Effectiveness of comprehensive nursing intervention program (CNIP) on knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among adults.

BACKGROUND: There are estimated 72.96 million cases of diabetes in the adult population of India. The prevalence in urban areas ranges between 10.9% and 14.2%, and the prevalence in rural India ranges between 3.0% and 7.8% among the population aged 20 years and above with a much higher prevalence among individuals aged over 50 years. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive nursing intervention program (CNIP) on knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was chosen for the study. Adults were selected using a simple random sampling technique by the lottery method; of 120 eligible adults, 60 were selected to participate in the study. The study was conducted in an urban community, Bangalore, and data were collected from March 25, 2022, to April 23, 2022. CNIP consisted of education, demonstration of exercise, and information booklet. The pretest and posttest were collected using the structured knowledge questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge and non-observational checklist for assessing the level of practice among adults. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in the mean scores of knowledge from 52.3 to 82.2 and practice mean score from 45.5 to 68.4. The paired t-test value of knowledge was 3.88, and practice was 2.97, which was significant at P < 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that CNIP had a great role in increasing the level of knowledge and practice among adults in the prevention of NIDDM.

Evaluation of an information booklet for adolescents on depression: evidence from a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with depression often show barriers to seek treatment offers due to various reasons, including limited knowledge about the manifestation of the disorder, its treatment options, or fear of stigmatization. Psychoeducational approaches might reduce these barriers by increasing depression literacy. The aim of the present randomized controlled study was to evaluate whether an innovative and age-appropriate evidence-based information booklet about youth depression increases depression-specific knowledge in adolescents with depression and is also appealing to the target group. METHODS: 50 adolescents with a history of depression (current/remitted) aged 12-18 years participated in the study including a pre-, post- and follow-up assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group received a target group-specific information booklet about youth depression including seven subdomains. The active control group received an information booklet about asthma in youth that was highly comparable to the depression booklet in terms of format and length. Before and after reading, and at a four-week follow-up, we assessed knowledge about youth depression based on a questionnaire. Furthermore, participants evaluated the acceptability of the information booklets. RESULTS: Unlike the active control group, the experimental group showed a significant increase in depression-specific knowledge from pre to post and from pre to follow-up across all subdomains. This increase was evident in four subdomains ("symptoms", "treatment", "antidepressants", and "causes"). The overall reception of the information booklet about depression was positive and participants stated that they would recommend the information booklet about depression to their peers. CONCLUSION: This is the first randomized controlled study to demonstrate that an information booklet about youth depression effectively imparts depression-specific knowledge to participants with a history of depression and shows high acceptance. Information booklets that are appealing and increase depression-specific knowledge might be a promising low-threshold and cost-effective approach to reduce barriers to treatment and raise awareness.

A pre-post intervention study: Knowledge among parents about child infections and antibiotic use facilitated by maternal and child health nurses.

AIMS: To investigate parent's knowledge and beliefs of common infections and antibiotics in children before and after an educational intervention provided by maternal and child health nurses. Second, to investigate sociodemographic differences in parent's knowledge before and following the intervention. DESIGN: A prospective pre-post intervention study. The intervention consisted of a booklet with information about childhood infections delivered by maternal and child health nurses. METHODS: The study population included 344 parents with a child born during 2017 and residing in three Danish municipalities. Knowledge about infections and antibiotics were collected quantitatively through an online questionnaire before and after the intervention (August 2017-November 2018) and analysed using linear mixed models. RESULTS: Parental knowledge increased after the intervention. Parents with lower education and born in Denmark compared to parents with higher education and born in other countries experienced a higher increase in knowledge from baseline to follow-up.

Parental Cancer: Acceptance and Usability of an Information Booklet for Affected Parents.

Background: Parents affected by cancer are confronted with challenges such as communicating with their children about the disease and dealing with changes in their parental role. Providing appropriate information could support affected parents and their children. Still, high-quality and information booklets are rare. Therefore, we developed an information booklet for affected families. The study aims are: (1) investigating the acceptability and usability of the information booklet, (2) determining parental information needs, and (3) collating suggestions for implementation. Finally, we adapted the booklet according to the findings. Methods: We interviewed five experts in psychosocial care of parental cancer and nine affected parents using a semi-structured interview guideline. Participants received the developed booklet after giving the consent to participate. Interviews on acceptability and usability of the booklet and information needs were conducted about 1 week after receiving the booklet. The interviews were analyzed using structuring content analysis. Results: (1) Experts and parents reported that the information booklet addresses the experiences of affected families and that the content combination makes it useful in an unprecedented way indicating both acceptance and usability. (2) Following dimensions were identified as information needs: (a) communication, (b) support offers, (c) children's disease understanding and needs, (d) organization of family life, (e) competence in parenting, and (f) sources of additional information material. (3) The booklet should be handed out personally by, e.g., healthcare professionals and might be accompanied by a personal counseling. Minor adaptations on language and content were conducted based on the findings. Conclusion: Indicated acceptance and usability of the developed information booklet for parents with cancer suggest a low-threshold, basic support for affected families and health professionals. The diverse parental information needs are covered. The long-term effects of the booklet, e.g., on the use of psychosocial support offers, parental self-efficacy and psychological distress will be quantitatively investigated.

Improvement of the understanding of blood donors with human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 using a new information booklet.

BACKGROUND: Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) tests have been mandated in Japan since 1986, and notification of HTLV-1-seropositive donors started in 1999. However, donor knowledge and response to notification has not been assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among blood donors notified of HTLV-1 seropositivity regarding their knowledge of HTLV-1 and unmet information needs. To reduce anxiety among notified individuals and raise awareness of their infection status, we created a booklet containing information that would be useful for these individuals without causing unnecessary anxiety while also requesting that they refrain from donating blood in the future. RESULTS: A questionnaire survey conducted before the distribution of a new booklet revealed that 15.0% of respondents donated blood again despite receiving an HTLV-1-seropositive notification at the previous donation. While 62.2% of respondents reacted to the notification favourably, 40.2% expressed anxiety and 32.5% requested information on related diseases and medical institutions for consultation. In the secondary survey after distribution of the new booklet, 87.9% of respondents reported that the information was comprehensible, and an increase in consultations of medical institutions by notification recipients was observed. Furthermore, no re-visiting donors were observed among the HTLV-1-seropositive recipients who were notified using the new information booklet. CONCLUSION: The new information booklet provided enlightenment on HTLV-1 infection and facilitated the consultation of medical institutions by seropositive donors, leading to an improvement in the health-related quality of life of seropositive blood donors and the safety of blood products.

An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling.

BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralise tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. AIM: To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling. SETTING: This study was conducted in local primary health care clinics and the Hospice in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A simple, 17-page, A5 booklet containing pictograms and simple text was designed in collaboration with CHWs who advised on preferred content. Its influence on knowledge was assessed in 31 CHWs using a 17-item questionnaire in a before-and-after study. The experiences of CHWs using the booklet were qualitatively explored using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Overall knowledge increased significantly from 70.6% to 85.3% (p < 0.001) with 8 of 17 questions significantly better answered at follow-up. These addressed meaning of side effects and side effect advice for patients, cause and prevention of TB, action if a dose is forgotten, timing of dose in relation to food intake and the possibility that not all patients are cured.Community health workers reported using the booklet during patient interactions, commenting that it enhanced their confidence in their own TB-related knowledge, improved recall of information and reduced uncertainty. They appreciated the simplicity of the text and its userfriendliness because of the inclusion of pictograms. The booklet was perceived to be valuable as a tool for both patient education as well as improved communication with patients. CONCLUSION: A simple, user-friendly TB booklet containing pictograms improved CHWknowledge and acted as a valuable tool in patient communication and education.

Impact of a pharmacist-provided information booklet on knowledge and attitudes towards oral contraception among Jordanian women: an interventional study.

OBJECTIVES: Jordan has high rate of unintended pregnancy, which is largely attributed to limited knowledge and misconceptions about contraceptive methods, namely oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a pharmacist-provided information booklet on increasing the knowledge of Jordanian women about safe and effective OCP use. METHODS: This was a randomised interventional study. One hundred and sixty women who had used OCPs at least once in their lifetime were randomised to receive conventional counselling (control group) or a pharmacist-provided booklet (intervention group). Knowledge about and attitude towards OCP use were assessed before and immediately after the intervention, and at three-month follow-up. RESULTS: The mean knowledge score (out of 5) of women in the intervention group improved significantly from 1.76 at baseline (standard deviation [SD] 1.25) to 5.00 (p < .000) directly after the intervention, which then slightly decreased to 4.93 (SD 0.31; p = .033) at follow-up. The baseline mean knowledge score of the control group was 1.29 (SD 1.12) and did not significantly increase over time. It was also considerably lower than that of the intervention group both immediately after the intervention and at follow-up. As regards mean attitude score (out of 6), the control group demonstrated no changes from baseline, whereas the intervention group improved significantly from 5.15 (SD 1.63) to 5.50 (SD 1.36; p = .014). CONCLUSIONS: Provision of an information booklet by pharmacists to women in Jordan using OCPs is highly recommended. Studies with a larger sample size and from different regions of Jordan are recommended.

Análise qualitativa do uso de manual informativo para familiares em UTI / Qualitative analysis of the information booklet use on ICU patient's relatives / Análisis cualitativo del uso de manual de información para familiares en UCI

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar qualitativamente os efeitos do uso de Manual Informativo (MI) sobre a compreensão das informações e comportamentos dos familiares nas visitas aos pacientes. Foram utilizadas entrevista semiestruturadas. Os seis primeiros familiares, Grupo I, não receberam o MI. Os seis seguintes, Grupo II, receberam o MI. Todos foram entrevistados nas primeiras 72 horas de internação. No Grupo I, identificaram-se percepções incompletas sobre UTI e paciente, dificultando a formulação perguntas e acentuando sentimentos de impotência e isolamento. No Grupo II, evidenciaram-se maiores compreensão e coerência das informações, maior domínio de termos técnicos e comportamentos mais ativos dos familiares. A informação escrita sistematizada colaborou para o esclarecimento dos familiares, aumentando segurança em relação aos profissionais/pacientes, diminuindo seu sofrimento.

The aim of this study was to analyse qualitatively the use of Informative Booklet (IB) in order to comprehend information and behaviours of relatives during visits to patients. Semi-structured interviews were held. At first, six relatives, named Group 1, were not analysed with IB. On the other hand, the following six, group 2, were. All of them were interviewed during the first 72 hours of hospitalization. In Group 1, incomplete perceptions were identified on ICU and patients. Thus, not only was it difficult to pose questions, but also feelings of helplessness and isolation have been accentuated. In Group 2, we could perceive a higher comprehension of information, greater use of technical terms, and more active behaviours. Systematised and written information contributed to enlighten relatives, increasing confidence on professionals and patients, thus reducing suffering.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cualitativamente efectos del uso del Manual de Información (MI) sobre la comprensión de las informaciones y los comportamientos de los parientes en las visitas a los pacientes. Se utilizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas. Los primeros seis familiares, Grupo I, no recibieron el MI. Los seis siguientes, Grupo II, recibieron el MI. Todos ellos fueron entrevistados en las primeras 72 horas de hospitalización. En el Grupo I, fueron identificadas percepciones incompletas sobre la UCI y paciente, lo que puede dificultar la formulación de preguntas y acentuar los sentimientos de impotencia y aislamiento. En el Grupo II, los familiares mostraron más comprensión de la información, mayor dominio de términos técnicos y comportamientos más activos. La información escrita y sistematizada parece contribuir para la clarificación de los parientes, para aumentar la seguridad en lo referente a profesionales/pacientes, reduciendo su sufrimiento.

Effectiveness of "palliative care information booklet" in enhancing nurses' knowledge.

CONTEXT: Patients diagnosed with a disease like cancer require not only physical control of disease but also they need psychological reassurance, social and spiritual support in coming to terms with their disease. Nurses working in the specialized cancer hospitals play a significant role in the care of terminally ill patients. They must be knowledgeable, skilled and sensitive to the needs of these patients and their families in order to provide active, holistic care. AIMS: In this study, we attempted to assess the level of knowledge about palliative care among nurses working in the oncology department using a self administered structured questionnaire and also to assess the effectiveness of information booklet designed on various aspects of palliative care on their knowledge. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Indo American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, AP, India. The design adopted for this study was One Group pretest - posttest, pre - experimental design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred nurses working in Indo American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, AP, India were selected by using the non probability purposive sampling technique. A structured self administered questionnaire was prepared and administered as a pretest. An information booklet was developed pertaining to the general concepts of palliative care, care components (physical, social, emotional and spiritual) and role of the nurse in palliative care and it was given to the participants. As a post test, the same questionnaire was re-administered after four days to the same study subjects. Pretest and post test knowledge scores were compared and the findings were analyzed statistically. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science package. RESULTS: The post test scores were significantly higher than the pretest knowledge scores, which indicate that the developed information booklet regarding palliative care was highly effective in enhancing the knowledge levels of the nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The information booklet was effective in enriching the knowledge of nurses on palliative care. Enhancing the nurse's knowledge about palliative care will promote their understanding of the needs of the advanced stage patients and will enable them to provide quality care.