Common Failures in Hydraulic Kaplan Turbine Blades and Practical Solutions.

Kaplan turbines, as one of the well-known hydraulic turbines, are generally utilized worldwide for low-head and high-flow conditions. Any failure in each of the turbine components can result in long-term downtime and high repair costs. In a particular case, if other parts are damaged due to the impact of the broken blades (e.g., the main shaft of the turbine), the whole power plant may be shut down. On the other hand, further research on the primary causes of failures in turbines can help improve the present failure evaluation methodologies in power plants. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to present the major causes of Kaplan turbine failures to prevent excessive damage to the equipment and provide practical solutions for them. In general, turbines are mainly subjected to both Internal Object Damage (IOD) and Foreign Object Damage (FOD). Accordingly, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of Kaplan turbine failures related to material and physical defects, deficiencies in design, deficits in manufacturing and assembly processes, corrosion failures, fatigue failure, cavitation wear, types of cavitation in hydro turbines, hydro-abrasive problems, and hydro-erosion problems. Eventually, the authors have attempted to discuss practical hints (e.g., nanostructured coatings) to prevent damages and improve the performance of Kaplan turbines.

Melancolia e luto na infância e na adolescência: algumas reflexões sobre o papel do objeto interno / Melancholia and mourning in childhood and adolescence: some reflections on the role of the internal object / Melancolía y luto en la infancia y en la adolescencia: algunas reflexiones sobre el papel del objeto interno / La mélancolie et le deuil pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence: quelques réflexions à propos du rôle de l'objet interne

A autora apresenta duas condições bem diferentes que interferem na capacidade de uma pessoa vivenciar o luto: se lamuriar muito e se lamuriar muito pouco. Desde 1917, cinco estados mentais específicos, presentes na descrição da melancolia feita por Freud, foram aprofundados por teóricos subsequentes. Neste artigo a autora concentra-se no quarto e no quinto estado. Menciona os objetos não valorizados em oposição aos objetos valorizados. Considera que todos os desenvolvimentos mais recentes do pensamento psicanalítico se apoiam na grande atenção à teoria das relações objetais e na crescente compreensão da natureza da diferença entre os processos patológicos e benignos projetivos e os processos patológicos e benignos introjetivos.

The author presents two very different conditions, which interfere with a person's capacity to mourn: whimpering too much and whimpering too little. Since 1917, five particular states of mind, which appear in Freud'd description of melancholia, have been developed further by subsequent theorists. This study focuses on the fourth and fifth states. It mentions the unvalued objects, as opposed to the valued objects. It also states that all the newer developments in psychoanalytic thinking are underpinned by the greater attention to the object-relations theory, and by the growing understanding of the nature of the difference between the pathological and benign projective processes, and pathological and benign introjective ones.

La autora presenta dos condiciones muy distintas que interfieren en la capacidad que una persona tiene de vivir el luto: lloriquear mucho y lloriquear muy poco. Desde 1917, cinco estados mentales específicos, presentes en la descripción de la melancolía hecha por Freud, fueron examinados más a fondo por teóricos posteriores. En este artículo la autora se centra en el cuarto y en el quinto estado. Menciona los objetos no apreciados en oposición a los objetos apreciados. Considera que todos los desarrollos más recientes del pensamiento psicoanalítico se respaldan en la gran atención a la teoría de las relaciones objetales en la creciente comprensión de la naturaleza de la diferencia entre os procesos patológicos y benignos proyectivos y los procesos patológicos y benignos introyectados.

L'autrice présente deux conditions très différentes qui interfèrent avec la capacité d'une personne vivre le deuil : se plaindre trop et se plaindre très peu. Depuis 1917, cinq stages mentaux spécifiques, compris dans la description faite par Freud de la mélancolie ont été approfondis par les théoriques qui viennent après lui. Dans cet article l'autrice se focalise sur le quatrième et cinquième stage. Elle mentionne les objets non valorisés en opposition à ceux valorisés. Elle estime que tous les développements les plus récents de la pensée psychanalytique se fondent sur la grande attention donnée à la théorie des relations objectales et sur la compréhension croissante de la nature de la différence entre les processus pathologiques et les processus pathologiques et bénins projectifs et les processus pathologiques et bénins d'introjection.

[The Sense of Family - Developmental Lines and Problems]. / Das Familiengefühl ­ Entwicklungslinien und Probleme.

The Sense of Family - Developmental Lines and Problems In spite of multiple criticism and diversification of family types family remains a "destination of yearning". Family stays always in contradiction to the culture of the surrounding society. The sense of family describes the sense of one's own family as a whole. It is composed of the experiences in dyads, triads, tetrades and polyades as well as the emotional atmosphere and the life style of the family as a whole. To the construction of the family as a whole as an internal object, the inner self-image of the family and corresponding the sense of family contribute the "missions" the family passes on to the children, the dynamics of loyalty, the multigenerational network, family narratives and family myths as mediators of the collective memory as well as the active shaping of relationships by the activity of the child itself. The change of family structures by "verticalisation", new communication technologies, and the "anthropo-technologies" of reproduction are still to be explored in respect to their possible consequences for the sense of family.

Metapsychology or metapsychologies? Some comments on Paul Denis's paper 'The drive revisited: mastery and satisfaction'.

In this commentary on Paul Denis's paper 'The drive revisited: mastery and satisfaction', the author defends the idea of a plurality of metapsychologies that must be contrasted with and distinguished from each other while avoiding incompatible translations between models. In this connection he presents various theoretical approaches to aggression and the death drive, and demonstrates the differences between the drive model and the model underlying the theory of internalized object relations. The author holds that the concept of the internal object differs from Freud's notion of the representation (Vorstellung). He also considers that the imago as defined by Paul Denis in fact corresponds to the concept of the internal object. Lastly, he addresses the complex issue of listening to archaic forms of psychic functioning and their non-discursive presentation within the analytic process, which affects the transference-countertransference link.

O espelho partido de Oscar Wilde / Oscar Wilde’s broken mirror / Le miroir brisé d’Oscar Wilde / El espejo roto de Oscar Wilde / Die zerbrochenen Spiegel Oscar Wilde / 奥斯卡•王尔德的破镜子

Este artigo tece algumas considerações a respeito dos processos de luto e melancolia, dos desafios que surgem à elaboração de lutos e perdas. Foi inspirado na teoria psicanalítica e na leitura de alguns aspectos da vida de Oscar Wilde extraídos de sua biografia, escrita por Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, para iluminar a mesma problemática de inibição do luto, conduzindo à melancolia e ao empobrecimento da criatividade.

This article presents some thoughts about the grief process and the challenges that have to be overcome so that mourning may take place and loss may be processed. It is based on the psychoanalytic theory and on some aspects of Oscar Wilde’s life that were taken from his biography by Daniel Salvatore Schiffer to cast a light on the inhibition of mourning, which leads to melancholy and the impoverishment of creativity.

Cet article présente quelques considérations sur le processus du deuil et de la tristesse, ainsi que sur les défis qui se posent à l’élaboration du deuil et de la perte. Il s’inspire de la théorie psychanalytique et de la lecture sur certains aspects de la vie d’Oscar Wilde, à partir de la biographie de Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, pour élucider le problème de l’inhibition du deuil qui, à son tour, conduit à la mélancolie et l’appauvrissement de la créativité.

Este artículo presenta algunas consideraciones sobre los procesos del duelo y la melancolía, de los desafíos que se plantean para la elaboración del duelo y la pérdida. Se inspira en la teoría psicoanalítica y en la lectura de algunos aspectos de la vida de Oscar Wilde, que fueron extraídos de la biografía escrita por Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, para iluminar la problemática de la inhibición del duelo, lo que conduce a la melancolía y al empobrecimiento de la creatividad.

Dieser Artikel enthält Überlegungen zum Trauerprozess und zur Melancholie, sowie zu den Herausforderungen, die der Verarbeitung von Trauer und Verlust eigen sind. Wir stützen uns dabei auf die psychoanalytische Theorie und auf einige Aspekte aus Oscar Wildes Leben, die in der von Daniel Salvatore Schiffer verfassten Biographie enthalten sind, um das Problem der Hemmung zu trauern zu beleuchten, welche zu Melancholie und zur Verarmung der Kreativität führt.

本文介绍有关悲痛过程和悲观一些内容和解决悲痛和损失的挑战。它是由精神分析理论与丹尼尔•萨尔瓦托雷•希弗写的王尔德传纪的研究来分析悲哀及其导致的忧郁和创造能力的贫困化。.

O espelho partido de Oscar Wilde / Oscar Wilde’s broken mirror / Le miroir brisé d’Oscar Wilde / El espejo roto de Oscar Wilde

Este artigo tece algumas considerações a respeito dos processos de luto e melancolia, dos desafios que surgem à elaboração de lutos e perdas. Foi inspirado na teoria psicanalítica e na leitura de alguns aspectos da vida de Oscar Wilde extraídos de sua biografia, escrita por Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, para iluminar a mesma problemática de inibição do luto, conduzindo à melancolia e ao empobrecimento da criatividade.(AU)

This article presents some thoughts about the grief process and the challenges that have to be overcome so that mourning may take place and loss may be processed. It is based on the psychoanalytic theory and on some aspects of Oscar Wilde’s life that were taken from his biography by Daniel Salvatore Schiffer to cast a light on the inhibition of mourning, which leads to melancholy and the impoverishment of creativity.(AU)

Cet article présente quelques considérations sur le processus du deuil et de la tristesse, ainsi que sur les défis qui se posent à l’élaboration du deuil et de la perte. Il s’inspire de la théorie psychanalytique et de la lecture sur certains aspects de la vie d’Oscar Wilde, à partir de la biographie de Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, pour élucider le problème de l’inhibition du deuil qui, à son tour, conduit à la mélancolie et l’appauvrissement de la créativité.(AU)

Este artículo presenta algunas consideraciones sobre los procesos del duelo y la melancolía, de los desafíos que se plantean para la elaboración del duelo y la pérdida. Se inspira en la teoría psicoanalítica y en la lectura de algunos aspectos de la vida de Oscar Wilde, que fueron extraídos de la biografía escrita por Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, para iluminar la problemática de la inhibición del duelo, lo que conduce a la melancolía y al empobrecimiento de la creatividad.(AU)

Função e disfunção analíticas quando o objeto interno é a própria psicanálise: algumas reflexões sobre instituições psicanalíticas / Analytical function and dysfunction when the internal object is psychoanalysis itself: reflections on psychoanalytic institutions / Función y disfunción analíticas cuando el objeto interno es el propio psicoanálisis: algunas reflexiones sobre las instituciones psicoanalíticas

Partindo de situações vividas na instituição psicanalítica, na análise pessoal, na clínica privada e em hospital público, a autora propõe algumas reflexões sobre a internalização da psicanálise como um objeto a ser desidealizado durante a análise didática, questionando alguns aspectos dos três modelos de formação oficializados pela ipa e fazendo algumas conexões com a história do movimento psicanalítico e a contemporaneidade...

Based on situations encountered in the psychoanalytic institution, in personal analysis, in private practice and in the public hospital, we discuss the internalization of psychoanalysis as an object to be deidealised during training analysis. We question aspects of the three official ipa training models and we point out links with the history of the psychoanalytic movement and with contemporaneity...

A partir de situaciones vivenciadas en la institución psicoanalítica, en el análisis personal, en la práctica particular y en un servicio público, la autora reflexiona sobre la internalización del psicoanálisis como un objeto a ser desidealizado durante el análisis didáctico. Cuestiona algunos aspectos de los tres modelos de formación oficiales de la ipa y señala conexiones con la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico y con la contemporaneidad...

Função e disfunção analíticas quando o objeto interno é a própria psicanálise: algumas reflexões sobre instituições psicanalíticas / Analytical function and dysfunction when the internal object is psychoanalysis itself: reflections on psychoanalytic institutions / Función y disfunción analíticas cuando el objeto interno es el propio psicoanálisis: algunas reflexiones sobre las instituciones psicoanalíticas

Partindo de situações vividas na instituição psicanalítica, na análise pessoal, na clínica privada e em hospital público, a autora propõe algumas reflexões sobre a internalização da psicanálise como um objeto a ser desidealizado durante a análise didática, questionando alguns aspectos dos três modelos de formação oficializados pela ipa e fazendo algumas conexões com a história do movimento psicanalítico e a contemporaneidade.(AU)

Based on situations encountered in the psychoanalytic institution, in personal analysis, in private practice and in the public hospital, we discuss the internalization of psychoanalysis as an object to be deidealised during training analysis. We question aspects of the three official ipa training models and we point out links with the history of the psychoanalytic movement and with contemporaneity.(AU)

A partir de situaciones vivenciadas en la institución psicoanalítica, en el análisis personal, en la práctica particular y en un servicio público, la autora reflexiona sobre la internalización del psicoanálisis como un objeto a ser desidealizado durante el análisis didáctico. Cuestiona algunos aspectos de los tres modelos de formación oficiales de la ipa y señala conexiones con la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico y con la contemporaneidad.(AU)