[Cultural and relational sharing in patient care in Africa]. / Le partage culturel et relationnel dans la prise en charge des patients en Afrique.

Nursing students from a nursing training institute (Ifsi) in Seine-Saint-Denis, we had the opportunity to experience an intercultural internship in Africa. It is this experience that we wish to convey through this article, by highlighting the cultural encounter and the richness of the various existing relationships, shared through this unique experience.

La hegemonía del modelo biomédico desde las representaciones del personal de salud en el contexto de un modelo de atención en salud con enfoque intercultural en Chugchilán, Ecuador / The Hegemony of the Biomedical Model from the representations of health care worker in the context of a health care model with an intercultural approach in Chugchilán, Ecuador

Resumen Este artículo pretende conocer cómo se pone en práctica el enfoque intercultural en el contexto del Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud con enfoque Familiar, Comunitario e Intercultural en Chugchilán (Ecuador), mediante los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas que aplica el equipo de salud en la atención materno-infantil. Estudio etnográfico, en que participaron 21 profesionales sanitarios entre profesionales indígenas -técnicos de atención primaria de salud- y no indígenas del Centro de Salud. Las técnicas llevadas a cabo fueron observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos generados se analizaron mediante análisis del contenido temático. El análisis de los datos evidenció que la hegemonía del modelo biomédico operante podría constituir una limitación en el desarrollo del enfoque intercultural, sin embargo, el personal de salud indígena, desde su rol ambiguo y contrario al modelo biomédico, emerge como un elemento contrahegemónico y articulador real entre los saberes biomédicos e indígenas en contextos interculturales de atención-autoatención.

Abstract This article aims to discover the intercultural practical approach in the context of the Comprehensive Healthcare Model within family, community, and interculturality in Chugchilán, Ecuador, via the recognition of knowledge, perceptions, and practices applied by the health team in maternal and child care. In this ethnographic study 21 health professionals, both Indigenous and non-indigenous from Chugchilán Health Center have participated, among the Indigenous health care workers were the primary health care technicians. The techniques applied were participant observation and in-depth interviews. The observed scenarios were the Health Center and excursion with community to record their daily life experiences. The generated data were examined using thematic content analysis. It showed that the operating biomedical hegemonic model could constitute one of the main limitations in the development of the intercultural approach. Even though Indigenous healthcare team holds an ambiguous and sometimes contrary role to the biomedical model, it has emerged as a counter-hegemonic element and real conciliator between biomedical and indigenous knowledge in intercultural contexts of care-self-care.

Atención sanitaria intercultural desde la perspectiva de estudiantes, docentes y autoridades de enfermería: estudio fenomenográfico / Intercultural health care from the perspective of students, teachers and nursing authorities: phenomenographic study

Objetivo principal: comprender el significado que se otorga a la atención sanitaria basada en interculturalidad desde la perspectiva de estudiantes, docentes de enfermería y autoridades de la facultad de medicina. Metodología: estudio cualitativo fenomenográfico, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, participaron 17 agentes claves, entre estudiantes, docentes y autoridades de carrera y facultad, elegidas por muestreo opinático a estudiantes y docentes e invitación a autoridades. Resultados principales: Se descubrieron tres formas cualitativamente diferentes de concebir la Atención Sanitaria Basada en Intrculturalidad (ASBI): (a) Atributos que componen ASBI; (b) Concepción teórica ASBI; (c) Enfoque integrativo de la ASBI. Conclusión principal: destaca la importancia de la intercultural en la formación de enfermeras. Enfatiza la aplicación práctica de este conocimiento en ASBI en la atención sanitaria, promoviendo el respeto, la empatía y la comunicación efectiva para una atención más humana y sensible a la diversidad cultural.(AU)

Objective: to understand the meaning given to health care based on interculturality from the perspective of students, nursing professors and authorities of the medical school. Methods: qualitative phenomenographic study, through semi-structured interviews in which 17 key agents participated, including students, teachers and career authorities, chosen by opinion sampling to students and teachers and invitation to nursing authorities. Results: Three qualitatively different ways of conceiving Interculturality-Based Health Care (ASBI) were discovered: (a) Attributes that make up ASBI; (b) ASBI theoretical conception; (c) ASBI Integrative Approach. Conclusions: underscores the importance of interculturality in nursing education. Emphasizes the practical application of this knowledge in ASBI in health care, promoting respect, empathy and effective communication for more humane care that is sensitive to cultural diversity.(AU)

Interculturalidad e infancia rural: trabajo y cuidado en La Araucanía, Chile / Interculturality and rural childhood: work and care in La Araucanía, Chile

(analítico) Desde una mirada intercultural, se exploraron los significados de infancia en la agricultura familiar campesina, así como sus implicaciones en términos de trabajo y provisión de cuidados a niños y niñas. A partir de la tensión entre los significados universales de infancia basados en un enfoque de derechos y el trabajo en el campo del cual participan las personas desde temprana edad, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con diseño de teoría fundamentada y aplicación de entrevistas a mujeres cuidadoras y profesionales de programas de desarrollo rural en Chile. Se evidenció que a medida que la infancia aumenta en actoría social, disminuyen las prácticas de trabajo y se profundizan las de cuidado. Los resultados alientan a pensar en la proyección de una ontología de la niñez rural.

(analytical) Using an intercultural perspective, this study explores the meanings of childhood in the rural peasant population, as well as the implications of these meanings on the allocation of tasks and providing care to boys and girls. Taking into account the tension between universal meanings of childhood that draw on rights-based perspectives and the traditional practice of children working in agriculture, we conducted a qualitative study using a grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with women caregivers and staff who work in rural development programs in Chile. The study's results show that as childhood has had an increasing value with children becoming more and more recognized as social actors, traditional child work practices in agriculture have decreased and care practices have been strengthened. The author concludes that the results of the research have consequences when thinking about an ontology for rural children.

(analítico) A partir de uma perspectiva intercultural, exploramos os significados da infância entre famílias voltadas para agricultura familiar camponesa, bem como suas implicações em termos de trabalho e prestação de cuidados às meninos e meninas. Considerando a tensão existente entre os significados universais da infância a partir de uma abordagem de direitos e o trabalho no campo, no qual as pessoas se engajam desde muito cedo, realizamos um estudo qualitativo, com base na teoria fundamentada, onde realizamos entrevistas com mulheres cuidadoras e profissionais dos programas de desenvolvimento rural no Chile. Evidenciamos que à medida que a infância adquiriu um valor ao nível da atuação social, as práticas de trabalho diminuíram e as práticas de cuidado se aprofundaram. Conclui-se sobre as consequências dos resultados para pensar uma ontologia da infância rural.

Vulnerability assessment of debris flow in the central Peruvian rainforest - An intercultural approach.

For several decades, calamitous debris flows have inflicted profound negative impact on Peruvian rainforest society, encompassing both economic losses and human casualties. To address this concern, this study proposes a methodological tool to assess vulnerability while focusing on intercultural nuances. The contextual analysis of the incident reports identifies La Merced (Junín, Perú) as a severely affected locality, thereby justifying its selection for a detailed case study on the Pampa del Carmen sector. The study conducted a thorough systematic review of parameters such as diglossia, poverty, and origin that are crucial for vulnerability assessment. Moreover, these parameters aided in developing a structured digital survey. The integration of survey data into the analytic hierarchy process revealed high levels of vulnerability in the sector, emphasizing the imminent need for targeted interventions. The intercultural approach is significant as it facilitates future risk mitigation strategies based on effective integration and genuine acknowledgment of social dynamics and individual freedoms within the region for devising impactful risk management policies and plans.

Adaptación a la vida universitaria de estudiantes indígenas de comunas rurales del Norte Grande de Chile. Un estudio cualitativo / The adaptation to university life of indigenous students from rural communities in the Norte Grande of Chile. A qualitative study

Introducción: La adaptación a la vida universitaria es un proceso multidimensional en el que se llevan a cabo conjuntamente diversas transiciones y desafíos a los que se enfrenta el estudiante. Las medidas de inducción adoptadas por las universidades se centran en un perfil generalizado del estudiantado y dejan fuera los aspectos particulares, como es el caso de los indígenas de zonas rurales. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la adaptación a la vida universitaria desde la perspectiva del estudiante indígena de comunas rurales del Norte Grande de Chile. Sujetos y métodos: La metodología de este estudio es cualitativa mediante la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete participantes estudiantes indígenas de pregrado y se presentan los resultados relacionales hasta la etapa de codificación axial. Resultados: Los resultados muestran factores condicionantes, como el cambio cultural, la separación familiar y las demandas académicas; y factores de éxito en la adaptación y el apoyo social, y en mejoras de las estrategias de aprendizaje y comunicativas, y estos dos elementos son esenciales para generar una sensación de superación. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que se adaptan exitosamente al ambiente educativo universitario integran un círculo social en el que pueden transmitir ideas e inquietudes; en el contexto académico aprenden y colaboran con el resto; y en un ambiente social descubren y conocen la vida urbana.(AU)

Introduction: The adaptation to university life is a multidimensional process in which various transitions and challenges are collectively undertaken by the students. The induction measures adopted by universities focus on a generalized profile of the student body, leaving out particular aspects such as indigenous students from rural areas. Aim: To analyze the factors associated with adaptation to university life from the perspective of indigenous students from rural communities in the Northern region of Chile. Subjects and methods: This study is qualitative, using Grounded Theory, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven indigenous undergraduate participants. The relational results up to the axial coding stage are presented. Results: The results show conditioning factors such as cultural change, separation from family, and academic demands. Success factors in adaptation include social support in improving learning and communication strategies, which are two essential elements for generating a sense of achievement. Conclusion: A student who successfully adapts to the university educational environment integrates into a social circle where they can convey ideas and concerns, learns and collaborates with others in an academic context, and discovers and learns about urban life in a social environment.(AU)

Snakebites from the standpoint of an indigenous anthropologist from the Brazilian Amazon.

Conflicting attempts between indigenous caregivers trying to exercise their healing practices in hospitals have been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon. In this work, we present an interview with the Baniwa indigenous anthropologist Francy Baniwa. In an external and colonial interpretation, it was previously stated that indigenous people attribute the origin of snakebites as supernatural and that indigenous medicine, when it saves a patient from complications and death, has symbolic efficacy. In this interview, we observed that this form of interpretation is asymmetric because, for indigenous people, their understanding of nature is broader than ours, with more possibilities of ways of existence, including non-human entities as well or ill-intentioned as humans. The interaction of humans with these identities produces a form of existence with its own clinical reality, which is full of symbolism. Effective communication between health agents and indigenous patients and caregivers must undergo this exercise of otherness and interculturality.

Bioética, biopolítica e interculturalidad en salud pública: estudio de caso del Hospital Mama Dominga

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo da cuenta de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación, cuyo objetivo fue la propuesta de un aporte desde la Bioética y la Biopolítica para la reformulación de un modelo de salud pertinente con las necesidades del contexto sociocultural de la población atendida por el Hospital Mama Dominga en Silvia, Cauca, Colombia. Metodología/Enfoque. El estudio siguió un corte fundamentalmente cualitativo, se privilegiaron las fuentes documentales y de sondeo, así como las observaciones propias del investigador. Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados ofrecen un acercamiento a la apreciación del pueblo Misak sobre la salud y su sistema de atención y resaltan la necesidad de apertura de diálogos realmente horizontales en ámbitos de ciencia y cultura, en pro del mejoramiento del bienestar de las comunidades tradicionales en el país. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. A partir de la lectura de referentes teóricos y su correlación contextual con el desarrollo histórico de la salud en el Cauca, especialmente en el resguardo de Guambía con la comunidad Misak, se estableció una línea de análisis sobre la pertinencia de los modelos de atención en salud en contextos rurales o tradicionales y las oportunidades de transformación desde experiencias, historia y conocimientos propios de la población.

Purpose/Background. This article presents the results of a research project which objective was to propose a contribution, from bioethics and biopolitics, for the reformulation of a health attention model according with the needs of the community attended by Mama Dominga Hospital in Silvia, Cauca (Colombia) in their own sociocultural context. Methodology/Approach. The study fundamentally followed a qualitative approach, favouring documentary sources, polls, interviews and observations from the researcher. Results/Findings. The results offer an approach to the Misak conception about health and its attention system, and highlight the importance of promoting truly horizontal dialogues in science and culture spaces, in favor of the wellbeing improvement of traditional communities across the country. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. Parting from theoretical references and their contextual correlation with the historical development of health policies in Cauca -specially the Guambía Reservation with Misak people-, it was possible to set an analysis line about health attention models and their pertinence in rural and/or traditional contexts, and their adjustment opportunities by listening to experiences, history and knowledge that come from the own community.

Objetivo/Contexto. Este artigo relata os resultados de um projeto de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi propor uma contribuição da Bioética e da Biopolítica para a reformulação de um modelo de saúde relevante para as necessidades do contexto sociocultural da população atendida pelo Hospital Mama Dominga em Silvia, Cauca, Colômbia. Metodologia/Abordagem. O estudo seguiu uma abordagem fundamentalmente qualitativa, dando prioridade a fontes documentais e de pesquisa, bem como às observações do próprio pesquisador. Resultados/Descobertas. Os resultados oferecem uma abordagem da apreciação do povo Misak sobre a saúde e seu sistema de saúde e destacam a necessidade de abrir diálogos verdadeiramente horizontais nos campos da ciência e da cultura, a fim de melhorar o bem-estar das comunidades tradicionais do país. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. Com base na leitura de referências teóricas e sua correlação contextual com o desenvolvimento histórico da saúde no Cauca, especialmente na reserva de Guambía com a comunidade Misak, foi estabelecida uma linha de análise sobre a pertinência dos modelos de atenção à saúde em contextos rurais ou tradicionais e as oportunidades de transformação com base nas experiências, na história e no conhecimento da população.

Racial microaggressions and interculturality in remote Central Australian Aboriginal healthcare.

BACKGROUND: An epidemic of type 2 diabetes in remote Aboriginal people in Central Australia, contributes to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Remote non-Aboriginal Health Care Workers (HCW) and the Aboriginal people they serve inhabit a complex cultural interface. This study aimed to recognise racial microaggressions in the everyday discourse of HCWs. It proposes a model of interculturality for remote HCWs that avoids racialisation and essentialising of Aboriginal people's identities and cultures. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were undertaken with HCWs from two Primary Health Care services in very remote Central Australia. Fourteen interviews were analysed from seven Remote Area Nurse, five Remote Medical Practitioners and two Aboriginal Health Practitioners. Discourse analysis was employed to explore racial microaggressions and power relations. NVivo software assisted in the thematic organisation of microaggressions according to a predefined taxonomy. RESULTS: Seven microaggression themes were identified - racial categorization and sameness, assumptions about intelligence and competence, false colour blindness, criminality and dangerousness, reverse racism and hostility, treatment as second-class citizens and pathologizing culture. A model of interculturality for remote HCWs was based on concepts of the third space, deCentred hybrid identities and small culture formation on-the-go combined with a duty-conscious ethic, cultural safety and humility. CONCLUSIONS: Racial microaggressions are common in the discourse of remote HCWs. The model of interculturality proposed could improve intercultural communication and relationships between HCWs and Aboriginal people. This improved engagement is required to address the current diabetes epidemic in Central Australia.

Special issue "reflecting on Freire: a praxis of radical love and critical hope for science education"-theme: transnational collaborations and solidarities: Transnational conversations about science education: Paulo Freire, interculturality and socio-political transformation.

In this article I will examine some of the issues raised by the following three articles in this special issue about Paulo Freire and science education: Jenny Tilsen's "The freshness of irreverence": learning from ACT UP towards socio-political action in science education"; Suzani Cassiani and Irlan von Linsingen's "Freirean inspirations in solidary internationalism between East Timor and Brazil in science education"; and Gonzalo Peñalosa, Jairo Robles-Piñeros and Geilsa Costa Santos Baptista's "Science Education and Cultural Diversity: Freire's Concept of Dialogue as Theoretical Lens to Study the Classroom Discourse of Science Teachers". Brought together within this special issue under the theme of Transnational collaborations and solidarities, these articles explore the possibilities and tensions that emerge from thinking and practicing a Freirean-inspired science education that enables socio-political action and transformation by marginalised communities across the world. In this review, I will focus on ideas raised (to different extents) across these articles around three interrelated areas-interculturality and decoloniality, socio-political transformation, and teacher education and work-with the aim of expanding on what transnational inspirations and collaborations such as the ones promoted by this special issue can mean to those of us across the world working against the grain of marginalisation and dehumanisation (of students and teachers) from within science education.

Epidemiologia e emancipação humana: uma revisita aos princípios da justiça / Epidemiology and human emancipation: revisiting the principles of justice

RESUMO A epidemiologia, apesar de suas origens sócio-históricas, tornou-se hegemonicamente individual, linear, com clivagens entre os hemisférios norte e sul, entre método e teoria crítica, de onde emerge a necessidade de uma epidemiologia voltada à emancipação humana. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar de que forma a epidemiologia contra-hegemônica tem contribuído para práticas efetivas de emancipação humana na saúde pública nos diferentes níveis de justiça. Realizou-se revisão integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, Assia, Embase e SA e análise temática e cross-case. Diante de lentes ajustadas à epidemiologia crítica, reconstituímos os tensionamentos entre as diferentes formas de emancipações política e humana, nos níveis de justiça cognitiva, socioambiental e de saúde. O primeiro nível, cognitivo, é atravessado pela razão de mundo e pelo pensamento abissal e envolve os demais. O nível socioambiental foi ancorado no metabolismo socionatural-histórico e o de saúde, angustia-se entre o bem viver e as lutas fragmentadas pelos direitos à saúde universal, frente à espoliação do setor. No enfrentamento ao modelo de acumulação de capital, devemos valorizar a interculturalidade e a subjetividade. Evidenciou-se que a 'Epistemologia do Sul' remete a um pensamento descolonizador, orientando metodologias capazes de potencializar descobertas bem como desmistificar as relações sociais.

ABSTRACT Epidemiology, despite its socio-historical origins, has become hegemonically individual and linear, with the north-southern hemispheres divide, methodology and critical theory, which calls for a human emancipation oriented epidemiology. The aim of this article is to assess how critical epidemiology has contributed to effective human emancipation practices in public health, at different justice levels. An Integrative review was performed, with searches in PubMed, VHL, ASSIA, EMBASE and SA databases and thematic and cross-case analysis. Elaborating through critical counter-hegemonic epidemiology adjusted lens, we reconstitute the tension between different modes of human and political emancipations, at the levels of cognitive, socio-environmental and health justice. The cognitive level is crossed by the 'way of the world' and the 'abyssal' thinking and involves the other levels. The socio-environmental level was anchored in the historical socio-natural metabolism and that of health, anguishes between well-being and the fragmented struggles for universal health rights, as opposed to the spoliation of the sector. In confronting the capital accumulation model, it's essential to value interculturality and subjectivity We found evidence that the 'Epistemology of the South' points out to a decolonizing thought-oriented methodology, capable of enhancing discoveries and demystifying social relations.

Salvajes, indígenas, cojas, inválidas: Epistemologías anticapacitistas del Sur / Selvagem, indígena, coxo, inválido: epistemologias anticapacitistas do Sul / Wild, Indigenous, Lame, Invalid: Anti-Ableist Epistemologies of the South

Resumen El objetivo del manuscrito es presentar una primera aproximación a una propuesta epistemológica que reflexione y se ocupe de la construcción y legitimación de conocimientos generados desde corporeidades abyectas, anormales o tullidas geopolíticamente ubicadas al Sur. Pone especial atención al sistema sexo-género-capacidad en la organización social y epistemológica del saber. En ese devenir, identificamos una posicionalidad y riqueza desperdiciada para el análisis y transformación social regional como resultado de un ordenamiento moderno colonial. De ahí que esta propuesta se inscriba dentro del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano para reflexionar sobre esos lugares otros de enunciación abyecta.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma abordagem inicial de uma proposta epistemológica que reflita e lide com a construção e a legitimação do conhecimento gerado a partir de corporeidades abjetas, anormais ou inválidas, geopoliticamente localizadas no Sul. Dá atenção especial ao sistema de sexo-gênero-capacidade na organização social e epistemológica do saber. No processo, identificamos uma posição e uma riqueza desperdiçadas para a análise e transformação social regional como resultado de uma ordem colonial moderna. Por isso, esta proposta se inscreve no pensamento crítico latino-americano para refletir sobre esses outros lugares de enunciação abjeta.

Abstract The aim of the article was to present a first approach to an epistemological proposal that reflects on and deals with the construction and legitimation of knowledge generated from abject, abnormal, or crippled corporeities geopolitically located in the South. It pays special attention to the sex-gender-ability system in the social and epistemological organization of knowledge. In this development, we identify a positionality and wasted wealth for regional social analysis and transformation as a result of a modern colonial order. Hence, this proposal is inscribed within the Latin American critical thinking to reflect on those other places of abject enunciation.

Diseño del Programa de Educación Intercultural a distancia, mención salud, de la Universidad Indígena de Venezuela / Design of the distance Intercultural Education Program, health mention, of the indigenous University of Venezuela

A pesar de la puesta en práctica de la Ley de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe para los Pueblos indígenas en América Latina, son pocos los países en los que se consideraron elementos de sus costumbres para construir una verdadera educación intercultural. Reconocer las características propias de cada Pueblo, admite abordar las culturas bajo una educación que incida de manera certera en cada individuo. Las culturas se identifican a través de códigos estructurados en años de historia, dando identidad a cada Pueblo. Construir la educación a través de esos códigos, permitirá bajo el espacio que los representa, diseñarlos en términos que identifican su etnicidad. Las poblaciones indígenas se encuentran esparcidas a través del territorio nacional, dificultando en gran medida el alcance de la educación para todos. La Universidad Indígena de Venezuela no escapa a esa realidad. Por tanto, se pretende con este trabajo realizar un modelo de educación a distancia utilizando los códigos que le dan identidad, diseñando el espacio que los representa, a través del aula virtual bajo el programa de formación de licenciados en salud intercultural(AU)

Despite the implementation of the Law on Intercultural Bilingual Education for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America, few countries have considered elements of their customs to build a true education in terms of interculturality. Recognizing the characteristics of each People, admits to approach the cultures under an education that affects in an accurate way in each individual. Each culture is identified through codes structured in years of history, giving identity to each People. Building education through these codes will allow under the space that represents them, to design it in terms that identify their ethnicity. Rural and indigenous populations in particular are scattered throughout the national territory, which greatly hinders the scope of education for all, and the Indigenous University of Venezuela does not escape that reality. Therefore, it is intended with this work to make a model of distance education using the codes that give it identity, designing the space that represents them, through the virtual classroom under the training program for graduates in intercultural health(AU)

Práticas corporais na Amazônia: contribuições para o currículo cultural na escola / Body practices in the Amazon: contributions to the cultural curriculum at school / Prácticas corporales en la Amazonia: aportes al currículum cultural en la escuela

O processo de escolarização brasileiro, alicerçado pelo prisma da modernidade, fortaleceu no cotidiano escolar a predominância de práticas pedagógicas homogêneas e monoculturais que não dialogam com a diversidade cultural presente na escola. Argumentamos que esse cenário traz implicações para o processo educativo e para a formação do sujeito, além de provocar tensões ou conformidade diante da (in)adequação frente à cultura dominante. Diante disso, o presente artigo analisa as interseções entre cultura, escola e práticas corporais desenvolvidas na Amazônia para a valorização dos sujeitos e significação do processo de aprendizagens à luz da interculturalidade crítica e da educação física cultural. O diálogo com o campo teórico opõe-se aos modelos vigentes de pensar e construir a educação e tensiona em favor do reconhecimento dos diferentes conhecimentos, da valorização e do respeito à diversidade de sujeitos e culturas para a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática, plural e humana. (AU)

The Brazilian schooling process, based on the prism of modernity, has strengthened in everyday schools the predominance of homogeneous and monocultural pedagogical practices that do not dialogue with the cultural diversity present in schools. It is argued that this scenario has implications for the educational process and the formation of the subject, besides causing tensions or conformity in the face of (in)adequacy to the dominant culture. Therefore, this article analyzes the intersections between culture, school and body practices developed in the Amazon towards the valorization of subjects and the significance of the learning process in the light of critical interculturality and cultural physical education. The dialogue with the theoretical field opposes the current models of thinking and building education and tenses in favor of recognizing different knowledge, valuing and respecting the diversity of subjects and cultures for the construction of a more democratic, plural and human society. (AU)

El proceso de escolarización brasileño, basado en el prisma de la modernidad, fortaleció en el cotidiano escolar el predominio de prácticas pedagógicas homogéneas y monoculturales que no dialogan con la diversidad cultural presente en la escuela. Se argumenta que este escenario tiene implicaciones para el proceso educativo y para la formación del sujeto, además de provocar tensiones o conformismo delante de la (in)adecuación frente a la cultura dominante. Por lo tanto, este artículo analiza las intersecciones entre cultura, escuela y prácticas corporales desarrolladas en la Amazonía para la apreciación de los sujetos y el sentido del proceso de aprendizaje a la luz de la interculturalidad crítica y la educación física cultural. El diálogo con el campo teórico se contrapone a los modelos vigentes de pensar y construir la educación y se incide a favor del reconocimiento de los saberes diferentes, la valoración y el respeto a la diversidad de sujetos y culturas para la construcción de una sociedad más democrática, plural y humana. (AU)

Cuidados en el consultorio y en el hogar ante la vacunación infantil: Perspectiva de las enfermeras y las madres / Office and home care for childhood vaccination: perspective of nurses and mothers

Objetivo: Describir los cuidados en el consultorio y en el hogar ante la vacunación infantil desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras y las madres. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño etnográfico, la muestra fue ron 12 enfermeras, y 11 madres oriundas de Olmos-Perú. Los datos fueron reco lectados mediante la entrevista etnográ fica y observación participante registra dos en un diario de campo, y procesados mediante análisis temático. Resultados: a) Cuidados en el consultorio para calmar al niño durante la vacunación, b) Educación sobre las reacciones postvacunales para los cui dados en el hogar, c) Cuidados en el ho gar ante las reacciones postvacunales. Conclusión: Algunos de los cui dados que realizan las madres en su ho gar, divergen con los cuidados que re comienda el profesional de enfermería en el consultorio de atención integral del niño (AU)

To describe and analyze the in tercultural nurse-mother strategies during child immunization. Methods: Qualitative research with ethnographic design, the sample was 12 nurses and 11 mothers from Ol mos-Peru. The data was collected th rough the ethnographic interview and participant observation recorded in a field diary, and processed through thematic analysis. Results: a) Office care to calm the child during vaccination, b) Education on post-vaccination reactions for home care, c) Home care for post-vaccination reac tions. Conclusion: Some of the care performed by mothers at home diverges from the care recommended by the nur sing professional in the child's com prehensive care office (AU)

Prácticas culturales en la lactancia materna. Revisión integrativa. / Cultural Practices In Breastfeeding: Integrative Review

Introducción: Existen muchas culturas con sus propias creencias y costumbres con respecto a la lactancia materna. Estas costumbres pueden ser correctas o incorrectas, por tanto, el profesional debe hacer uso de la interculturalidad. Objetivo: Describir y analizar las prácticas culturales en la lactancia materna. Método: Revisión Integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos: Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink y BVS. Resultados: Los 16 artículos seleccionados, se analizaron en 5 categorías: Prácticas culturales que deben reestructurarse, razones para la introducción de otros alimentos, prácticas culturales que deben acomodarse, prácticas culturales que pueden mantenerse, influencia sociocultural. Conclusión: Existen prácticas culturales que deben reestructurarse (uso del agua, leche de vaca, cabra, mantequilla antes de los 6 meses de edad); otras que deben acomodarse (descarte del calostro) y otras que deben mantenerse (uso de alimentos que mejoran la producción láctea). Las personas cercanas a la madre (sus madres y suegras) son las que más influyen; por ello, lo que debe procurar el profesional de la salud, es ejecutar acciones interinstitucionales dirigidas a la promoción de la lactancia materna, con un enfoque intercultural. (AU)

Introduction: There are many cultures with their own beliefs and customs regarding breastfeeding. These customs can be correct or incorrect, therefore, the professional must make use of interculturality. Objective: Describe and analyze cultural practices in breastfeeding. Method: Integrative review of the literature in the databases: Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink and BVS. Results: The 16 selected articles were analyzed in 5 categories: Cultural practices that must be restructured, reasons for the introduction of other foods, cultural practices that must be accommodated, cultural practices that can be maintained, sociocultural influence. Conclusion: There are cultural practices that must be restructured (use of water, cow's milk, goat's milk, butter before 6 months of age); others that must be accommodated (discarding colostrum) and others that must be maintained (use of foods that improve milk production). People close to the mother (her mothers and mothers-in-law) are the most influential; Therefore, what the health professional must seek is to execute inter-institutional actions aimed at promoting breastfeeding, with an intercultural approach. (AU)

Health professionals and Amerindian patients: representations and practices in French Guiana / Professionnels de santé et patients amérindiens : représentations et pratiques en Guyane française

CONTEXT: In French Guiana, Amerindian populations find themselves in a health system whose therapeutic itinerary revolves around their traditional medicine and modern medicine provided by health professionals mostly from hexagonal France. The latter intervene in a “complexity of intercultural contact” which influences the caregiver-patient relationship and affects therapeutic adherence. METHOD: To better understand the practices and representations of the health system in an intercultural context, qualitative research was carried out in the field between 2018 and 2019 with seventeen health professionals working in health centers located in the municipalities of the Interior of French Guiana. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in order to explore the representations, the difficulties encountered, and the tools used by these caregivers in their daily practice. These interviews were crossed with participant observations and bibliographical research in the medical and anthropological fields. RESULTS: The caregiver-patient encounter was asymmetrical, unequal and was part of a power relationship. The caregivers remained marked by ethnocentric representations -inherent to each culture- far removed from those of the populations and this divergence impacted the practice. DISCUSSION: It would be advisable to shift the focus in order to « penetrate » the frame of reference of the Other and rebalance relationships. The exploration of popular knowledge and skills and the application of proven teaching methods would encourage therapeutic adherence. « Homethnic workers » and intercultural training could help promote community health.

Contexte: En Guyane française, les populations amérindiennes se retrouvent dans un système de santé dont l'itinéraire thérapeutique s'articule autour de leur médecine traditionnelle et d'une médecine moderne prodiguée par des professionnels de santé originaires, pour la plupart, de la France hexagonale. Ces derniers interviennent dans une « complexité de contact interculturel ¼ qui influence la relation soignant soigné et affecte l'adhésion thérapeutique. Méthode: Pour mieux comprendre les représentations et pratiques du système de santé en contexte interculturel, une recherche qualitative a été menée sur le terrain, en 2018 et 2019, auprès de dix-sept professionnels de santé exerçant dans les centres de santé situés dans les communes de l'Intérieur de la Guyane. Des entretiens individuels semi-structurés ont été menés afin d'explorer les représentations, les difficultés rencontrées et les outils mobilisés par ces soignants dans leur pratique courante. Ces entretiens ont été croisés avec des observations participantes et des recherches bibliographiques dans les champs médicaux et anthropologiques. Résultats: La rencontre soignant soigné était asymétrique, inégale et s'inscrivait dans un rapport de pouvoir. Les soignants restaient marqués de représentations ethnocentriques - inhérentes à chaque culture - éloignées de celles des populations amérindiennes, et cette divergence impactait la pratique. Discussion: Il conviendrait de se décentrer, pour « pénétrer ¼ dans le cadre de référence de l'Autre et rééquilibrer les rapports. L'exploration des savoirs et savoir-faire populaires et l'application de méthodes éprouvées d'enseignement encourageraient l'adhésion thérapeutique. Les « intervenants homethniques ¼ et une formation à l'interculturalité pourraient favoriser la promotion de la santé communautaire.

A Relevant Debate in the Post-pandemic Sustainability or Sustainable Development of the Territory? / Un debate pertinente en la pospandemia. ¿sostenibilidad o sustentabilidad del desarrollo territorial?

RESUMEN En este artículo Se identifican las diferencias a propósito de conceptos asociados al desarrollo como lo son sostenibilidad o sustentabilidad ambiental. Se da cuenta del debate entre las concepciones sobre el crecimiento económico de los enfoques económicos-políticos neoclásicos, y las críticas a estos enfoques por parte de Georgescu-Roegen, Rene Passet, Enrique Leff, Manfred Mc Neef y Philippe Smith, al igual que las consideraciones de Edgar Morin sobre las lecciones de la pandemia. Y se Toma, como corolario, estas reflexiones en debate para abordar el tema de la sustentabilidad del desarrollo territorial, asignándole a la dimensión ambiental y a las estrategias de la educación intercultural un papel preponderante.

ABSTRACT This article identifies the differences regarding concepts associated with development, such as sustainability or sustainable environmental development. accounts for the debate between the conceptions of economic growth of the neoclassical economic-political approaches, and the criticisms of these approaches by Georgescu-Roegen, Rene Passet, Enrique Leff, Manfred Mc Neef, and Philippe Smith, as well as Edgar Morin's considerations on the lessons of the pandemic. These reflections are taken as a corollary to address the issue of sustainable territorial development, assigning a preponderant role to the environmental dimension and to the strategies of intercultural education.

Meanings and Practices in Intercultural Health for International Migrants.

In this article, meanings and practices in intercultural health for international migrants in health establishments are described from the perspective of health personnel in the city of Antofagasta in northern Chile. METHODOLOGY: The methodology was qualitative with a phenomenological descriptive design, through which discourses from health personnel in the public primary and secondary care system were explored (n = 23). Next, meanings and practices in intercultural health for international migrants in health establishments are described from the perspective of health personnel in the northern Chilean city of Antofagasta. RESULTS: The participants presented trees of thematic categories. There were three thematic categories overall: (1) The meaning of interculturality included features of understanding of the concept, with respect for culture being the transversal axis in all discourses. (2) Practices in health care, where voluntariness, references, and the adequacy or non-technicality of the language are fundamental axes. (3) Training in the intercultural approach, where there is often self-knowledge and lack of supply in the health system. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show essential elements to consider in the care of international migrants, including the training and awareness of staff about the intercultural approach through strategies following the local reality in which each health establishment exists.