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1.
Ansiedad estrés ; 30(1): 35-39, Jan.-Apr. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-CR-338

ABSTRACT

In 2019, 301 million people were living with an anxiety disorder. Recently, alexithymia and interoception has been considered to play a key role to understand anxiety symptoms. Both constructs are related to each other and together interfere with emotional regulation; however, its relationship has been much debated. A recent two-stage model proposed interoception as a moderator in the relation between alexithymia and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to study how this model could explain the anxiety symptoms. Two hundred forty-one healthy participants completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. Results verified that interoception moderates the association between alexithymia and anxiety symptoms, showing that, for alexithymia to be positively associated with the magnitude of these symptoms, at least a medium level of interoception is necessary. (AU)


En 2019, se estimaba que 301 millones de personas vivían con un trastorno de ansiedad. Recientemente, se ha considerado que tanto la alexitimia como la interocepción desempeñan un papel clave en la comprensión de los síntomas de ansiedad. Ambos constructos están relacionados entre sí y juntos interfieren en la regulación emocional; sin embargo, su relación ha sido objeto de mucho debate. Recientemente, un nuevo modelo de dos etapas propuso la interocepción como moderador en la relación entre la alexitimia y los síntomas de ansiedad. El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar cómo este modelo podría explicar los síntomas de ansiedad. 241 participantes sanos completaron el Cuestionario de Salud General, la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto y la Evaluación Multidimensional de la Conciencia Interoceptiva. Los resultados verificaron que la interocepción modera la asociación entre la alexitimia y los síntomas de ansiedad, mostrando que, para que la alexitimia esté positivamente relacionada con la magnitud de estos síntomas, es necesario al menos un nivel medio de interocepción. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Interoception , Affective Symptoms , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/therapy
2.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 15(1): 2306747, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38289065

ABSTRACT

Background: Altered interoception plays an important role in chronic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TSY) intervention for improving emotional distress and psychological discomfort in women living under circumstances of social and gender vulnerability. We assessed the effect of the treatment on the interoceptive mechanisms, and whether the psychological improvements were mediated by the changes in these mechanisms.Methods: The study involved a sample of 62 women who attended public community centres dedicated to supporting women victims of gender-based violence or who were socially and economically disadvantaged because of their gender. Participants underwent a six-week TSY programme. We evaluated dropout rate, adherence, and intervention satisfaction. We measured emotional distress, psychological discomfort, interoceptive mechanisms, and two nonequivalent dependent variables to enhance internal validity. We compared pre-post differences using paired samples t-test and a structural equation model (SEM) analysis was performed to compare the changes in the outcomes with the changes in the nonequivalent dependent variables. Mediation models were adjusted to evaluate the role of changes in interoception on outcome changes.Results: Fourteen (23%) women dropped out, mainly after the first intervention session. Intervention adherence (mean attendance 5.3 over 6 sessions) and acceptability were high (mean satisfaction 3.4 over 4). We observed post-intervention improvements in anxiety, depression, psychological discomfort, body responsiveness, and interoceptive awareness. The changes in the outcomes were larger than the changes in the nonequivalent dependent variables. Additionally, we found that the changes in body responsiveness partially mediated the change in anxiety and psychological discomfort but not in depression.Conclusions: TSY could be an interesting therapeutic approach for women experiencing chronic posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Our findings underscore the role of interoceptive mechanisms in traumatic stress and emphasize the importance of addressing these aspects.


A 6-week Trauma Sensitive Yoga programme is feasible and acceptable to address chronic and trauma-related stress in vulnerable women.The intervention reduces emotional distress and psychological discomfort and increases interoceptive awareness.Interoceptive mechanisms could play a crucial role in addressing stress-related symptoms, contributing to the overall positive outcomes.


Subject(s)
Interoception , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Female , Male , Feasibility Studies , Emotions , Anxiety/therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
4.
Med. UIS ; 36(1): 89-106, abr. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534834

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los modelos neuroeconómicos explican la toma de decisiones a partir de procesos neurofisiológicos, cognitivos y emocionales. La toma de decisiones se estudia a partir de otros subprocesos como la aversión al riesgo. La relación entre aversión al riesgo, impulsividad y/o interocepción es importante para determinar el rol de la conducta y cognición humanas en el mantenimiento de problemas de salud. Esto se ha estudiado en población universitaria, en la que se presentan factores de riesgo para la salud. Objetivo: sintetizar los modelos neuroeconómicos descritos en la literatura para establecer la relación entre la aversión al riesgo, impulsividad y/o la cardiocepción en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: revisión tipo alcance realizada del 01 de junio al 30 de septiembre de 2021 en los recursos; PubMed, PsyInfo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Open dissertations y OpenGrey. Como criterio de inclusión se estableció que se tratara de investigaciones experimentales y observacionales en inglés o español en estudiantes universitarios que evaluaran la relación entre toma de decisiones, impulsividad y/o interocepción. No se filtró por fecha ni por tipo de acceso. Resultados: se rastrearon 1035 documentos, 14 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron cuatro modelos: neuroeconómico conductual, paradigma de descuento temporal, teoría biopsicológica de Gray y diferencias individuales. Se hallaron correlaciones positivas y negativas entre impulsividad, aversión al riesgo e interocepción. Conclusiones: según los estudios existe una relación entre impulsividad y aversión al riesgo, que dependiendo del modelo implementado será positiva o negativa. Las asociaciones con interocepción son poco concluyentes y requieren mayor investigación.


Introduction: neuroeconomic models explain decision making based on neurophysiological, cognitive, and emotional processes. Decision making is studied from other threads such as risk aversion. The relationship between risk aversion, impulsivity and/or interoception is important to determine the role of human behavior and cognition in the maintenance of health problems. This has been studied in the university population, in which health risk factors are present. Objective: to synthesize the neuroeconomic models described in the literature to establish the relationship between risk aversion, impulsivity and/or cardioception in university students. Methodology: scoping review carried out from June 1 to September 30, 2021, in the resources; PubMed, PsyInfo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Open dissertations, and OpenGrey. As inclusion criteria, it was established that they were experimental and observational investigations in English or Spanish in university students that evaluated the relationship between decision-making, impulsivity and/or interoception. It was not filtered by date or by type of access. Results: 1035 documents were searched, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Four models were identified: behavioral neuroeconomic, delaying discount paradigm, Gray's biopsychological theory, and individual differences. Positive and negative correlations were found between impulsivity, risk aversion, and interoception. Conclusions: according to the studies, there is a relationship between impulsivity and risk aversion, which depending on the model implemented will be positive or negative. Associations with interoception are inconclusive and require further investigation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Neurosciences , Students , Decision Making , Economics , Interoception , Impulsive Behavior
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369242

ABSTRACT

La empatía es un constructo con múltiples definiciones y modelos explicativos, los cuales se han conformado a partir de observaciones e investigaciones en humanos y otros animales. En el presente, se revisaron estudios en humanos sanos, que vincula empatía con conducta motora, sistema nervioso autónomo y central. La evidencia presentada apoya la asociación entre empatía y el sistema de neuronas en espejo, la imitación facial, el contagio pupilar, el sistema autonómico, la interocepción, la conectividad neuronal, la ínsula, el cíngulo, entre otras. Finalmente, esta revisión incentiva el estudio, investigación y desarrollo de las múltiples áreas y disciplinas que tratan con la empatía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Empathy/physiology , Mirror Neurons/physiology , Interoception/physiology , Neurophysiology
6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712814

ABSTRACT

Este artículo aborda la relación entre el dolor crónico y la conciencia corporal. El dolor crónico se refiere a un conjunto de patologías que se caracterizan por la presencia constante de dolor, cuya intensidad y duración no pueden ser explicadas en términos de lesiones del sistema nervioso periférico. La falta de explicación en términos de daño periférico ha llevado a los investigadores a suponer que el sistema nervioso central desempeña un papel crucial en estos síndromes. En particular, se ha propuesto que la cronicidad del dolor causada posiblemente por una perturbación de los mecanismos involucrados en lo que podría llamar-se la conciencia corporal 'exteroceptiva'. En la primera parte de este artículo presento estudios que muestran una relación bidireccional entre el dolor crónico y la conciencia corporal exteroceptiva, así como la hipótesis que el este dolor resulta de la perturbación de los mecanismos subyacentes a este tipo de conciencia corporal. A continuación, presento algunos problemas que esta hipótesis no logra explicar, y considero la relación entre el dolor crónico y el sistema nervioso autónomo. Por último, considero esta última relación a la luz de la noción de conciencia corporal 'interoceptiva', y sugiero que la comprensión de los mecanismos que relacionan los aspectos exteroceptivos e interoceptivos de la conciencia corporal, podrían contribuir a la comprensión de la naturaleza y el desarrollo de dolor crónico.


This review article addresses the relationship between chronic pain and body awareness. Chronic pain refers to an ensemble of pain conditions whose common characteristic is the fact that peripheral lesions cannot explain the duration and intensity of the pain. The lack of explanation in terms of peripheral damage has led researchers to assume that the central nervous system plays a crucial role in these conditions. In particular, one suggestion about how such central factors might operate is by influencing patients’ body awareness. In the first part of this article I present evidence showing a bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and what might be called ‘ exteroceptive’ body awareness, as well as the related hypothesis that pain results from a disruption in the mechanisms underlying exteroceptive body awareness. Next, I discuss some issues that this hypothesis fails to explain, and I consider the relationship between chronic pain and the autonomic nervous system. Finally, I relate this latter relationship to the notion of ‘interoceptive’ body awareness, and explore the idea that understanding the mechanisms that relate exteroceptive and interoceptive aspects of body awareness might shed light on the nature and development of chronic pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Awareness , Chronic Pain , Conscience , Psychophysiology , Self Concept
7.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 7(1): 21-25, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712815

ABSTRACT

La interocepción como censado del estado homeostático y visceral, ha sido recientemente postulada como requisito para la conciencia de estados emocionales corporales (Craig, 2009). Vías parasimpáticas y espinotalámicas que codifican esta información corporal tienen relevo en la corteza insular. Simultáneamente, han sido descriptas otras funciones insulares implicadas en procesos conscientes, como la intencionalidad, la toma de decisiones, la conciencia sensorio-motora, la percepción temporal, reconocer la imagen visual de uno mismo o percibir confiables a otros individuos (Craig, 2009; Ibanez, Gleichgerrcht, & Manes, 2010). Esta evidencia, sumada a resultados de estudios de lesión y neuroimágenes funcionales, sugiere que la corteza insular anterior (IA) sería la encargada de integrar señales multimodales cognitivas, emocionales y sociales para dirigir las conductas motivacionales que entrañan la supervivencia del individuo. En esta revisión analizamos el cúmulo de evidencia que involucran a la interocepción y al procesamiento insular integrativo en el surgimiento de estados emocionales conscientes, a través de estudios de lesiones y de técnicas de conectividad funcional en resonancia magnética funcional (RMF).


Recent research have suggested that interoception, defined as the sensing of homeostatic and visceral state, is a prerequisite for the emerging of conscious body feelings (Craig, 2009). Parasympathetic and spinothalamic pathways coding such information from the body have their final station in insular cortex neurons. At the same time, several other cognitive functions related to awareness, have been associated with insular activation such as intentionality, decision making, sensory motor consciousness, time perception, recognition of self´s image, or trust on someone else (Craig, 2009; Ibanez et al., 2010). Lesion studies and functional neuroimaging research is in line with this evidence, suggesting that anterior insular cortex would be engaged in integrate multimodal cognitive, emotional and social information in order to modulate motivational behavior leading to the survival of the individual. In this review, we analyze last research works on interoception and integrative insular processing through lesion studies and functional connectivity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FC-fMRI).


Subject(s)
Humans , Awareness , Conscience , Cerebral Cortex/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Body Image , Cognition , Decision Making , Emotions , Self Concept , Social Behavior
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