Úlcera solitaria de ciego como etiología poco frecuente de abdomen agudo inflamatorio quirúrgico / Solitary cecal ulcer as a rare cause of acute surgical abdomen

RESUMEN Las úlceras solitarias de ciego (USC) son infrecuentes y no se registran aún en la literatura de la Ar gentina. Existen informes de casos y pequeñas series en otros países. Son de etiología desconocida y diagnóstico diferencial amplio. En este caso se resolvió mediante una hemicolectomía derecha supra selectiva por laparotomía de emergencia.

ABSTRACT Solitary cecal ulcers (SCUs) are rare and no cases have been published in Argentina. Few cases or series have been reported in other countries. The etiology is unknown and many other diseases must be ru led out before making the diagnosis. This case was solved with selective right hemicolectomy through laparotomy in an emergency basis.

Study of the use of IVIG Normal Human Immunoglobulin in the La Samaritana University Hospital during the period of 2017-2019 / Estudio de utilización de Inmunoglobulina Humana Normal IGIV en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana durante el periodo de 2017-2019 / Estudo de utilização de Imunoglobulina Humana Intravenosa Inespecífica (IGIV) no Hospital Universitário da Samaritana (HUS) durante o período 2017-2019

SUMMARY Introduction: Non-specific intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a valuable therapeutic resource in specific pathologies, however, there are pathological conditions for which there is not yet a defined therapeutic strategy and due to similarity or biological plausibility, some prescribers end up using it. Aim: To identify the indications for which IVIG has been prescribed in the HUS. Methodology: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was performed with retrospective collection of information between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Materials and methods: 180 medical records were reviewed, demographic characterization of the study, clinical and pharmacological population of patients who have been prescribed at least one dose of immunoglobulin. In addition, the indications proposed in the clinical history were compared with the indications approved by regulatory authority (Invima). Results: It was determined that the population with the highest predominance to which IVIG was prescribed in the HUS, were women in young adulthood. Likewise, the use of IVIG presented a higher frequency in patients with idiopathic purple thrombocytopenia (ITP), Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and neonatal jaundice due to other existing hemolysis specified as main diagnoses. The indications for which there is an Invima approval are nonspecific, which means that there is no defined therapeutic strategy with IVIG and therefore that prescribers for similarity or biological plausibility turn out to be using it, for uses not indicated in the sanitary registry (UNIRS), which represented 71 % of indications for which IVIG was prescribed in HUS. Conclusion: The indications for the most prescription with IVIG were idiopathic purple thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The non-prescribed use of IVIG in this study reached a figure of 71%.

RESUMEN Introducción: La inmunoglobulina humana intravenosa inespecífica (IGIV) es un valioso recurso terapéutico en patologías específicas, sin embargo, existen condiciones patológicas para las que aún no existe una estrategia terapéutica definida y por similitud o plausibilidad biológica algunos prescriptores terminan usándola. Objetivo: Identificar las indicaciones para las cuales se ha prescrito inmunoglobulina humana inespecífica intravenosa (IGIV) en el HUS. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con recolección retrospectiva de la información entre enero 1 de 2017 hasta diciembre 31 de 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron 180 historias clínicas, de pacientes a quienes se les prescribió al menos una dosis de inmunoglobulina, se realizó una caracterización demográfica, clínica y farmacológica de la población estudio. Además, se comparó las indicaciones descritas en la historia clínica con las indicaciones aprobadas por el Invima. Resultados: Se identificó a mujeres adultas jóvenes como población a quienes se le prescribió IGIV con mayor frecuencia. Asimismo, las indicaciones para la que se prescribe IGIV con mayor frecuencia fueron la purpura trombocitopenia idiopática (PTI), síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) e ictericia neonatal debida a otras hemolisis existentes. Las indicaciones aprobadas por la agencia regulatoria colombiana (Invima) son inespecíficas por lo que el uso de la IGIV es prescrito ya sea por similitud o plausibilidad biológica, lo cual puede explicar el uso no prescrito que en este estudio alcanzó la cifra del 71%. Conclusión: Las indicaciones de mayor prescripción con IGIV fue purpura trombocitopenia idiopática (PTI) y síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). El uso no prescrito de IGIV en este estudio alcanzó la cifra del 71%.

RESUMO Introdução: A imunoglobulina humana intravenosa inespecífica (IGIV) é um recurso terapêutico valioso em patologias específicas, porém existem condições patológicas para as quais ainda não há estratégia terapêutica definida e devido à semelhança ou plausibilidade biológica alguns prescritores acabam por indica-la. Objetivo: Identificar as indicações para as quais a imunoglobulina humana intravenosa inespecífica (IGIV) foi prescrita no HUS. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal descritivo com coleta retrospectiva de informações entre 1° de janeiro de 2017 e 31 de dezembro de 2019. Materiais e métodos: foram revisados 180 prontuários de pacientes que receberam prescrição de pelo menos uma dose de imunoglobulina, foi realizada uma caracterização demográfica, clínica e farmacológica da população em estudo. Além disso, as indicações descritas no prontuário foram comparadas com as indicações aprovadas pelo Invima. Resultados: Mulheres adultas jovens foram identificadas como a população que recebeu IGIV com maior frequência. Da mesma forma, as indicações para as quais a IGIV foi mais frequentemente prescrita foram trombocitopenia roxa idiopática (PTI), síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), lúpus eritematoso sistémico (LES) e icterícia neonatal devido a outras hemólises existentes. As indicações aprovadas pela agência reguladora colombiana (Invima) são inespecíficas, portanto o uso de IGIV é prescrito seja por semelhança ou plausibilidade biológica, o que pode explicar o uso off" label, que neste estudo atingiu a cifra de 71%. Conclusão: As indicações para a maior prescrição de IGIV foram a trombocitopenia roxa idiopática (PTI) e a síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). O uso off" label de IGIV neste estudo atingiu a cifra de 71%.

Cien años de vacuna BCG / One hundred years of BCG vaccine

Resumen La vacuna BCG fue administrada por primera vez en 1921, en París, a un recién nacido de madre tuberculosa. Entre 1924 y 1960, el Instituto Pasteur entregó cultivos de BCG a más de 50 labora torios de todo el mundo. En 1925, el Dr. Andrés Arena lo introdujo en Argentina, donde se comenzó a producir y aplicar la vacuna a recién nacidos por vía oral. La cepa original sufrió múltiples cambios genéticos que no parecen haber afectado su eficacia protectora, establecida aun sin que se conociera el mecanismo de acción. En Argentina, un estudio (1978-1985) demostró que la BCG previene la TB primaria en general, y en un 100% la meningitis y otras localizaciones extrapulmonares. Su efecto es independiente de las medidas de control de la TB (detección de casos y tratamiento). Además, BCG provee protección inespecífica contra diversas enfermedades infecciosas y se la usa en el tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga. En 2020 ya se habían establecido por lo menos cinco tecnologías para el desarrollo de vacunas anti-TB: vacunas celulares, de subunidades proteicas, de ácidos nucleicos, con vector adenovirus, y con virus influenza recombinante como vector. Actualmente hay más de 20 vacunas candidatas anti-TB en evaluación. La historia enseña, y la pandemia de COVID-19 ha confirmado que la vacunación es un instrumento fundamental para el control de las enfermedades infecciosas. Y hasta que haya disponible otra más eficaz, BCG seguirá figurando en el Calendario de Vacunación Nacional, para ser aplicada al recién nacido.

Abstract The BCG vaccine was given for the first time in 1921, in Paris, to a newborn of a mother with tuberculosis. Between 1924 and 1960, the Pasteur Institute delivered BCG cultures to more than 50 laboratories around the world. In 1925, Dr Andrés Arena introduced the BCG seed to Argentina, where the vaccine began to be produced and applied orally to newborns. The original strain underwent diverse genetic changes in different parts of the world, which did not seem to affect its protective efficacy. In Argentina, a study (1978-1985) showed that BCG prevents primary TB in general, and has 100% ef ficacy in meningitis and other extra-pulmonary TB locations. BCG effect is independent of TB control measures (case detection and treatment). Furthermore, BCG provides nonspecific protection from various infections and is used in the treatment of bladder cancer. By 2020, at least five technologies had already been established for the future development of anti-TB vaccines: cellular vaccines, protein subunits, nucleic acids, with adenovirus vector, and with recombinant influenza virus as a vector. There are currently more than 20 TB vaccine candidates under evaluation. History teaches, and the COVID-19 pandemic has confirmed, that vaccination is a fundamental instrument for the control of infectious diseases. Until a more effective vaccine becomes available, BCG will continue to be included in the Argentine National Vaccination Calendar for application to newborns.

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal inespecífica / Non-specific inflammatory bowel disease

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal inespecífica hace mención al grupo de enfermedades en que al momento del diagnóstico no pueden clasificarse como enfermedad de Crohn o colitis ulcerativa, representa aproximadamente hasta el 15 % de las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que inicio con dolor abdominal crónico que progresó a perforación intestinal por un proceso inflamatorio ileal, que luego de diversos estudios no se logró identificar la causa y que sumado a las características de la anatomía patológica se concluyó que se trató de un caso de enfermedad inflamatoria sin clasificar.

Non-specific inflammatory bowel disease refers to a group of diseases which at the time of diagnosis cannot be classified as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and it represents approximately up to 15% of inflammatory bowel diseases. We present the case of a patient who started with chronic abdominal pain who progressed to intestinal perforation due to an ileal inflammatory process, that it could not be identified a cause after many studies and, added to the characteristics of the pathological anatomy, it was concluded that it was a case of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.

Non-specific colitis among patients with colitis: frequency and relation to inflammatory bowel disease, a prospective study / Colite inespecífica entre pacientes com colite: estudo prospectivo sobre sua frequência e relação com doença inflamatória intestinal

Abstract Background and study aim: The term non-specific colitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the colon that microscopically lacks the characteristic features of any specific form of colitis and is commonly seen in pathology reports of colonoscopy biopsies. In fact, it has been questioned whether it is a separate pathological entity or it is merely an intermediate stage in the course of inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of non-specific colitis among patients with colitis and characterize its natural history over a 6 months year period. Patients and methods: Eighty adult patients presented for colonoscopy were enrolled. In the final analysis they were divided into Group A; the non-specific colitis Group and Group B; the inflammatory bowel disease Group. All patients were subjected to: full history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations: which included stool analysis, CRP, ESR, complete colonoscopy and entire random colon biopsies for histopathological examination. Results: Group A included 67 patients (83.75%) while Group B included 13 (16.25%) patients. Patients with IBD had clinical and laboratory features of inflammation significantly higher than patients with non-specific colitis. Six patients (8.95%) of non-specific colitis group developed histologic features of florid inflammatory bowel disease after 6 months. There were no independent predictors of this conversion. Conclusion: Among our 80 patients with colonoscopy and biopsy 67 (83.75%) were diagnosed as non-specific colitis and out of them 6 patients (8.95%) were reexamined after 6 months and proved to have inflammtory bowel disese this change was not linked to predictive factors.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: O termo colite inespecífica (CI) refere-se a uma condição inflamatória do cólon que microscopicamente não apresenta características de qualquer forma específica de colite; é comumente observada em relatórios patológicos de biópsias de colonoscopia. De fato, tem-se questionado se esta seria uma entidade patológica separada ou apenas um estágio intermediário no curso da DII. Este estudo foi realizado para estimar a prevalência de CI entre pacientes com colite e caracterizar seu curso durante um período de seis meses. Pacientes e métodos: O estudo incluiu 80 pacientes adultos que se apresentaram para colonoscopia. Na análise, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (CI) e grupo B (DII) Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a anamnese completa, exame clínico completo e investigações laboratoriais que incluíram análise de fezes, PCR, VHS, colonoscopia completa e biópsias aleatórias de cólon para exame histopatológico. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 67 foram alocados no grupo A (83,75%) e 13 (16,25%) no grupo B. Os pacientes com DII apresentavam sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de inflamação significativamente maiores do que o observado em pacientes com CI. Seis pacientes (8,95%) do grupo CI desenvolveram características histológicas de DII florida após seis meses. Não foram identificados preditores independentes para essa conversão. Conclusão: Entre os 80 pacientes submetidos a colonoscopia e biópsia, o diagnóstico de CI foi feito em 67 (83,75%); destes, seis pacientes (8,95%) foram reexaminados após seis meses e apresentaram DII, sendo que essa conversão não foi associada a fatores preditivos.

El raro caso de una joven con colitis ulcerativa crónica inespecífica grave y atrofia cerebral / The rare case of a young girl with ulcerative colitis and cerebral atrophy

Resumen La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por inflamación crónica gastrointestinal y en ocasiones con repercusión extraintestinal. Las manifestaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas corresponden a menos de 3%. Se comunica el caso de una mujer joven con colitis ulcerativa y atrofia cerebral como inicio.

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and occasionally with extraintestinal repercussion. The neurological and psychiatric manifestations correspond to less than 3%. This paper reports the case of a young woman with ulcerative colitis and cerebral atrophy as debut.

IgG4-related orbital disease. / Enfermedad orbitaria relacionada con Ig-G4.

CASE REPORT: The case is presented of a 64-year-old woman with bilateral palpebral swelling and dacryoadenitis, exophthalmos, and a history of chronic rhinitis and asthma. An increase in serum IgG4 was observed, and an incisional biopsy of lacrimal glands was performed, which showed fibrosis and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with IgG4 producing cells. DISCUSSION: Orbital involvement in IgG4-related disease is frequent. Bilateral dacryoadenitis is the most common manifestation. Histopathology is essential for the diagnosis and to exclude malignancy.

Efectividad de la terapia acupuntural combinada con masaje en pacientes con sacrolumbalgia aguda inespecífica / Effectiveness of the acupunctural therapy combined with massage in patients with acute unspecific low back pain

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 300 pacientes con diagnóstico de sacrolumbalgia aguda inespecífica, atendidos en el Centro Provincial de Desarrollo de Medicina Natural y Tradicional del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero de 2012 hasta igual mes de 2014, con vistas a evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento rehabilitador. La muestra fue dividida en 2 grupos de 150 integrantes cada uno (de estudio y control), los cuales fueron seleccionados de forma aleatoria. Los del primero recibieron acupuntura combinada con masaje; los del segundo, el tratamiento establecido según el diagnóstico tradicional. Finalmente, la combinación de estas terapias con maniobras de masaje tuina resultó muy útil en la rehabilitación de los afectados por esta dolencia.

A therapeutic intervention in 300 patients with diagnosis of acute unspecific low back pain, assisted in the Natural and Traditional Medicine Development Provincial Center from "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from February, 2012 to the same month in 2014, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation treatment. The sample was divided in 2 groups of 150 members each (case and control), which were selected at random. Those from the first group received acupuncture combined with massage; those from the second, received established treatment according to the traditional diagnosis. Finally, the combination of these therapies with tuina massage procedures was very useful in the rehabilitation of those affected by this pain.

Efectividad de la terapia acupuntural combinada con masaje en pacientes con sacrolumbalgia aguda inespecífica / Effectiveness of the acupunctural therapy combined with massage in patients with acute unspecific low back pain

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 300 pacientes con diagnóstico de sacrolumbalgia aguda inespecífica, atendidos en el Centro Provincial de Desarrollo de Medicina Natural y Tradicional del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero de 2012 hasta igual mes de 2014, con vistas a evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento rehabilitador. La muestra fue dividida en 2 grupos de 150 integrantes cada uno (de estudio y control), los cuales fueron seleccionados de forma aleatoria. Los del primero recibieron acupuntura combinada con masaje; los del segundo, el tratamiento establecido según el diagnóstico tradicional. Finalmente, la combinación de estas terapias con maniobras de masaje tuina resultó muy útil en la rehabilitación de los afectados por esta dolencia(AU)

A therapeutic intervention in 300 patients with diagnosis of acute unspecific low back pain, assisted in the Natural and Traditional Medicine Development Provincial Center from Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from February, 2012 to the same month in 2014, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation treatment. The sample was divided in 2 groups of 150 members each (case and control), which were selected at random. Those from the first group received acupuncture combined with massage; those from the second, received established treatment according to the traditional diagnosis. Finally, the combination of these therapies with tuina massage procedures was very useful in the rehabilitation of those affected by this pain(AU)

Long-term Outcome of Patients With Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion.

INTRODUCTION: The cause of exudative pleural effusion cannot be determined in some patients. The longterm outcomes of patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion were analyzed. METHODS: Patients with exudative pleural effusion whose diagnostic procedures included pleural biopsy using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery carried out between 2008 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients diagnosed with non-specific pleuritis were included. Fifty-three patients with available follow-up data were included in the study. RESULTS: Forty men and 13 women (mean age 53.9±13.9 years) were included. Median follow-up time was 24 months. No diagnosis was given in 27 patients (51%), and a clinical diagnosis was given in 26 patients (49%) during the follow-up period. Malignant disease (malignant mesothelioma) was diagnosed in 2 (3.7%) patients. Other diseases were parapneumonic effusion in 12, congestive heart failure in 8, and miscellaneous in 4 patients. Volume of effusion at the time of initial examination and re-accumulation of fluid after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were associated with malignant disease (P=.004 and .0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the probability is low, some patients with exudative pleural effusion undiagnosed after pleural biopsy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may have malignant disease. Patients with an initially large volume of effusion that re-accumulates after examination should be closely monitored.

Estado inmunonutricional en niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica / Immunenutritional state of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea

Introducción : la ruptura del equilibrio inmunonutricional en los pacientes con diarrea crónica inespecífica (DCI) entorpece la evolución clínica y favorece la aparición de complicaciones.Objetivo: caracterizar el estado inmunonutricional de niños con Diarrea Crónica Inespecífica. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 44 niños menores de 6 años con diagnóstico de diarrea crónica inespecífica, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología en el período comprendido de marzo del 2012 a mayo 2014. A todos se les aplicó cuestionario, previo consentimiento informado y se les realizó mensuraciones antropométricas, exámenes parasitológicos y bacteriológicos en heces, hemograma completo, determinación de hierro sérico, dosificación de inmunoglobulinas totales y ultrasonido de timo. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon distribuciones de frecuencia y para la comparación entre los grupos se utilizó la prueba del X2. Se consideró significativo una p < 0,05. Resultados: la población objeto de estudio no superó los 4 años de edad, con un predominio del sexo masculino sin asociación entre edad y sexo. El 43.2 por ciento de los pacientes presentó algún grado de malnutrición con un comportamiento similar entre los malnutridos por defecto y por exceso. Poco menos de la mitad de los pacientes tuvo anemia. La hipoplasia tímica y los niveles séricos bajos de IgA fueron condiciones frecuentes en la población estudiada. Conclusiones: el compromiso del estado inmunonutricional de los niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica no es infrecuente. Se manifiesta en elevada frecuencia de malnutrición, anemia, hipoplasia tímica y niveles séricos bajos de IgA(AU)

Introduction: breaking down the immune nutritional balance in patients with chronic nonspecific diarrhea (ICD) hinders the clinical course and promotes complications.Objective: to characterize the immune nutritional state of children with ICD. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional study in 44 children younger than 6 years prior consent was performed with a diagnosis of chronic nonspecific diarrhea treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology from March 2012 to May 2014. Aconsent informed questionnaire was applied previously to all patients, who underwent anthropometric assessment, bacteriological and parasitological stool examinations, complete blood count, determination of serum iron, determination of total immunoglobulin and ultrasound thymus. Statistical analysis included, frequency distributions, to comparison among the test groups, Chi-square test was done (considering significant; p<0.05). Results: the population did not exceed 4 years old, with a male predominance and no association between age and sex. 43.2 percent of patients had some grade of malnutrition without differences between calorie and protein malnutrition and overweight. Just under half of the patients had anemia. Thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels were more common conditions. Conclusions: the commitment of immune nutritional status of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea is not uncommon. It manifests itself in high frequency of malnutrition, anemia, thymic hypoplasia, and low serum IgA(AU)

Espondilodiscitis Bacteriana Inespecífica: una afección con incidencia creciente. Revisión de seis casos clínicos en período 2009-2011, Hospital Pasteur / Non specific bacterial Spondylodiscitis: an increasingly frequent condition. Review of six clinical cases in the 2009-2011 period. Hospital Pasteur

La Espondilodiscitis bacteriana inespecífica es la infección bacteriana de dos vértebras adyacentes con compromiso del disco intervertebral a gérmenes inespecíficos. Es poco frecuente, pero su incidencia se ha incrementado en los últimos años, vinculada al aumento de la realización de procedimientos invasivos, mayor sobrevida de pacientes inmunocomprometidos, así como a su mayor sospecha diagnóstica. La presencia de signos de alarma (“redflags”) del dolor dorso-lumbar permite orientar a esta etiología. Analizamos retrospectivamente 6 casos clínicos de espondilodiscitis bacteriana inespecífica asistidos en el Hospital Pasteur en el período 2009-2011. En su mayoría fueron hombres, entre los 50 y 60 años y la localización más frecuente fue lumbar. En todos los casos el germen se obtuvo en los hemocultivos, correspondiendo en la mitad de ellos a Staphylococcus aureus. Hubo una buena respuesta terapéutica y la evolución fue favorable en lo infeccioso en todos los casos, aun con los distintos planes antibióticos utilizados. El retraso en el diagnóstico es un elemento de mal pronóstico y existe alta tasa de complicaciones...

Biological therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum / Terapia biológica no tratamento do pioderma gangrenoso

INTRODUCTION: pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare and severe neutrophilic dermatosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and hematological malignancies. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and exclusion of other skin disorders. There is no gold standard for the treatment of PG; traditionally intravenous corticosteroids are used, but recently the use of drugs that inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has changed the management of PG, showing great effectiveness. CASE REPORT: female patient, 23 years old, diagnosed with severe nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) three years ago, undergoing treatment with oral mesalamine and azathioprine. She developed PG fourteen days after hospital discharge; hospitalization was due to worsening of intestinal disease symptoms. She was successfully treated using biological therapy after unfavorable evolution with corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: PG, a rare extraintestinal manifestation of IBD of difficult resolution that has significant impact on patient quality of life. The use of biological therapy for PG has higher efficacy in the treatment of patients decreasing wound healing time and return to daily activities. (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: pioderma gangrenoso (PG) é uma rara e grave dermatose neutrofílica associada a doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) e a outras doenças sistêmicas como a artrite reumatoide e neoplasias hematológicas. O diagnóstico é baseado em critérios clínicos e exclusão de outras desordens da pele. Ainda não há padrão ouro para o tratamento do PG, tradicionalmente usa-se corticoides endovenosos, porém recentemente o uso de fármacos inibidores do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa) tem mudado o manejo do PG mostrando grande efetividade. RELATO DO CASO: paciente feminina, 23 anos, com diagnóstico de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica (RCUI) severa há três anos, em tratamento com mesalazina oral e azatioprina. Evoluiu apresentando PG quatorze dias após alta hospitalar, por internamento devido agudização dos sintomas intestinais da doença. Foi tratada com sucesso usando terapia biológica após evolução desfavorável com corticoide. CONCLUSÃO: PG, uma rara manifestação extraintestinal das DII, é de difícil resolução e com significante interferência na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O uso de terapia biológica no PG vem mostrando melhor eficácia no tratamento desses doentes com diminuição do tempo de cicatrização das feridas e retorno às atividades diárias. (AU)

Estado inmunológico en niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica / Immune status in children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea

Introducción: la diarrea crónica inespecífica (DCI) en la infancia constituye motivo frecuente de consulta, no se ha podido determinar aún el origen de este padecimiento, se invocan varias teorías que tratan de explicar su fisiopatología sobre la base de trastornos inmunológicos asociados.Objetivo: caracterizar el estado inmunológico de niños con DCI.Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 36 niños menores de 6 años con diagnóstico de diarrea crónica inespecífica, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología en el período comprendido de marzo a diciembre del 2012. A todos se les realizó determinación de hemoglobina, hierro sérico, dosificación de inmunoglobulinas totales y ultrasonido de timo. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon pruebas paramétricas y las diferencias se consideraron significativas con p < 0,05. Resultados: el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva antes de los 6 meses y los niveles séricos bajos de Inmunoglobulina A (IgA) tuvieron una elevada frecuencia. No se demostró asociación entre duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva recibida, área tímica y niveles séricos de IgA. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica tienen compromiso de su estado inmunológico. Los principales trastornos inmunológicos presentes son la hipoplasia tímica y los niveles séricos bajos de IgA(AU)

Introduction: chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CID) in childhood is frequent complaint, has not yet been able to determine the origin of this disease, and is invoked several theories that attempt to explain its pathophysiology based on associated immunological disorders. Objective: to characterize the immune status of children with DCI. Materials and Methods: we carried out a cross-sectional study of 36 children less than 6 years diagnosed with chronic nonspecific diarrhea treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology in the period March to December 2012. An All patients underwent complete blood count, determination of serum iron, total immunoglobulin dose and thymus´s ultrasound. For statistical analysis, parametric tests were used and differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding before 6month and low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels had a high frequency in our study. No association was found between cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months, thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels. Conclusions: most children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea have compromised their immune status. The main immune disorders are the thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels(AU)

Estado inmunológico en niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica / Immune status in children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea

Introducción: la diarrea crónica inespecífica (DCI) en la infancia constituye motivo frecuente de consulta, no se ha podido determinar aún el origen de este padecimiento, se invocan varias teorías que tratan de explicar su fisiopatología sobre la base de trastornos inmunológicos asociados. Objetivo: caracterizar el estado inmunológico de niños con DCI. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 36 niños menores de 6 años con diagnóstico de diarrea crónica inespecífica, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología en el período comprendido de marzo a diciembre del 2012. A todos se les realizó determinación de hemoglobina, hierro sérico, dosificación de inmunoglobulinas totales y ultrasonido de timo. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon pruebas paramétricas y las diferencias se consideraron significativas con p < 0,05. Resultados: el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva antes de los 6 meses y los niveles séricos bajos de Inmunoglobulina A (IgA) tuvieron una elevada frecuencia. No se demostró asociación entre duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva recibida, área tímica y niveles séricos de IgA. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica tienen compromiso de su estado inmunológico. Los principales trastornos inmunológicos presentes son la hipoplasia tímica y los niveles séricos bajos de IgA.

Introduction: chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CID) in childhood is frequent complaint, has not yet been able to determine the origin of this disease, and is invoked several theories that attempt to explain its pathophysiology based on associated immunological disorders. Objective: to characterize the immune status of children with DCI. Materials and Methods: we carried out a cross-sectional study of 36 children less than 6 years diagnosed with chronic nonspecific diarrhea treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology in the period March to December 2012. An All patients underwent complete blood count, determination of serum iron, total immunoglobulin dose and thymus´s ultrasound. For statistical analysis, parametric tests were used and differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding before 6month and low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels had a high frequency in our study. No association was found between cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months, thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels. Conclusions: most children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea have compromised their immune status. The main immune disorders are the thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels.

Muerte por tuberculosis milliar / Death from miliary tuberculosis

Se describe el caso clínico de un anciano, en estado senil y desnutrido, quien presentaba síndrome febril prolongado, por lo que fue ingresado en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba, pero al efectuar los exámenes complementarios no se obtuvo un diagnóstico definitivo. Posteriormente tuvo descompensación cardiovascular y fue trasladado a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, donde se le realizó urgentemente una radiografía de tórax, la cual mostró lesiones características de tuberculosis milliar. En consecuencia, se interconsultó con especialistas de neumología y se decidió iniciar el tratamiento con drogas antituberculosas; sin embargo, el paciente falleció un día después de comenzada la terapia. La necropsia mostró una granulomatosis crónica inespecífica, cuyo resultado solo se confirmó 2 meses más tarde, cuando el cultivo de las secreciones bronquiales fue positivo (codificación 7) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis(AU)

A case report of an elderly man in senile and malnourished state was described, who had prolonged febrile syndrome and was admitted to Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo Clinical and Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, but a definitive diagnosis could not be obtained with complementary tests. Later he had cardiovascular decompensation and was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, where he underwent an emergent chest radiograph, which showed characteristic lesions of miliary tuberculosis. Consequently, pulmonary specialists were consulted and it was decided to start treatment with antitubercular drugs; however, the patient died a day after the beginning of therapy. The autopsy showed a nonspecific chronic granulomatosis, which results were only confirmed 2 months later, when the culture of bronchial secretions was positive (coding 7) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis(AU)

Muerte por tuberculosis milliar / Death from miliary tuberculosis

Se describe el caso clínico de un anciano, en estado senil y desnutrido, quien presentaba síndrome febril prolongado, por lo que fue ingresado en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo" de Santiago de Cuba, pero al efectuar los exámenes complementarios no se obtuvo un diagnóstico definitivo. Posteriormente tuvo descompensación cardiovascular y fue trasladado a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, donde se le realizó urgentemente una radiografía de tórax, la cual mostró lesiones características de tuberculosis milliar. En consecuencia, se interconsultó con especialistas de neumología y se decidió iniciar el tratamiento con drogas antituberculosas; sin embargo, el paciente falleció un día después de comenzada la terapia. La necropsia mostró una granulomatosis crónica inespecífica, cuyo resultado solo se confirmó 2 meses más tarde, cuando el cultivo de las secreciones bronquiales fue positivo (codificación 7) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A case report of an elderly man in senile and malnourished state was described, who had prolonged febrile syndrome and was admitted to «Dr "Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo" Clinical and Surgical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, but a definitive diagnosis could not be obtained with complementary tests. Later he had cardiovascular decompensation and was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, where he underwent an emergent chest radiograph, which showed characteristic lesions of miliary tuberculosis. Consequently, pulmonary specialists were consulted and it was decided to start treatment with antitubercular drugs; however, the patient died a day after the beginning of therapy. The autopsy showed a nonspecific chronic granulomatosis, which results were only confirmed 2 months later, when the culture of bronchial secretions was positive (coding 7) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Papel da cápsula endoscópica na reclassificação da doença inflamatória intestinal em crianças / Role of wireless capsule endoscopy in reclassifying inflammatory bowel disease in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of wireless capsule endoscopy in identifying small bowel lesions in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) type unclassified (IBDU), and to assess whether capsule endoscopy findings result in altered patient management. METHODS: Ten pediatric patients recently diagnosed with IBDU through standard investigations were recruited from the pediatric gastroenterology clinic at McMaster Children's Hospital to undergo capsule endoscopy using the Pillcam SB TM (Given Imaging) capsule. Findings consistent with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease required the identification of at least three ulcerations. RESULTS: Three out of ten patients had newly identified findings on capsule endoscopy that met criteria for Crohn's disease. Three more patients had findings suspicious for Crohn's disease, but failed to meet the diagnostic criteria. Three additional patients had findings most consistent with ulcerative colitis, and one had possible gastritis with a normal intestine. Findings from capsule endoscopy allowed for changes in the medical management of three patients. In all ten cases, capsule endoscopy allowed for a better characterization of the type and extent of disease. No adverse outcomes occurred in the present cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study reveals that wireless capsule endoscopy is feasible, valuable, and non-invasive, offering the ability to potentially better characterize newly diagnosed pediatric IBDU cases by identifying lesions in the small bowel and reclassifying these as Crohn's disease. Further investigation is warranted.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da cápsula endoscópica na identificação de lesões no intestino delgado em pacientes pediátricos com DII inespecífica (DIII) diagnosticada recentemente e avaliar se os achados da cápsula endoscópica resultam em alterações no tratamento dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Dez pacientes pediátricos recém-diagnosticados com DIII por meio de investigações padrão foram recrutados da clínica de gastroenterologia pediátrica no McMaster Children's Hospital, para serem submetidos a exame com a cápsula endoscópica Pillcam SB TM (Given Imaging). Achados compatíveis com o diagnóstico da doença de Crohn exigiram a identificação de pelo menos três ulcerações. RESULTADOS: De 10 pacientes, três apresentaram achados novos com a cápsula endoscópica que satisfizeram o critério para a doença de Crohn. Outros três apresentaram achados com suspeita de doença de Crohn, porém não atenderam nossos critérios de diagnóstico. Apresentaram achados mais compatíveis com colite ulcerativa outros três pacientes, e um apresentava possível gastrite com intestino normal. Os achados da cápsula endoscópica possibilitaram mudanças no tratamento médico de três pacientes. Em todos os dez casos, a cápsula endoscópica permitiu uma melhor caracterização do tipo e da extensão da doença. Não houve resultado adverso em nossa coorte. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo prospectivo revela que a cápsula endoscópica é viável, útil e não invasiva, que oferece a possibilidade de melhor caracterização de casos de DIII pediátricos recém-diagnosticados ao identificar lesões no intestino delgado e reclassificá-las como doença de Crohn.

Relación endoscópica entre duodenitis inespecífica y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado / Endoscopic relationship between non specific duodenitis and snall intestine bacterial overgrowth

Cuando aparece una proliferación de la flora de tipo colónico en el intestino delgado se producen alteraciones en la digestión y absorción intestinal, que clínicamente conforman el síndrome del Sobrecrecimiento Bacteriano del Intestino Delgado (SBID). En el SBID la concentración bacteriana aumenta hasta 107-109 UFC/ml en intestino delgado. El principio del test de hidrógeno espirado es la administración de un carbohidrato (Lactulosa, dxilosa, glucosa), que al ser degradado por las bacterias produce un aumento de los niveles de hidrógeno espirado en pacientes con SBID. Hipótesis: Si la duodenitis inespecífica se manifiesta clínicamente de manera similar al (SBID) entonces puede haber una relación entre ambas patologías. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico descriptivo prospectivo de una muestra seleccionada quienes tuvieron como hallazgo en la endoscopia digestiva superior duodenitis inespecífica. Se usó Video endoscopio Olympus GIF-140, en dicha endoscopia se tomó biopsia del tejido duodenal con pinza. Posteriormente el paciente fue sometido a prueba de hidrógeno en aliento aire espirado con 10 gr de Lactulosa. Resultados: La prueba de Hidrógeno en aliento resultó positiva en 18 pacientes (29,5%) y negativo en 43 (70,5%) (p=1,000). La sensibilidad fue de 29,6% y Especificidad 71% (IC 95%). Conclusiones: 1) La prueba de Hidrógeno en aire espirado con Lactulosa es una prueba con poca sensibilidad pero específica para el Diagnóstico de SBID. 2) La prevalencia de duodenitis giardiásica fue del 11,5% en la población estudiada. 3) Los hallazgos histológicos referentes a las alteraciones de las vellosidades intestinales no están correlacionados con el SBID.

When a proliferation of the flora of type colonic appears in the small intestine they are caused by alterations in the digestion and intestinal absorption, which they make up clinically the syndrome of the Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). In SIBO the bacterial concentration increased to 107-109 UFC/ml in the small intestine. The origin of the exhaled hydrogen test is the administration of a carbohydrate (Lactulose, d-xylose, glucose), which when broken down by the bacteria produce an increase in the levels of the exhaled hydrogen in patients with SIBO. Hypothesis: If the non-specific duodenitis appears clinically similar in a way to (SIBO) then there may be a connection between both pathologies. Methods: We carried out a prospective descriptive clinical trial of a selected sample who had the finding of nonspecific duodenitis in the upper endoscopy. We used Video endoscope Olympus GIF-140, in that endoscopic was taken biopsy of the duodenal tissue with forceps. Subsequently, the patient was undergone of Breath-hydrogen test with 10 gr of lactulose. Results: the hydrogen breath test was positive in 18 patients (29.5%) and negative in 43 (70.5%) (p = 1.000). The sensitivity was 29.6% and specificity 71% (95%). Conclusions: 1) Hydrogen breath test with lactulose is less sensitive but specific for the diagnosis of SIBO. 2) The prevalence of giardiasic duodenitis was 11.5% in our trial. 3.) Histological findings regarding alterations of the intestinal villi are uncorrelated with SIBO.