Transcriptome analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells of the large and small intestinal smooth muscle layers reveals a unique gastrontestinal stromal signature.

Mesenchymal stromal cells in the muscle layer of the large intestine are essential for the regulation of intestinal motility. They form electrogenic syncytia with the smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Mesenchymal stromal cells are present in the muscle layer throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, their area-specific characteristics remain ambiguous. In this study, we compared mesenchymal stromal cells from the large and small intestinal muscle layers. Histological analysis using immunostaining showed that the cells in the large and small intestines were morphologically distinct. We established a method to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells from wild-type mice with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) as a marker on the cell surface and performed RNAseq. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PDGFRα+ cells in the large intestine exhibited increased expression levels of collagen-related genes, whereas PDGFRα+ cells in the small intestine exhibited increased expression levels of channel/transporter genes, including Kcn genes. These results suggest that mesenchymal stromal cells differ morphologically and functionally depending on gastrointestinal tract. Further investigations of the cellular properties of mesenchymal stromal cells in the gastrointestinal tract will aid in optimizing methods for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.

Segmental absence of intestinal muscle with ileal web in an extremely low birth weight infant: case report.

Spontaneous intestinal perforations are localized perforations without the typical clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of necrotizing enterocolitis. Spontaneous intestinal perforation is a recently defined clinical entity. The best-known risk factor is prematurity. It is seen 2-3% in very low birthweight infants and 5 % of extremely low birthweight infants. Herein we report an extremely low birthweight infant with spontaneous intestinal perforation, segmental absence of intestinal muscle and an ileal web as an underlying cause. We aimed to draw attention to the segmental absence of intestinal muscle which is rare but increasingly reported cause of spontaneous intestinal perforation and the importance of histopathologic examination of surgical specimens.

Las perforaciones intestinales espontáneas son perforaciones localizadas sin las características clínicas, radiológicas e histopatológicas típicas de la enterocolitis necrosante. La perforación intestinal espontánea es una entidad clínica de reciente definición. El factor de riesgo más conocido es la prematurez. Se presenta en el 2-3% de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer y en el 5% de los neonatos de extremadamente bajo peso. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un recién nacido de extremadamente bajo peso al nacer con perforación intestinal espontánea, ausencia segmentaria del músculo intestinal y membrana ileal como causas subyacentes. Nuestro objetivo es llamar la atención a la ausencia segmentaria del músculo intestinal, una afección rara pero que se informa cada vez más como causa de perforación intestinal espontánea, y a la importancia del examen histopatológico de las muestras obtenidas durante una cirugía.

Ausencia segmentaria del músculo intestinal con membrana ileal en un recién nacido de extremadamente bajo peso al nacer: A propósito de un caso / Segmental absence of intestinal muscle with ileal web in an extremely low birth weight infant: Case report

Las perforaciones intestinales espontáneas son perforaciones localizadas sin las características clínicas, radiológicas e histopatológicas típicas de la enterocolitis necrosante. La perforación intestinal espontánea es una entidad clínica de reciente definición. El factor de riesgo más conocido es la prematurez. Se presenta en el 2-3% de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer y en el 5% de los neonatos de extremadamente bajo peso. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un recién nacido de extremadamente bajo peso al nacer con perforación intestinal espontánea, ausencia segmentaria del músculo intestinal y membrana ileal como causas subyacentes. Nuestro objetivo es llamar la atención a la ausencia segmentaria del músculo intestinal, una afección rara pero que se informa cada vez más como causa de perforación intestinal espontánea, y a la importancia del examen histopatológico de las muestras obtenidas durante una cirugía.

Spontaneous intestinal perforations are localized perforations without the typical clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of necrotizing enterocolitis. Spontaneous intestinal perforation is a recently defined clinical entity. The best-known risk factor is prematurity. It is seen 2-3% in very low birthweight infants and 5 % of extremely low birthweight infants. Herein we report an extremely low birthweight infant with spontaneous intestinal perforation, segmental absence of intestinal muscle and an ileal web as an underlying cause. We aimed to draw attention to the segmental absence of intestinal muscle which is rare but increasingly reported cause of spontaneous intestinal perforation and the importance of histopathologic examination of surgical specimens.

Clinical analysis of 8 cases of neonatal intestinal muscle defect with perforation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of neonatal intestinal muscle defect with perforation.Methods The clinical data of 8 cases of newborns who had intestinal muscle defect with perforation in Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit,Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,were analyzed retrospectively.Results These 8 cases included 1 premature infant,1 term low birth weight infant,6 cases of term infants with normal birth weight,and all had no history of perinatal asphyxia.The ages of onset of all cases were ＜ 7 d.Clinical manifestations were crying and sudden onset of obvious abdominal distention.Bile or fecal vomiting occurred in 5 cases.These patients included 5 cases with congenital anorectal malformations,of which 3 cases had low deformity,1 case with middle deformity and 1 case with high deformity,with no other complications of gastrointestinal malformation.Surgical treatment was used in 8 cases,in which 7 cases of rectal perforation and 1 case of ileal perforation were confirmed.All cases were isolated perforation with a diameter of about 0.8-2.0 cm.The perforated periphery of the intestine was membranous.Intestinal repair was performed after total removal of the diseased tissue,and the patients with rectal perforation were performed at the same time for the proximal colostomy.The histopathologic examinations showed that the periphery of perforation had intact mucosa,muscularis propria was absent,myenteric plexus was absent in the region of muscle loss.Two cases were discharged within 1 d after colostomy.Except for 1 case with high anorectal malformation in the control of poor defecation functions,there were no other postoperative gastrointestinal complications in these 6 cases.Conclusions Rectal perforation is the most common in neonatal intestinal muscle defects,and it is an isolated and large diameter perforation.Most cases are term infants with normal birth weight.These patients are often associated with congenital anorectal malformations.High,middle and low deformity can be accompanied by intestinal muscle defect.Surgical excision of diseased tissue should be complete,in principle,and intestinal stoma should be performed proximal to the perforation.In case of congenital anorectal malformations complicated with gastrointestinal perforation,the rectum should be explored as an important region.Neonatal intestinal muscle defect maybe a primary lesion according to clinical characteristics of early sudden onset after birth and pathological examinations.Except for complications caused by associated malformations,the prognosis is satisfactory.

Effect of Baked Radix Vladimiriae on the Spasm of in Vitro Intestinal Muscle in Rabbit / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the spasmolytic effect of baked Radix Vladimiriae on in vitro intestinal muscle in rabbits. METHODS:Magnus in vitro intestinal muscle accumulative dose method was adopted to observe the dose-effect relationship of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae with in vitro intestinal muscle of rabbits and its impact on the spasm of rabbit intestinal muscle induced by acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. RESULTS:There was a certain dose-effect relationship between petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae and spasmolytic mechanism of rabbit in vitro intestine. It showed the effect of acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. CONCLUSION:The inhibition effect of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae on normal in vitro intestinal muscle increase as long as dose increase. The inhibition mechanism may be associated with acetylcholine competing with histamine to block M receptor and H1 receptor as well as to inhibit excitability of intestinal muscle.