Incidence of acute kidney injury among COVID-19 patients in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the fundamental characteristics of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are respiratory manifestations, multi-organ failure including the kidney has been documented. There are no clear comparisons of COVID-19 cases with and without acute kidney injury (AKI) to show whether there are aspects of acute kidney injury progression path or outcome that are unique to this disease. METHODS: In this work, we analyzed the data of 734 COVID-19 cases admitted to the Ahmad Maher Teaching Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between June 6 and July 25, 2020. Data on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and outcomes were assessed. To assess the incidence rate of AKI in Egyptian COVID-19 patients, comparisons were carried out between home-isolated COVID-19 patients, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and ICU COVID-19-patients with or without AKI. RESULTS: AKI was more common in hospitalized mild COVID-19 patients than in home-isolated and ICU COVID-19 patients (15.0% versus 10.8% and 14.2%, respectively). The overall occurrence rate of AKI was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (n=91, 14%). Hemodialysis, on the other hand, was required in 76% of the extreme ICU COVID-19 patients who developed AKI (22/29). The absolute number of patients with AKI COVID-19 who required hemodialysis was 34 (37%). This accounted for 5.2% of all COVID-19 patients and 37% of those with AKI. The mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with or without AKI was 15.4% and 4.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: AKI in our COVID-19 patients is associated with a high mortality rate in ICU-COVID-19 patients. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 patients, particularly ICU COVID-19 patients, should be closely monitored for the development of AKI. Early identification of AKI, as well as prompt intervention, can improve COVID-19 patient outcomes.

[Self-injuring, a symptom retaining our attention]. / L'automutilation, ce symptôme qui retient notre attention.

Self-injuring is a process that usually occurs during adolescence; its prevalence has increased over recent years. Nowadays, nearly one out of six teenagers is concerned. The most frequent form is the «superficial¼ one and corresponds to the term NSSI (Non Suicidal Self Injury) recently mentioned in the third section of the DSM-5. More and more publicized, this practice may disturb. However, it reflects an underlying state of psychic suffering and should not be underestimated or dramatized. It has to be considered as a form of coping even if it is clearly damaging and, in some cases, may be connected to a higher suicidal risk. This article aims at raising the reader's attention to this expression of the patient's pain. A better approach of this symptom in its context enables to better understand its clinical significance and to adapt the therapeutical approach.

L'automutilation est un phénomène, habituellement rencontré durant l'adolescence, dont la prévalence a augmenté au cours des dernières années. Elle concerne aujourd'hui près d'un jeune sur six. La modalité dite «superficielle¼ est le plus fréquemment rencontrée et correspond au terme NSSI (Non Suicidal Self Injury) ou «lésions auto-infligées non suicidaires¼ récemment repris dans la section 3 du DSM-5. De plus en plus médiatisée, cette pratique interpelle. Elle reflète une souffrance psychique sous-jacente et ne doit être ni banalisée, ni dramatisée. Elle est à considérer comme un mode d'adaptation dommageable pouvant être associé à une augmentation du risque suicidaire. Le but de cet article est de sensibiliser le lecteur à cette forme d'expression de la souffrance chez un patient jeune. Mieux appréhender le geste dans son contexte permet d'en comprendre la valeur clinique et d'adapter la prise en charge.

Theory of mind in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) adolescents.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the present study is to investigate different facets of the theory of mind (ToM), i.e. first vs. third-person, first vs. second-order ToM, egocentric vs. allocentric perspective, in a clinical sample of 20 non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) adolescent inpatients and 20 healthy controls. METHODS: We investigated whether performance in ToM tasks was related to both the type and frequency of self-injuring behavior and attitude toward life and death, using a semi-structured interview and different self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: NSSI participants performed less well than the control group in all the ToM dimensions investigated. Furthermore, ToM performance was negatively related to Attraction to Death, in terms of both the type and frequency of self-injuring behavior, and it was positively related to Attraction to Life. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings have interesting implications for future clinical investigations, in that they provide previously unavailable information regarding the association between ToM and NSSI behavior.

Beyond medicalization: Self-injuring acts revisited.

For too long, medical/psychiatric and psychological studies, with focus on emotional sensitivity, personality traits, and correlation with psychopathology, have dominated research on self-injuring acts. The phenomenon thus has been defined as a predominantly medical issue. However, a large body of community prevalence studies show self-injuring acts to be a common phenomenon in society, and most of those who self-injure are unknown in psychiatric or other clinical settings. This article describes and analyzes the medicalization of self-injuring acts and argues a need to move research on self-injuring acts out of the medical paradigm. There is a need to explicitly explore the impact of social, cultural, structural, and gendered factors surrounding and influencing self-injuring acts. A non-medical approach, beyond the limits of the medical perspective, would feed research forward and create a more nuanced view on this widespread social phenomenon.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents in Amman, Jordan.

While previous research has demonstrated cross-national differences in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), most studies to date have taken place in North America. The present study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of NSSI in a sample of 952 Jordanian adolescents (49.8% female) between the ages of 11-19 years. Participants completed a screening measure to assess occurrence of NSSI and its characteristics. Results indicate an overall lifetime prevalence of 22.6% (n = 215), with significantly more males (26.98%, n = 129) than females (18.14%, n = 86) reporting having engaged in NSSI at least once in their lifetime. This study provides empirical evidence that adolescent engagement in NSSI occurs at similar prevalence levels in Jordan, relative to North American samples, whereas gender comparisons of prevalence and characteristics revealed several differences.

Ocorrência de Hylettus seniculus (Germar,1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), em pomares cítricos de Roraima, Brasil, e alternativas de controle / Hylettus seniculus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), occurrence in citric orchards of Roraima, Brazil, and controle alternative

A produção citrícola no estado de Roraima é limitada por alguns fatores, dentre os quais as pragas ocupam destaque especial. Nos últimos anos uma nova praga vem causando danos em vários pomares no Estado. Este trabalho objetivou identificar esta nova praga bem como descrever os principais sintomas e danos, visando a correta recomendação para o seu controle. Ramos e troncos infestados com o inseto, oriundos de vários pomares foram coletados e colocados em gaiolas teladas. Após a emergência, os espécimes foram mortos e acondicionados em frascos contendo álcool a 70 por cento e conduzidos para o Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos da UFPR, Curitiba-PR, para a identificação. O inseto foi identificado como Hylettus seniculus (Germar,1824)(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae),até então não citado como espécie de importância econômica para a citricultura de Roraima. Atribuiu-se sua ocorrência ao manejo fitossanitário inadequado dos pomares de citros; plantios velhos e abandonados; e a existência de hospedeiros florestais. Fatores estes considerados como favoráveis à proliferação e disseminação do inseto nos pomares.

The citriculture in Roraima state is limited by some factors, within which the pests have a special prominence. In the last years, a new plague has damaged on several orchards in the state. The objective of this work is to identify this new pest as well as to describe the main symptoms and damages, aiming a correct recommendation for its control. Infested branches and trunks were collected from several orchards and placed into cages. After emergency, the specimens were sacrificed, then conditioned in bottles with 70 percent ethanol, and lead to the Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos-UFPR, Curitiba-PR, for the identification. The insect was identified as Hylettus seniculus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), until this momment, it was not cited as a species of economic importance for the citriculture of the state. Furthermore, its occurrence has been associated with inadequate fitossanitary control, old and abandoned orchards, and the existence of forest hosts. Such factors are considered favorable to the dissemination of this insect in the orchards.