Characterization of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to indoxacarb: inheritance mode, realized heritability, and fitness costs.

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major economic pest attacking a variety of crops in Egypt and other Mediterranean countries. S. littoralis has developed resistance to both traditional and novel insecticides. The current study investigated S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb regarding inheritance mode, realized heritability (h2), and fitness costs. An indoxacarb-resistant strain (Indoxa-SEL) was obtained by selecting a field strain with indoxacarb. Indoxa-SEL strain outperformed the susceptible one (Indoxa-S) by 29.77-fold after 16 consecutive generations of selection. Based on the LC50 values of the progenies of reciprocal crosses F1 (R♂ × S♀) and F1' (R♀ × S♂), S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb was found to be autosomal and partially recessive. Chi-square tests for goodness-of-fit between observed and expected mortalities of self-bred F1 and resistant strain reciprocal crosses revealed that the resistance was controlled by multiple genes. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.80, with significantly increased total preovipositional period of females, egg, larvae, pupae, preadult, adult, and total longevity period. The estimated realized heritability value in the Indoxa-SEL strain was 0.21. The current study will contribute to sustaining indoxacarb efficacy and designing effective resistance management programs against S. littoralis.

Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (RR-MADD) is an autosomal recessive disease chiefly caused by variants of ETFDH affecting fatty acid metabolism. In our cohort, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was common. In this study we aimed to identify the association between RR-MADD and HHcy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 13 patients with RR-MADD. Thirty-three healthy controls were recruited, and logistic regression was used to investigate the association between RR-MADD and HHcy. Muscle tissues from six patients and six controls without myopathies were collected to measure the levels of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), an active form of riboflavin. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the disease-associated variants. RESULTS: The RR-MADD patients had a higher prevalence of HHcy (9 of 12) than controls (6 of 33, P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, RR-MADD was positively related to HHcy (P = .014). Muscular FAD levels were decreased in RR-MADD patients (P = .006). Thirteen variants (8 reported and 5 novel) were identified in ETFDH. Of these, c.250G > A was the most common pathogenic variant with an allelic frequency of 4 of 20. DISCUSSION: HHcy was associated with RR-MADD and may aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of RR-MADD.

Revisiting benchmark study for response to methodological critiques of 'Evaluation of phenotype-driven gene prioritization methods for Mendelian diseases'.

Evaluation of phenotype-driven gene prioritization approaches for Mendelian diseases could facilitate the software development and method selection for the workflow configuration and clinical practice. In our original article, the performance of 10 well-recognized causal-gene prioritization methods was benchmarked using 305 cases from the deciphering developmental disorders (DDD) project and 209 in-house cases via a relatively unbiased methodology. The evaluation results showed that LIRICAL and AMELIE were two of the best methods in our benchmark experiments, and the possible integrative approach of these two methods may enhance the diagnostic efficiency. However, some methodological critiques were raised by the authors of Exomiser and PhenIX, so we revisited our benchmarking studies to answer their comments in this letter.

Inheritance pattern recognition method of national traditional sports culture in e-commerce platform / Método de reconocimiento de patrones de herencia de la cultura deportiva tradicional nacional en la plataforma de comercio electrónico

An E-commerce platform is a new network platform in which information push can improve the speed of information analysis. The traditional pattern recognition ability of cultural heritage recognition is poor, and the amount of recognition data is too small. To solve this problem, the e-commerce platform is used to realize the feature recognition of national traditional sports culture. Through the analysis of national culture data, online information feature extraction is completed to identify the lifestyle, religious belief, ethics and festival customs of national traditional sports culture, and determine the inheritance mode of National Traditional Sports culture in the e-commerce platform. The experimental results show that the recognition method of e-commerce platform has strong recognition ability, and can better identify the inheritance pattern.(AU)

Inheritance, Realized Heritability, and Biochemical Mechanisms of Malathion Resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

To better characterize the resistance development and therefore establish effective pest management strategies, this study was undertaken to investigate the inheritance mode and biochemical mechanisms of malathion resistance in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), which is one of the most notorious pests in the world. After 22 generations of selection with malathion, the malathion-resistant (MR) strain of B. dorsalis developed a 34-fold resistance compared with a laboratory susceptible strain [malathion-susceptible (MS)]. Bioassay results showed that there was no significant difference between the LD50 values of malathion against the progenies from both reciprocal crosses (F(1)-SR and F(1)-RS). The degree of dominance values (D) was calculated as 0.39 and 0.32 for F(1)-RS and F(1)-SR, respectively. The logarithm dosage-probit mortality lines of the F(2) generation and progeny from the backcross showed no clear plateaus of mortality across a range of doses. In addition, Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences between the mortality data and the theoretical expectations. The realized heritability (h(2)) value was 0.16 in the laboratory-selected resistant strain of B. dorsalis. Enzymatic activities identified significant changes of carboxylesterases, cytochrome P450 (general oxidases), and glutathione S-transferases in MR compared with the MS strain of B. dorsalis. Taken together, this study revealed for the first time that malathion resistance in B. dorsalis follows an autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic mode of inheritance and is closely associated with significantly elevated activities of three major detoxification enzymes.

Genetics and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in a poultry population of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) from Pakistan.

Imidacloprid, a post-synaptic, nicotinic insecticide, has been commonly used for the management of different pests including Musca domestica worldwide. Many pests have developed resistance to this insecticide. A 16-fold imidacloprid-resistant population of M. domestica infesting poultry was selected using imidacloprid for 13 continuous generations to study the inheritance and realized heritability of resistance. Toxicological bioassay at G14 showed that the imidacloprid-selected population developed 106-fold resistance when compared to the susceptible population. Reciprocal crosses of susceptible and resistant populations showed an autosomal trait of resistance to imidacloprid in M. domestica. There was incompletely recessive resistance in F1 (Imida-SEL ♂ × Susceptible ♀) and F1(†) (Imida-SEL ♀ × Susceptible ♂) having dominance value 0.53 and 0.31, respectively. Monogenic model of inheritance showed that imidacloprid resistance was controlled by multiple factors. The realized heritability value was 0.09 in the imidacloprid-selected population of M. domestica. It was concluded that imidacloprid resistance in M. domestica was autosomally inherited, incompletely recessive and polygenic. These findings should be helpful for better and more successful management of M. domestica.