Temporal trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the public healthcare system in Brazil: A large population-based study.

Background: Population-based data on epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to define temporal trends of incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Brazil. Methods: All IBD patients from the public healthcare national system were included from January 2012 to December 2020. Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-linear regression for incidence and binomial regression for prevalence. Moran's I autocorrelation index was used to analyse clustering of cities by level of prevalence. Findings: A total of 212,026 IBD patients were included. Incidence of IBD rose from 9.4 in 2012 to 9.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=0.8%; 95% CI -0.37, 1.99); for UC, incidence increased from 5.7 to 6.9 per 100,000 (AAPC=3.0%; 95% CI 1.51, 4.58) and for CD incidence decreased from 3.7 to 2.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=-3.2%; 95% CI -4.45, -2.02). Prevalence of IBD increased from 30.0 in 2012 to 100.1 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=14.8%; CI 14.78-14.95); for UC, from 15.7 to 56.5 per 100,000 (AAPC=16.0%; CI 15.94, 16.17); for CD from 12.6 to 33.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=12.1% CI 11.95, 12.02). A south-north gradient was observed in 2020 prevalence rates of IBD [I=0.40 (p<0.0001)], CD [I=0.22 (p<0.0001)] and UC [I=0.42 (p<0.0001)]. Interpretation: Incidence of CD is decreasing whereas of UC is increasing, leading to stabilization in the incidence of IBD from 2012 to 2020 in Brazil. Prevalence of IBD has been climbing with 0.1% of Brazilians living with IBD in 2020. Funding: None.

A new, narrowly distributed, and critically endangered species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Distrito Federal, Central Brazil

A new species of Characidium is described from the Cerrado biome, in Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil. The new species can be readily diagnosed by the presence of two or three longitudinal rows of dots along the body sides, absence of bars, by the short pectoral fin, which does not reach the vertical through the dorsal fin origin. Additional useful diagnostic characters are the scaled isthmus, absence of the adipose fin, and the terminal mouth. The new species is only known from the córrego Taquara and its tributaries, a tributary of ribeirão do Gama, upstream from lago Paranoá, in the upper rio Paraná basin. In accordance to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species is categorized as Critically Endangered.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Characidium é descrita do bioma Cerrado em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil Central. A nova espécie pode ser diagnosticada pela presença de duas ou três fileiras longitudinais de pontos no corpo, ausência de barras e nadadeira peitoral curta, que não alcança a vertical que passa pela origem da nadadeira dorsal. Caracteres adicionais úteis na diagnose são o istmo escamado, a ausência da nadadeira adiposa e a boca terminal. A nova espécie é conhecida apenas do córrego Taquara e seus tributários, tributário do ribeirão do Gama a montante do Lago Paranoá, na bacia do alto rio Paraná. De acordo com os Critérios e Categorias para Listas Vermelhas da IUCN, a nova espécie é categorizada como uma Criticamente Ameaçada.(AU)

Origem inusitada da pesquisa qualitativa em ciências sociais no Brasil / The unusual origin of qualitative social science research in Brazil

Resumo Analisa-se como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) foi o berço do método qualitativo no Brasil, por meio do Estudo Nacional da Despesa Familiar. Essa pesquisa analisou as condições de vida da população brasileira, numa amostra de 55.311 pessoas nos anos 1970, em que foram triangulados dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Evidenciaram-se os efeitos na desigualdade social sobre a desnutrição, a mortalidade infantil e a expectativa de vida: 62,7% das famílias possuíam deficiência calórica; 40%, penúria alimentar; havia 115 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos; e a expectativa de vida era de apenas 59 anos. Cunhado pelo IBGE como "informações não estruturadas", o estudo qualitativo lançou luz sobre e humanizou os números coletados. Mas sua divulgação foi proibida pela ditadura militar, na época do chamado "milagre brasileiro".

Abstract We describe how the IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) was the cradle of the qualitative method in Brazil, through its National Study of Family Spending. This study analyzed the living conditions of the people of Brazil, sampling 55,311 individuals in the 1970s and merging quantitative and qualitative data. The effects of social inequality on malnutrition, infant mortality and life expectancy stood out: 62.7% of families had caloric deficit; 40% suffered from shortage of food; there were 115 deaths per 1,000 live births and the life expectancy was 59 years. The IBGE coined the term "unstructured information" for the data, and the qualitative study shone light on and humanized the data collected. However, the military dictatorship prohibited its publication during the time of the so-called "Brazilian miracle."

Tri-allelic pattern at the TPOX locus: a familial study.

Alleles at the TPOX STR locus have 6-14 different numbers of a four-nucleotide (AATG) repeat motif arranged in tandem. Although tri-allelic genotypes are generally rare, the TPOX tri-allelic pattern has a higher frequency, varying widely among populations. Despite this, there are few accurate reports to disclose the nature of the TPOX third allele. In this work we present data obtained from 45 individuals belonging to the same pedigree, in which there are cases of tri-allelic TPOX genotypes. The subjects were apparently healthy with a normal biological development. We noticed six tri-allelic cases in this family, and all of them were women. Karyotype analysis showed no occurrence of partial 2p trisomy. All the tri-allelic cases had the genotype 8-10-11, probably due to three copies of the TPOX STR sequence in all cells (Type 2 tri-allelic pattern). Based on previous data we assumed the allele 10 as the TPOX third allele. The pedigree analyses show evidences that the TPOX extra-allele was the allele10, it is placed far from the main TPOX locus, and that there is a potential linkage of the TPOX extra-allele-10 with Xq. This was the first study that included a large pedigree analysis in order to understand the nature TPOX tri-allelic pattern.

O arquivo fotográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e o olhar de Tibor Jablonszky sobre o trabalho feminino / The photographic archive of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and Tibor Jablonszky's view of female labor

No intuito de dar visibilidade ao arquivo fotográfico das excursões geográficas promovidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística para reconhecimento do território nacional, o artigo mostra suas condições de formação e seu uso como fonte histórica. Aborda a apresentação das imagens e o inventário de temas e lugares na produção de Tibor Jablonszky no que se refere às representações construídas sobre trabalho feminino no Brasil nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, segundo o ponto de vista do fotógrafo a serviço de uma instituição de governo.

Shining a light on the photographic archive of geographic missions assigned to do reconnaissance of the country's territory, sponsored by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the article describes the conditions under which this archive was compiled and how it can serve as a historical source. It addresses the presentation of images and the range of topics and places found in Tibor Jablonszky's work as far as the representations that this photographer constructed of female labor in Brazil during the 1950s and 1960s, from the viewpoint of a photographer working for a government agency.