ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal con el objetivo de caracterizar a un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de Asma bronquial,quienes fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Neumológico Docente, en el periodo de noviembre del 2007 hasta abril del 2008. La muestra estuvo constituida por 148 pacientes, a los que se les realizó una entrevista estructurada para obtener la información necesaria para el desarrollo de la investigación. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas: edad de comienzo de la enfermedad, frecuencia de crisis, tratamiento intercrisis, frecuencia con que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias y seguimiento en consulta. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes estudiados se encontraban en el grupo de 36-45 años, destacándose el sexo femenino. El mayor número del total de pacientes estudiados fue diagnosticado antes de los 5 años de edad. La mayoría de los que presentaba más de 10 crisis anuales no tenían tratamiento intercrisis. Los que no tenían seguimiento en consulta acudieron con mayor frecuencia al Servicio de Urgencias.
A transversal, prospective and descriptive study was done with the objective of characterizing a group of patients with a diagnosis of Bronchial Asthma that were attended in the emergency service at the Educational Neumological Hospital, in the period from November 2007 to April 2008. This study was formed by 148 patients who were interviewed structurally to obtain the necessary information for the development of investigation. Some sociodemografic variables were studied, age of the beginning of the disease, frecuency of crisis, intercrisis treatment, the frecuency they go to the emergency service and appointment continuation. The most porcentage of studied patients were founded in the group of 36- 45 years old perdominating the female sex. The most number of the total of studied patients was diagnosed before 5 years of age. Most of them that had more than 10 cisis annually didnt have intercrisis treatment. Those who didnt have an appointment continuation went with more frecuency to the emergency service.
ABSTRACT
Em todos os países do mundo, a asma é considerada a doença crônica mais comum da infância, resultando em absenteísmo escolar, gasto com medicamentos e internações e necessidade de tratamento prolongado para os pacientes classificados como moderados e graves. A classificação da gravidade da asma nos períodos entre crises, de acordo com o "II Consenso Brasileiro no Manejo da Asma", pode ser dividida em leve, moderada e grave, baseada na freqüência das crises, testes de função pulmonar, sintomas, qualidade de vida e necessidade de medicamentos. Algumas modalidades terapêutica e "approach" clínico, são abordados com propósito de melhor planejar e tratar o paciente pediátrico na intercrise.
All over the world, astha is considered the most common chronic disease in childhood, resulting in school absenteism, money spent in medications and hospitalizations and need of prolongated treatment for patients classified as moderate and severe asmathicus. Scoring asthma in the intercritic period hels the therapeutic approach, and beside the existence of many classifications and clinical scores, the "II Consenso Brasileiro no Manejo da Asma" classifies asthma in the intercritic period as mild, moderate and severe based upon the number of asthmatic crisis, pulmonary function tests, symptoms, patient's activity, sleepin disorders and drug discussed, with the proposal of a better care plan to trat the asthmatic children in the intercritc period.
