Guardians of precision: advancing radiation protection, safety, and quality systems in nuclear medicine.

BACKGROUND: In the rapidly evolving field of nuclear medicine, the paramount importance of radiation protection, safety, and quality systems cannot be overstated. This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate regulatory frameworks and guidelines, meticulously crafted and updated by national and international regulatory bodies to ensure the utmost safety and efficiency in the practice of nuclear medicine. METHODS: We explore the dynamic nature of these regulations, emphasizing their adaptability in accommodating technological advancements and the integration of nuclear medicine with other medical and scientific disciplines. RESULTS: Audits, both internal and external, are spotlighted for their pivotal role in assessing and ensuring compliance with established standards, promoting a culture of continuous improvement and excellence. We delve into the significant contributions of entities like the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and relevant professional societies in offering universally applicable guidelines that amalgamate the latest in scientific research, ethical considerations, and practical applicability. CONCLUSIONS: The document underscores the essence of international collaborations in pooling expertise, resources, and insights, fostering a global community of practice where knowledge and innovations are shared. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the practical applications, challenges, and opportunities presented by these regulatory frameworks and audit processes. The ultimate goal is to inspire and inform ongoing efforts to enhance safety, quality, and effectiveness in nuclear medicine globally.

Global Efforts to Protect Healthy Volunteers.

Clinical trials on healthy volunteers generate unique ethical challenges both because participants accept potential physical risks without the possibility of direct medical benefit and because participants' financial motivations to enroll in trials could lead to their exploitation. Despite the large volume of published empirical studies and ethical analyses of healthy volunteer research, there has been little concerted effort to change how healthy-volunteer research is overseen or regulated. A new collaborative effort to do so is the VolREthics (Volunteers in Research and Ethics) Initiative. Launched in 2022, this initiative brings together an international community to engage questions about how healthy volunteers could best be protected from the risks of harm and exploitation while the validity of clinical trials is optimized.

Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Cultural Heritage Conservation, Risk of Toxicity, and Preventive Measures.

Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological, or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by deterioration agents (weathering, contaminants, or biological actions). This review analyzes the current treatments using nanomaterials, including consolidants, biocides, hydrophobic protectives, mechanical resistance improvers, flame-retardants, and multifunctional nanocomposites. Unfortunately, nanomaterials can affect human and animal health, altering the environment. Right now, it is a priority to stop to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aims are to raise awareness about the nanotoxicity risks during handling and the subsequent environmental exposure to all those directly or indirectly involved in conservation processes. It reports the human-body interaction mechanisms and provides guidelines for preventing or controlling its toxicity, mentioning the current toxicity research of main compounds and emphasizing the need to provide more information about morphological, structural, and specific features that ultimately contribute to understanding their toxicity. It provides information about the current documents of international organizations (European Commission, NIOSH, OECD, Countries Normative) about worker protection, isolation, laboratory ventilation control, and debris management. Furthermore, it reports the qualitative risk assessment methods, management strategies, dose control, and focus/receptor relationship, besides the latest trends of using nanomaterials in masks and gas emissions control devices, discussing their risk of toxicity.

Analytical Chemistry of Impurities in Amino Acids Used as Nutrients: Recommendations for Regulatory Risk Management.

Proteinogenic amino acids are natural nutrients ingested daily from standard foods. Commercially manufactured amino acids are added to a wide range of nutritional products, including dietary supplements and regular foods. Currently, the regulatory risk management of amino acids is conducted by means of setting daily maximum limits of intake. However, there have been no reported adverse effects of amino acid overdosing, while impurities in low-quality amino acids have been identified as causative agents in several health hazard events. This paper reviews the analytical chemistry of impurities in amino acids and highlights major variations in the purity of commercial products. Furthermore, it examines the international standards and global regulatory risk assessment of amino acids utilized in dietary supplements and foods, recommending (1) further research on analytical methods that can comprehensively separate impurities in amino acids, and (2) re-focusing on the regulatory risk management of amino acids to the analytical chemistry of impurities.

Fuzzy Inference and Sequence Model-Based Collision Risk Prediction System for Stand-On Vessel.

Although the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs) provide guidelines for determining the encounter relations between vessels and assessing collision risk, most collision accidents occur in crossing situations. Accordingly, prior studies have investigated methods to identify the relation between the give-way and stand-on vessels in crossing situations to allow the stand-on vessel to make the optimal collision-avoidance decision. However, these studies were hindered by several limitations. For example, the collision risk at the current time (t) was evaluated as an input variable obtained at the current time (t), and collision-avoidance decisions were made based on the evaluated collision risk. To address these limitations, a collision risk prediction system was developed for stand-on vessels using a fuzzy inference system based on near-collision (FIS-NC) and a sequence model to facilitate quicker collision avoidance decision making. This was achieved by predicting the future time point (t + i) collision risk index (CRI) of the stand-on vessel at the current time point (t) when the own-ship is determined to be the stand-on vessel in different encounter relations. According to the performance verification results, navigators who use the developed system to predict the CRI are expected to avoid collisions with greater clearance distance and time.

Acrilamida en los alimentos: Valores de referencia, recomendaciones y acciones de mitigación

RESUMEN Diversas agencias internacionales han considerado que la acrilamida puede producir efectos dañinos en la salud de la población debido a una serie de estudios toxicológicos realizados en modelos animales, en los cuales se observan efectos cancerígenos, genotóxicos, neurotóxicos, inmunológicos y en la salud reproductiva. A pesar de la creciente preocupación en diversos países sobre los potenciales efectos en salud humana, los organismos encargados de determinar límites toxicológicos no han definido aún los límites máximos de acrilamida que pueden estar presente en los diferentes tipos de alimentos para que sean inocuos para la población. El objetivo de esta actualización es revisar las regulaciones existentes sobre la acrilamida y enfatizar la necesidad de establecer límites que la industria alimentaria pueda aplicar efectivamente, además de la necesidad de contar con valores máximos diarios tolerables para prevenir los efectos nocivos para la salud de la población.

ABSTRACT Several international agencies have considered that acrylamide can induce deleterious effects in human health due to a series of toxicological studies conducted in animal models, in which carcinogenic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, immunological and reproductive effects have been observed. Despite a growing concern about these effects on human health, agencies responsible for determining toxicological limits in various countries have not yet defined the maximum levels of acrylamide that may be present in the different types of food to be safe for the population. The objective of this updated review is to evaluate the existing regulations on acrylamide and emphasize the need to establish limits that the food industry can effectively apply, in addition to the need to have tolerable daily maximum values to prevent harmful effects on the population health.

Prevalence of awareness, ever-use and current use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) among adult current smokers and ex-smokers in 14 countries with differing regulations on sales and marketing of NVPs: cross-sectional findings from the ITC Project.

AIMS: This paper presents updated prevalence estimates of awareness, ever-use, and current use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) from 14 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC Project) countries that have varying regulations governing NVP sales and marketing. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A cross-sectional analysis of adult (≥ 18 years) current smokers and ex-smokers from 14 countries participating in the ITC Project. Data from the most recent survey questionnaire for each country were included, which spanned the period 2013-17. Countries were categorized into four groups based on regulations governing NVP sales and marketing (allowable or not), and level of enforcement (strict or weak where NVPs are not permitted to be sold): (1) most restrictive policies (MRPs), not legal to be sold or marketed with strict enforcement: Australia, Brazil, Uruguay; (2) restrictive policies (RPs), not approved for sale or marketing with weak enforcement: Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand; (3) less restrictive policies (LRPs), legal to be sold and marketed with regulations: England, the Netherlands, Republic of Korea, United States; and (4) no regulatory policies (NRPs), Bangladesh, China, Zambia. Countries were also grouped by World Bank Income Classifications. Country-specific weighted logistic regression models estimated adjusted NVP prevalence estimates for: awareness, ever/current use, and frequency of use (daily versus non-daily). FINDINGS: NVP awareness and use were lowest in NRP countries. Generally, ever- and current use of NVPs were lower in MRP countries (ever-use = 7.1-48.9%; current use = 0.3-3.5%) relative to LRP countries (ever-use = 38.9-66.6%; current use = 5.5-17.2%) and RP countries (ever-use = 10.0-62.4%; current use = 1.4-15.5%). NVP use was highest among high-income countries, followed by upper-middle-income countries, and then by lower-middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: With a few exceptions, awareness and use of nicotine vaping products varied by the strength of national regulations governing nicotine vaping product sales/marketing, and by country income. In countries with no regulatory policies, use rates were very low, suggesting that there was little availability, marketing and/or interest in nicotine vaping products in these countries where smoking populations are predominantly poorer. The higher awareness and use of nicotine vaping products in high income countries with moderately (e.g. Canada, New Zealand) and less (e.g. England, United States) restrictive policies, is likely due to the greater availability and affordability of nicotine vaping products.

As Transformações das Regras Internacionais sobre Violência na Ordem Mundial Contemporânea / Transformations to International Regulations on Violence in the Contemporary World Order / Les Transformations des Règles Internationales sur la Violence dans l'Ordre Mondial Contemporain / Las Transformaciones de las Normas Internacionales sobre Violencia en el Orden Mundial Contemporáneo

RESUMO Este artigo examina as transformações das regras internacionais sobre violência a partir de uma perspectiva construtivista de Relações Internacionais. Em particular, analisam-se as mudanças nas práticas sociais internacionais que têm ocorrido desde o fim do último século, discutindo-as em termos de regras internacionais que concomitantemente limitam e constituem as condições de possibilidade para o uso da violência. Na primeira parte, são mapeados e brevemente examinados cinco conjuntos de regras internacionais sobre violência: o direito internacional humanitário, o humanitarismo, o direito internacional dos direitos humanos, o direito internacional criminal e o regime de segurança coletiva. Na segunda parte, analisam-se as transformações político-normativa-sociais e conceituais que vêm ocorrendo na ordem mundial desde a década de 1990, dando particular ênfase à redefinição do conceito de segurança, à ressignificação do conceito de soberania e ao processo de expansão e confluência daqueles cinco conjuntos de regras internacionais. Argumenta-se que tais transformações das regras internacionais sobre violência, de um lado, expressam o deslocamento do dualismo doméstico/internacional e, de outro lado, ratificam o novo lugar do indivíduo nas relações internacionais. Com isso, sugere-se que é possível identificar mudanças significativas na arquitetura constitucional da ordem mundial contemporânea.

ABSTRACT The following article examines transformations to international regulations on violence based on a constructivist perspective of International Relations. A particular focus is awarded to shifts in international social practices to have occurred since the end of the last century, as discussing the terms of international regulations that both restrict and reinforce conditions in which violence may be used. The first section briefly maps and examines five sets of international regulations on violence: international humanitarian law, humanitarianism, international human rights law, international criminal law, and the collective security regime. In the second section, we analyze political-normative-social and conceptual transformations to have occurred to the world order since the 1990s, with a particular emphasis placed on the redefining of the concept of security, the new meaning given to the concept of sovereignty, and the process of expansion and convergence of these five sets of international regulations. We argue that such transformations to international laws on violence are both representative of the dislocation of domestic/international dualism and the new place of the individual in international relations. We therefore suggest that significant shifts may be identified in the constitutional architecture of the contemporary world order.

RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine les transformations des règles internationales relatives à la violence à partir d'une perspective constructiviste des relations internationales. Nous analyserons en particulier les changements dans les pratiques sociales internationales survenus depuis la fin du siècle dernier et en débattrons en termes de règles internationales limitant et constituant concomitamment les conditions de possibilité de l'usage de la violence. Dans la première partie, on cartographiera et examinera brièvement cinq ensembles de règles internationales sur la violence: le droit international humanitaire, l'humanitarisme, le droit international basé sur les Droits de l'homme, le droit pénal international et le régime de sécurité collective. Dans la seconde partie, on analysera les transformations politiques, normatives, sociales et conceptuelles en cours au sein de l'ordre mondial depuis les années 1990 et l'accent sera mis sur la redéfinition des concepts de sécurité et de souveraineté, ainsi que sur le processus d'expansion et de confluence de ces cinq ensembles de règles internationales. D'un côté, ces modifications des règles internationales sur la violence expriment une transformation du dualisme domestique/international, et de l'autre, ratifient la nouvelle place de l'individu ans les relations internationales. On suggère ainsi qu'il est possible d'identifier des changements significatifs dans l'architecture constitutionnelle de l'ordre mondial contemporain.

RESUMEN Este artículo examina las transformaciones de las normas internacionales sobre violencia a partir de una perspectiva constructivista de las relaciones internacionales. En particular, se analizan los cambios en las prácticas sociales internacionales que se han producido desde finales del siglo XX, y se discuten en el marco de las normas internacionales que limitan y constituyen concomitantemente las condiciones para que prolifere el uso de la violencia. En la primera parte, se seleccionan y examinan brevemente cinco conjuntos de normas internacionales sobre violencia: el derecho humanitario internacional, el humanitarismo, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, el derecho penal internacional y el régimen de seguridad colectiva. En la segunda parte, se analizan las transformaciones sociales y conceptuales político-normativas que se vienen produciendo en el orden mundial desde la década de 1990, dando particular énfasis a la redefinición del concepto de seguridad, a la redefinición de concepto de soberanía y al proceso de expansión y confluencia de esos cinco conjuntos de normas internacionales. Se argumenta que tales transformaciones de las normas internacionales sobre violencia, por una parte, expresan el desplazamiento del dualismo doméstico/internacional y, por otra, ratifican el nuevo lugar que ocupa el individuo en las relaciones internacionales. Con ello, se sugiere que es posible identificar cambios significativos en la arquitectura constitucional del orden mundial contemporáneo.

Paradigmas emergentes de la contabilidad y las tendencias investigativas de alto impacto *

Introducción. El desarrollo científico de la contabilidad en las últimas dos décadas ha sido marcado por importantes hechos económicos y financieros que han trascendido fronteras, como la crisis generada por Enron en 2001 y la caída de Lehman Brothers en 2008, que pusieron de manifiesto la necesidad de revisar las bases técnicas y éticas que sustentaban la información contable y financiera. Ante estos inminentes fenómenos, la actividad científica en torno a la contabilidad ha sido dinámica durante el período objeto del presente estudio, por lo tanto es importante preguntarse ¿Cuáles han sido las tendencias investigativas en la categoría Accounting del área Business, Management and Accounting de los AJSC Codes de Elsevier?. Objetivos. El presente estudio realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre las tendencias en el campo de la contabilidad a partir de la producción científica en la categoría Accounting del área Business, Management and Accounting de los AJSC Codes de Elsevier. Materiales y métodos. A partir de los 126 Journals indexados en Scopus con la categoría Accounting, se identifican los 15 que la tienen como única categoría, con base en los cuales se agrupan palabras clave, documentos -citas y tipos- y autores por país y se ordenan de mayor a menor frecuencia. Resultados. Los Journals identificados tienen un 66,81% de documentos citados; 1.233 palabras clave, con una frecuencia promedio de 3,09 por palabra clave, 5.245 documentos (9,4 citas/documento) 1.779 autores (2,67 documentos/autor) y 964 instituciones (5,51 documentos/institución). Conclusiones. Las tendencias en contabilidad en la última década están orientadas hacia la homogeneización del lenguaje contable, la regulación contable internacional y el gobierno corporativo, lo cual se refleja en la producción científica la categoría Accounting del área Business, Management and Accounting los AJSC Codes de Elsevier.

Introduction. The scientific development of accounting in the last two decades has been marked by important economical and financial facts that has transcend borders, as crisis generated by Enron in 2001 and the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008, that puts in manifest the necessity to review the technical and ethical basis that supported the accounting and financial information. Before this imminent phenomenon, the scientific activity around accounting has been dynamic during the in question term of this study, therefore is important to question ¿which has been the research tendencies in the Accounting category of Business area, Management and Accounting of AJSC Codes of Elsevier?. Objectives. The present study makes a bibliographic review about tendencies in the accounting field as of scientific production in the category Accounting of the Business, Management and Accounting are of Elsevier's AJSC Codes. Materials and methods. As of 126 indexed journals in the Accounting category, were identified 15 that has as it as unique category, based in which grouped in keywords, documents-quotes and types- and authors by country and ordered from lowest to highest frequency. Results. The identified Journals has a 66.81% of quoted documents: 1,233 keywords, an average frequency of 3.09 by keyword, 5,245 documents (9.4 quotes/ document) 1,779 authors (2.67 documents/author) and 964 institutions (5.51 documents/institution). Conclusiones. The tendencies in accounting in the last decade are oriented towards the accounting language homogenization, international accounting regulation and corporative government, which reflects in the scientific production of the category Accounting in the Business, Management and Accounting area of Elsevier's AJSC Codes.

Introdução. O desenvolvimento científico da contabilidade nas últimas duas décadas tem sido marcado por importantes fatos econômicos e financeiros que há transcendido fronteiras, como a crise gerada por Enron em 2001 e a queda de Lehman Brothers em 2008, que colocaram de manifesto a necessidade de revisar as bases técnicas e éticas que sustentavam a informação contável e financeira. Perante estes iminentes fenômenos, a atividade científica em torno à contabilidade há sido dinâmica durante o período objeto do presente estudo, por tanto é importante se perguntar Qual há sido as tendências investigativas na categoria Accounting da área Business, Management and Accounting os AJSC Codes de Elsevier?. Objetivos. O presente estudo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as tendências no campo da contabilidade a partir da produção científica na categoria Accounting da área Business, Management and Accounting os AJSC Codes de Elsevier. Materiais e métodos. A partir dos 126 Journals indexados em Scopus com a categoria Accounting, se identificam os 15 que a têm como única categoria, com base nos quais se agrupam palavras chave, documentos -citas e tipos- e autores por país e se ordenam de maior a menor frequência. Resultados. Os Journals identificados têm um 66,81% de documentos citados; 1.233 palavras chave, com uma frequência média de 3,09 por palavra chave, 5.245 documentos (9,4 citas/documento) 1.779 autores (2,67 documentos/autor) e 964 instituições (5,51 documentos/instituição). Conclusões. As tendências em contabilidade na última década estão orientadas para a homogeneização da linguagem contável, a regulação contável internacional e o governo corporativo, o qual se reflete na produção científica a categoria Accounting da área Business, Management and Accounting los AJSC Codes de Elsevier.

Burn Care on Cruise Ships-Epidemiology, international regulations, risk situation, disaster management and qualification of the ship's doctor.

With the increasing numbers of passengers and crew on board vessels that are becoming larger and larger, the demand for ship's doctors who can adequately treat burns on board has also increased. In the cruise ship industry it is usually those doctor's with internal and general medical training who are recruited from an epidemiological point of view. Training content or recommendations for the treatment of thermal lesions with the limited options available in ship's hospitals and where doctors with no surgical training operate do not yet exist. The guidelines recommended by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) regarding medical staff have only included physicians with minor surgical skills until now. With the introduction of the ATLS(®) course developed by the American College of Surgeons, the requirements for the qualification of the ship's doctor on board cruise ships shall change from January 2017. The article discusses the question of whether having completed the ATLS(®) course, the ship's doctor is trained to adequately treat thermal lesions or severe burns persons on-board, and presents the current discussion on the training content for ship's doctors within the International Maritime Health Association (IMHA). It also provides an overview of existing international regulatory frameworks, the risks presented by a fire on board, the problem of treating burns victims out of reach of coastal rescue services, and alternative training concepts for ship's doctors regarding the therapy of thermal lesions on-board.

La problemática del endosulfán: aspectos químicos, analíticos y ambientales / The roblem of enndosulfan: chemical, analytical and environmental issues

Introducción. Dado el carácter residual y el alto nivel de toxicidad del endosulfán, se ha incrementado la preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto ambiental. Por eso la búsqueda de metodologías analíticas que permitan su detección y cuantificación es un tema de investigación vigente. Las propiedades del endosulfán y su patrón de degradación le confieren características que hacen muy compleja la problemática, al tiempo que el pesticida y sus metabolitos se expanden extensivamente por la atmósfera y contaminan tanto matrices lipofílicas como hidrofílicas. Objetivo. Llevar a cabo una revisión sobre las investigaciones más recientes acerca de la problemática del endosulfán, que incluye aspectos químicos, su problemática ambiental y técnicas inmunoquímicas para su análisis, tema en el que ha estado interesado nuestro grupo de investigación en la Universidad de Caldas. Método. El presente artículo de revisión analiza, cualitativamente, la literatura científica disponible en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo y páginas Web oficiales, empleando como palabras de búsqueda: endosulfán, haptenos, análisis inmunoquímico del endosulfán, problemática ambiental del endosulfán, regulaciones internacionales sobre el endosulfán, normatividad vigente sobre el endosulfán, y métodos instrumentales de análisis. Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con el objetivo propuesto, la cual se presenta en 3 secciones: aspectos químicos del endosulfán, problemática ambiental y técnicas inmoquímicas para su análisis. Conclusión. El endosulfán ha sido prohibido por los organismos internacionales. Sin embargo, el pesticida se continúa usando en algunos países y éste se difunde fácilmente hacia otras regiones, de tal manera que se ha convertido en un problema global. Hay investigaciones recientes sobre métodos de remediación química o biológica, pero los esfuerzos son modestos frente a la enorme problemática de este pesticida. En lo pertinente a análisis químicos de endosulfán, en los últimos 15 años se han investigado técnicas inmunoquímicas de análisis (basadas en haptenos), como alternativa a los métodos cromatográficos instrumentales.

Introduction. Due to the residual character and high level of toxicity of endosulfan, worldwide concern for its environmental impact has increased. Therefore, the search for analytical methodologies that allow its detection and quantification continues to be a topic of current research. Endosulfan properties and its degradation pattern confer it characteristics that make very complex the problematic while the pesticide and its metabolites are extensively spread throughout the atmosphere and contaminate both lipophilic and hydrophilic matrixes. Objective. To conduct a review on some recent research about the endosulfan problematic including chemical aspects, environmental issues and immunochemical techniques for its analysis, which is an area of current interest in this research group at Universidad de Caldas. Method. This review article analyzes qualitatively scientific literature from Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo databases and official Web pages using key words such as endosulfan, endosulfan immunochemical analysis, endosulfan environmental problematic, endosulfan international regulations, endosulfan current normativity and instrumental methods for the analysis. Results. Relevant information related to the proposed objective was found which is presented in 3 sections: chemical aspects of endosulfan, environmental issues, and immunochemical techniques for its analysis. Conclusions. Endosulfan has been banned by international organizations. However, the pesticide is still being used in some countries and is easily spread to other regions, so that the problem became a global concern. There is some recent research on biological or chemical remediation techniques, but efforts seem insufficient in comparison to the enormous impact of the pesticide. In regard to Endosulfan chemical analyses, during the past 15 years immunochemical hapten-based analysis techniques have been investigated as alternatives to the instrumental chromatographic methods.

Stem cells and applications: a survey.

Since the 1960s and the therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow origin, there has been increasing interest in the study of undifferentiated progenitors that have ability to proliferate and differentiate in different tissues. Different stem cells (SC) with different potential can be isolated and characterised. Despite the promise of embryonic stem cells, in many cases, adult stem cells provide a more interesting approach to clinical applications. It is undeniable that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, adipose tissue or MSC of Wharton Jelly, which have limited potential, are of interest for clinical applications in regenerative medicine because they are easily separated and prepared and no ethical problems are involved in their use.During the last 10 years, these multipotent cells have generated considerable interest and in particular have been shown to escape allogeneic immune response and be capable of immunomodulatory activity. These properties may be of a great interest for regenerative medicine. Different clinical applications are under study (cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, stroke, bone, cartilage, diabetes, ophthalmology, urology, liver, organ's reconstruction…).

Sino-foreign Cooperation Mechanism and Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Products / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the relation between sino-foreign cooperation mechanism and the internationalization of Chinese medicine products. METHODS: We discussed the positive correlation between sino-foreign cooperation mechanism and the internationalization of Chinese medicine products in theory and practice. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The internationalization of Chinese medicine products can be achieved by setting up sino-foreign cooperation mechanism in Chinese medicine industry according to WTO regulations.