frequency with which the NDP was documented (process measure) was assessed, showing it is used approximately 600 times each month. Of those catheters removed by the NDP, an average of 6% were reinserted within 48 hours (balancing measure). DISCUSSION: Our findings differed from other literature as we did not see a reduction in urinary catheter utilization after implementing a NDP. However, our project adds to the literature as we also evaluated process and balancing measures. CONCLUSIONS: A NDP for urinary catheter removal provides nurses with the autonomy to remove catheters when no longer indicated; however, other interventions should be added to a comprehensive CAUTI-prevention program.

Effectiveness and safety of a program for appropriate urinary catheter use in stroke care: A multicenter prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Since patients with stroke frequently develop bladder dysfunction, a careful approach is required to reduce unnecessary indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a program to promote appropriate IUC use in stroke care. METHODS: We conducted a prospective interrupted time series study in three tertiary care hospitals in Japan. Adult patients with acute stroke were eligible. The study consisted of three phases: baseline, education and implementation. Our program included an assessment of IUC indications, educational meetings among healthcare professionals, reminders for removal of inappropriate IUC and a urinary retention protocol. The primary outcome was the proportion of inappropriate IUC use to assess effectiveness. The device utilization ratio and incidence of CAUTI were examined to assess effectiveness, and incidences of urinary retention and all symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) were examined to assess safety. RESULTS: Among 976 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 738 were analysed. Inappropriate IUC use decreased from 50.1% in the baseline phase to 22.5% in the implementation phase (absolute risk reduction in interrupted time series analysis 42.4% [95% confidence interval, 19.2%-65.6%]). The device utilization ratio decreased from 0.302 to 0.194 (p < 0.001), whereas CAUTI did not change significantly (from 8.81 to 8.28 per 1000 catheter-days; incidence rate ratio 0.95 [0.44-1.94]). All symptomatic UTI decreased from 9.5% to 4.9% (p = 0.015), with no increase in urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: Our program improved the appropriateness of IUC use in stroke care while ensuring safety.

A single institution pre-/post-comparison after introduction of an external urinary collection device for female medical patients.

Background: External urinary collection devices (EUCDs) may serve as an alternative to indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) and decrease the rate of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). PureWick® is a novel female EUCD; however, no study has definitively proven benefit regarding reduction of CAUTIs. Aim: We sought to compare the CAUTI rate and IUC days before and after availability of the PureWick® EUCD at a single institution. We provide a descriptive analysis of female medical patients receiving an EUCD. Methods: A retrospective review of adult female patients admitted to a single institution on a medical service who received an IUC and/or an EUCD was performed. Patients who received an IUC in the 3 months before EUCD availability (PRE) were compared to patients who received an IUC and/or EUCD in the 12 months after (POST). Results: Out of 848 female patients, 292 received an EUCD in the POST cohort and overall, 656 received an IUC (259 (100%) PRE vs. 397 (67.4%) POST). Compared to the PRE cohort, the POST cohort had a higher number of IUC days (median, 3 vs 2 days, p = 0.001) and a higher rate of CAUTI (infections per 1000 catheter days, 9.3 vs 2.3, p = 0.001). The rate of UTI associated with EUCD use was 9.8 infections per 1000 device days. Discussion: While EUCDs might appear to be a promising alternative to IUCs for female patients, this single center pre-/post-analysis found that both the number of IUC days and the CAUTI rate increased after introduction of a female EUCD.

The Role of Intraoperative Urinary Catheters on Postoperative Urinary Retention after Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Multi-Hospital Retrospective Study on 9,580 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Urinary catheters (UC) are used by some surgeons during total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study investigated the impact of intraoperative urinary catheters on postoperative urinary retention (POUR) following TJA cases. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective comparative study across 11 medical centers on 9,580 TJA patients. Visits to urgent care or the emergency department within 7 and 30 postoperative days were reviewed. Medical records over a 12-month period for all patients older than 18 years old were used to gather demographic and surgical data as well as the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Chi-squared tests (RStudio) were used to determine statistical significance against P-Values (P) < 0.05. RESULTS: 13 (0.14%) patients returned within 7 days for POUR. POUR was more common in males [10 (0.3%) vs. 3 (0.1%) females, (P = 0.01)]. There was no difference in POUR when comparing total hip and knee arthroplasty procedures [0.16% vs. 0.12%, (P = 0.60)]. Of all operations, 25% had intraoperative UC use. There was no difference in POUR between the UC and no UC groups [0.21 vs. 0.11%, (P = 0.26)]. However, there was an increase in UTI in UC vs. no UC use within 7 postoperative days [0.92 vs. 0.43%, (P = 0.005)] and 30 postoperative days [2.60 vs. 1.50 %, (P < 0.001)]. CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no difference in POUR rates between the intraoperative UC vs. no UC groups. Therefore, the use of intraoperative UC may not decrease the rate of POUR following TJA procedures. Additionally, UTI risk was higher in the UC group which may be attributable to other factors, especially when comparing female vs. male patients.

[Catheters in urology: Indications and management in daily practice for the nurse]. / Les sondes en urologie : indications et prise en charge infirmière.

The urology nurse cares for patients wearing many different types of urinary catheters. Her role in the management of these devices in external care, clinical units, operating room or at home is fundamental. We performed a state of the art of good practices and of the up to date knowledge regarding the indication, placement, and specific care of these devices, which are every day more numerous on the market. Indwelling bladder catheter are placed, daily managed and removed by nurses, depending on an initial medical indication. The type of catheter must be adapted to the patient and to the clinical situation. Its daily care and management should allow not only the best comfort for the patient, but also an efficient management of the associated infectious risk. The placement of ureteral catheters (simple monoJ, double J or nephrostomy), are mainly of surgical initial indication. We developed what we thought was compulsory knowledge about them for an operating theater's nurse. The associated care for urology's nurses is also detailed. This inventory of available urinary catheter's, of their indications and management, aims to be a help for the urology nurse in her daily practice. Her/his role is essential in the choice of the adequate catheter and in its correct management, not only for the urologist but also for the patient himself.