Características de pacientes hospitalizados en Unidad Coronaria del Hospital Provincial Neuquén por síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) / Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) Patient Characteristics Admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of Hospital Provincial Neuquén

RESUMEN Introducción: Los síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA) son parte del espectro de presentación clínica de la enfermedad coronaria, y estos pacientes constituyen una población heterogénea en la cual el pronóstico difiere según las variables clínicas y de laboratorio. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) que ingresaron a la Unidad Coronaria (UCO) del Hospital Provincial Neuquén (HPN) en el período 2017-2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal y unicéntrico de pacientes hospitalizados en UCO del HPN entre 1 de enero de 2017 y 31 de diciembre de 2019. Se utilizaron datos recabados de las epicrisis e historias clínicas. A 6 meses del egreso hospitalario, se realizó un nuevo contacto para corroborar datos sobre la mortalidad posterior al evento. Resultados: se registraron 107 pacientes con diagnóstico de SCASEST, con edad promedio de 62,2 ± 10,5 años (65,4% de sexo masculino). El 45,8% era tabaquista y el 46,7% presentaba comorbilidades, siendo las más prevalentes la hipertensión arterial (HTA, 69,2%) y la diabetes Mellitus (DM, 36;4%). El 35,5% tenía infarto previo, y el 7,5% insuficiencia cardíaca. El 91,6% presentó Troponinas Ultrasensibles (T-us) positivas; el 85% recibió terapia antiisquémica, el 35,5% tratamiento vasodilatador y el 70,1% fue sometido cinecoronariografía (CCG). El 22,4% requirió la colocación de al menos 1 stent coronario. La lesión más prevalente fue de la Arteria Descendente Anterior (ADA) en 12,1%. Conclusiones: Las características más prevalentes de los pacientes con SCASEST en nuestro centro, así como la presentación clínica y el riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria (MIH) fueron similares a los reportados en otros centros.

ABSTRACT Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are part of the clinical presentation spectrum of coronary heart disease, and patients presenting with these syndromes constitute a heterogeneous population in which prognosis differs according to clinical and laboratory variables. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) who were admitted to Hospital Provincial Neuquén (HPN) coronary care unit (CCU) from 2017 to 2019. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, longitudinal and single-center study of patients hospitalized in HPN CCU between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. Data collected from the epicrisis and medical records were used. Six months after hospital discharge, a new contact was made to corroborate data on mortality after the event. Results: A total of 107 patients diagnosed with NSTE-ACS, with mean age of 62.2 ±-10.51 years (65.4% male gender) were included in the study. Among them, 45.8% were smokers and 46.7% had comorbidities, the most prevalent being hypertension (69.2%) and diabetes mellitus (36.4%). In 35.5% of cases, patients had a previous heart attack, 7.5% heart failure, 85% received anti-ischemic therapy, 35.5% vasodilator treatment, 70.1% required coronary angiography, 91.6% presented positive high-sensitivity troponin levels and 22.4% required coronary stent placement. The most frequent lesion corresponded to the anterior descending artery in 12.1% of patients. Conclusions: The most prevalent characteristics of patients with NSTE-ACS, as well as the clinical presentation and risk of in-hospital mortality, were similar to those reported by other centers.

Caracterización epidemiológica y clínica de los pacientes intervenidos en una cirugía de revascularización miocárdica / Epidemiological and clinical characterization of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery

Resumen Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es un problema de salud pública y puede tratarse por medio de la revascularización miocárdica. Objetivo: Estructurar el primer perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los pacientes intervenidos en Tolima. Materiales y método: Es un estudio de corte transversal, de 183 pacientes mayores de 18 años programados para revascularización miocárdica entre septiembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019. Se eligieron variables clínicas y demográficas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, un análisis bivariado para mortalidad y circulación extracorpórea, y una regresión logística para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 66.7 años y un 68.85% correspondió a la población femenina. Se presentó HA en 80.33%, tabaquismo en 49.18%, dislipidemia en 44.81% y DM en 40.98%. Se registró mayor proporción de complicaciones en los pacientes intervenidos sin CEC, como complicaciones pulmonares, FA de novo y una estancia intrahospitalaria y posoperatoria mayor. Los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron mayor proporción de complicaciones, mayor estancia hospitalaria, mayor cantidad de reintervenciones y tiempo de ventilación mecánica. El modelo de regresión reveló una relación con mortalidad para los pacientes que tuvieron requerimiento de diálisis (OR = 8.7) complicaciones pulmonares (OR = 10.5) y desarrollo de FA de novo (OR = 11.3). Conclusiones: Este estudio caracteriza a la población para generar marcos de referencia en un grupo poco estudiado como el tolimense. De modo adicional, se presentaron mejores desenlaces en los pacientes llevados a revascularización miocárdica con circulación extracorpórea, y unas relaciones claras de mortalidad y complicaciones posoperatorias.

Abstract Introduction: The ischemic cardiopathy is a public health issue, that can be treated with a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Objective: To present the first clinical and epidemiological profile of CABG treated patients in Tolima, Colombia. Materials and method: We conduct a cross sectional study, including 183 patients driven to a CABG procedure, between September 2018-2019. We chose clinical and demographic variables. And posteriorly, performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis, including mortality and extracorporeal circulation. Besides, we completed a logistic regression for intrahospital mortality. Results: The average age of our patients was 66,7 years, and 68.85% were female. They presented in an 80.33% arterial hypertension, smoked an 49.18%, had dyslipidemia and diabetes 44.81% and 40.95% respectively. There were more complications in patients who were drove into on pump CABG, primarily pulmonary complications, atrial fibrillation, mayor intrahospital and post-operatory stay. The patients who died, present more complications, intrahospital stay, reinterventions and mechanic ventilation time. Our regression model evidenced mortality association with post-operatory dialysis (OR = 8.7), pulmonary complications (OR = 10.5) and new atrial fibrillation (OR = 11.3). Conclusions: This study aim to characterize the Tolima's population, creating a reference in this less studied population. On the other side, the study discuss the better outcomes in patients taken to myocardial bypass with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. And the association between dead and certain postoperative complications.

Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio as Early Serum Biomarker for Prediction of Intra-Hospital Mortality in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: The prognostic value of the fibrinogen to albumin ratio on intrahospital mortality has been investigated in patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, sepsis, and ischemic stroke; however, it has not been investigated for neurosurgical patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study investigates the impact of the fibrinogen to albumin ratio upon admission for intrahospital mortality in neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods: A total of 198 patients with diagnosis of spontaneous ICH treated from 10/2008 to 12/2017 at our ICU were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were drawn upon admission, and the patients' demographic, medical data, and cranial imaging were collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for intrahospital mortality. Results: The total rate of intrahospital mortality was 35.4% (n = 70). In the multivariate regression analysis, higher fibrinogen to albumin ratio (OR = 1.16, CI = 1.02−1.31, p = 0.03) upon admission was an independent predictor of intrahospital mortality in neurosurgical ICU patients with ICH. Moreover, a fibrinogen to albumin ratio cut-off level of >0.075 was related to increased intrahospital mortality (Youden's index = 0.26, sensitivity = 0.51, specificity = 0.77). Conclusion: A fibrinogen to albumin ratio > 0.075 was significantly associated with increased intrahospital mortality in ICH patients.

Comparison of outcome between blood culture positive and negative infective endocarditis patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Up to 30% or even more of all infective endocarditis (IE) cases are recognized as blood culture negative, meaning that the causative agent is left unidentified. The prompt diagnosis together with the identification of causative microorganism and targeted antibiotic treatment can significantly impact the prognosis of the disease and further patient's health status. In some studies, blood culture negative endocarditis has been shown to be associated with delayed diagnosis, worse outcome and course of the disease, and a greater number of intra and postoperative complications. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of all patients who underwent cardiac surgery for endocarditis between years 2016 and 2019. The aim of this study was to analyse short and long-term mortality and differences of laboratory, clinical and echocardiography parameters in patients with blood culture positive endocarditis (BCPE) and blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) and its possible impact on the clinical outcome. RESULTS: In our study population were 114 (55.1%) blood culture positive and 93 (44.9%) blood culture negative cases of infectious endocarditis. The most common pathogens in the blood culture positive IE group were S.aureus in 36 cases (31.6%), Streptococcus spp. in 27 (23.7%), E.faecalis in 24 (21.1%), and other microorganisms in 27 (23.7%). Embolic events were seen in 60 patients (28.9%). In univariate analyses, detection of microorganism, elevated levels of procalcitonin were found to be significantly associated with intrahospital death, however it did not reach statistical significance in multivariate analyses. Among microorganisms, S.aureus was significantly associated with intrahospital death in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: There are no statistically significant differences between groups of BCPE and BCNE in terms of intrahospital mortality, hospital and ICU stay or 3-year mortality. There were higher levels of procalcitonin in BCPE group, however procalcitonin failed to show independent association with mortality in multivariate analysis. The most common microorganism in the BCPE group was S.aureus. It was associated with independently higher intrahospital mortality when compared to other causative microorganisms.

Prediction value of EuroSCORE II in total arterial revascularization and its usage in the evaluation of postoperative complications: Single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: Total arterial revascularization is the most durable and technically the most demanding type of coronary artery bypass grafting procedure. It has proven long-term supremacy in comparison to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. In our study, we investigated the reliability of EuroSCORE II as a predictor of intrahospital death. We showed its impact on adverse perioperative events. METHODS: In this nonrandomized prospective study, we analyzed 116 consecutive patients who underwent the total arterial revascularization procedure at our Institute from January 2011 until the present. For myocardial revascularization, the most suitable combinations with left internal mammary artery, right internal mammary artery, and radial artery grafts were used. Main fact in this research was intrahospital mortality value in comparison with the value predicted. RESULTS: There were 104 (89.7%) males and 12 (10.3%) females. Mean preoperative EuroSCORE II prediction value was 1.98% and postoperative we obtained 1.72%. Postoperative redo for bleeding was 6%. Positive correlation was proven between the EuoroSCORE II value and intensive care unit stay (0.452; p < 0.001). Among patients who received two internal mammary arteries, the highest EuroSCORE II was among those with presternal wound infection (p = 0.005). Patients with bilateral internal mammary arteries and diabetes showed that they have the highest values of EuroSCORE II and, at the same time, that they are extremely prone to wound problems. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved a lower intrahospital mortality level than it was predicted with preoperative EuroSCORE II value. This tool is a reliable method for preoperative death risk calculation in this group of patients.

Predictors of intra-hospital mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in Nigeria: data from the MEDFUN study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. Mortality in patients hospitalized for DFU in Nigeria is unacceptably high. This study was undertaken to determine factors that predict mortality in patients hospitalized for DFU in Nigeria. METHODS: The current study was part of Multi-centre Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Nigeria (MEDFUN), an observational study conducted in six tertiary healthcare institutions across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consecutive type 1 or 2 diabetic patients hospitalized for DFU who consented to participate were recruited and subjected to relevant clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments and multidisciplinary care until discharge or death. Data for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were expunged from current mortality analysis due to their small number. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-three type 2 DM subjects with mean age and mean duration of DM of 57.2 ± 11.4 years and 8.7 ± 5.8 years respectively participated in this study. The median duration of ulcers was 39 days with a range of 28 to 54 days and the majority (79.9%) presented with advanced ulcers of at least Wagner grade 3. Mortality of 21.4% was recorded in the study, with the highest mortality observed among subjects with Wagner grade 5. Variables significantly associated with mortality with their respective p values were DM duration more than 120 months (p 0.005), ulcer duration > 1 month (p 0.020), ulcer severity of Wagner grade 3 and above (p 0.001), peripheral arterial disease (p 0.005), proteinuria (p < 0.001), positive blood cultures (p < 0.001), low HDL (p < 0.001), shock at presentation (p < 0.001), cardiac failure (p 0.027), and renal impairment (p < 0.001). On Multivariate regression analysis, presence of bacteraemia (OR 5.053; 95% CI 2.572-9.428) and renal impairment (OR 2.838; 95% CI 1.349-5.971) were significantly predictive of mortality independent of other variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high intra-hospital mortality among patients with DFU, with the majority of deaths occurring among those with advanced ulcers, bacteraemia, cardiac failure, and renal impairment. Prompt attention to these factors might help improve survival from DFU in Nigeria.

Rates of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Mild Head Trauma Patients Presenting to Emergency Department and Their Management: A Comparison of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Drugs with Vitamin K Antagonists.

Background and objectives: Anticoagulants are thought to increase the risks of traumatic intracranial injury and poor clinical outcomes after blunt head trauma. The safety of using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. This study aims to compare the incidence of post-traumatic ICH following mild head injury (MHI) and to assess the need for surgery, mortality rates, emergency department (ED) revisit rates, and the volume of ICH. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center observational study on all patients admitted to our emergency department for mild head trauma from 1 January 2016, to 31 December 2018. We enrolled 234 anticoagulated patients, of which 156 were on VKAs and 78 on DOACs. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scans on arrival (T0) and after 24 h (T24). The control group consisted of patients not taking anticoagulants, had no clotting disorders, and who reported an MHI in the same period. About 54% in the control group had CTs performed. Results: The anticoagulated groups were comparable in baseline parameters. Patients on VKA developed ICH more frequently than patients on DOACs and the control group at 17%, 5.13%, and 7.5%, respectively. No significant difference between the two groups was noted in terms of surgery, intrahospital mortality rates, ED revisit rates, and the volume of ICH. Conclusions: Patients with mild head trauma on DOAC therapy had a similar prevalence of ICH to that of the control group. Meanwhile, patients on VKA therapy had about twice the ICH prevalence than that on the control group or patients on DOAC, which remained after correcting for age. No significant difference in the need for surgery was determined; however, this result must take into account the very small number of patients needing surgery.

Intrahospital mortality of influenza patients during the 2017-2018 influenza season : Report from a tertiary care hospital in Austria.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza is responsible for excess mortality and morbidity all over the northern hemisphere. To the authors' knowledge there are no comprehensive data available about morbidity and mortality of hospitalized influenza patients in Austria. The aim of this study was to assess the intrahospital mortality of hospitalized patients with influenza in this tertiary care hospital. METHODS: During the 2017-2018 influenza season all patients presenting to the emergency department with influenza-like illness as well as hospitalized patients developing symptoms suggestive of influenza were tested with a rapid real-time PCR influenza test. In total 751 patients were tested at this tertiary care hospital and 330 showed a positive Influenza test result positive and were therefore included in the present study. The primary outcome was intrahospital mortality. RESULTS: Of the 330 positively tested patients n = 110 (33%) were type A influenza and n = 220 (67%) were type B influenza. The hospitalization rate of patients presenting to the emergency department with a positive influenza test was 59% with a mean length stay of 8.6 days in this hospital and an intrahospital mortality of 8.3% (n = 16). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 30% of hospitalized patients with influenza and antibiotics were used in 65.8% of all hospitalized patients with influenza. Patients aged 80 years and older reached an intrahospital mortality of 16.4%. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show a high hospitalization and intrahospital mortality rate of influenza patients in a tertiary care hospital during the 2017-2018 influenza season in Austria.

Prevalence of Hyponatremia and Its Associated Morbimortality in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia (HN) and its associated morbimortality in hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). METHODS: A retrospective study including 222 patients receiving total PN (parenteral nutrition group [PNG]) over a 7-month period in a tertiary hospital and 176 matched to 179 control subjects without PN (control subjects group [CSG]). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), date of HN detection-(serum sodium or SNa <135 mmol/L)-intrahospital mortality, and hospital length-of-stay (LOS) were registered. In the PNG, body mass index (BMI) and SNa before, during, and after PN were recorded. RESULTS: HN was more prevalent in the PNG: 52.8 vs. 35.8% (p = 0.001), and independent of age, gender, or CCI (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.8], p = 0.006). In patients on PN, sustained HN (75% of all intraindividual SNa <135 mmol/L) was associated with a higher mortality rate independent of age, gender, CCI, or BMI (OR 7.38 [95% CI 1.07-50.8], p = 0.042). The absence of HN in PN patients was associated with a shorter hospital LOS (<30 days) and was independent of other comorbidities (OR 3.89 [95% CI 2.11-7.18], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: HN is more prevalent in patients on PN. Sustained HN is associated with a higher intrahospital mortality rate. Absence of HN is associated with a shorter hospital LOS.

Incidencia e impacto de Injuria Renal Aguda comunitaria e intrahospitalaria en un Hospital Universitario de Buenos Aires / Incidence and impact of community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute kidney injury at a Medical College Hospital in Buenos Aires

INTRODUCCIÓN: La IRA (Injuria Renal Aguda) es una condición prevalente en pacientes internados y se asocia a mayor número de complicaciones, estadía hospitalaria y mortalidad. A pesar de ser una patología ampliamente estudiada, carecemos de datos locales. OBJETIVOS:Determinar la incidencia de IRA en pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital polivalente, su impacto en mortalidad y tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad internados por razones médicas en sala general, unidades de cuidados críticos de los dos Hospitales Universitarios de CEMIC, durante los meses de marzo, abril y mayo del año 2013. Se definió IRA según los criterios de AKIN. Se estimó la mortalidad durante la internación y tiempo de estadía hospitalaria, tanto para el grupo con IRA como para el resto de los pacientes. Resultados: Se registraron 681 internaciones de las cuales 50 fueron excluidas por falta de datos, y 125 por enfermedad renal crónica estadio V o trasplante renal. El 52,2% del total fueron hombres, la mediana de edad fue de 69 años (56-79) y la mediana de creatinina fue de 0.89 mg/dl (0.7-1.06). La mortalidad global en internación fue de 42 casos (8.3%). De las internaciones incluidas (506) 82 presentaron AKIN I (60,3%), 25 AKIN II (18,3 %) y 29 AKIN III (21,3%). La incidencia global de IRA en el período fue de 26,9 %. La incidencia de IRA intrahospitalaria (IRA-IH) fue de 12,5%, en tanto que de IRA adquirida en la comunidad (IRA-AC) de 16,4%. Para el cálculo de la IRA-IH se excluyeron los pacientes que ingresaron con IRA-AC. La mediana de internación expresada en días en pacientes con IRA fue de 9,5 (5-17) y de 4 (2-8) en los pacientes sin IRA. El odds ratio (OR) de mortalidad asociado a IRA fue de 1,68 (IC: 0,98-2,88), pero discriminado según gravedad fue: para AKIN I 0,89 (IC: 0,39-2,05), AKIN II 1,37 (IC: 0,39-4,81) y AKIN III 20,95 (CI: 7,10-61,82). CONCLUSIÓN: La incidencia de IRA en pacientes hospitalizados por causas médicas, que hayan ingresado al Hospital por el Servicio de Medicina Interna, es de 26,9%. Haber cursado con IRA durante la internación se asocia con mayor mortalidad y mayor tiempo de estadía hospitalaria, hecho que condice con otros reportes

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition among hospitalized patients and is associated with a higher number of complications and death rate, as well as with longer hospitalization periods. Despite being a widely studied pathology, no data have been collected within our local context. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of AKI in patients at a general hospital, its impact on mortality and hospitalization period. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who had been admitted to the general ward or the intensive care unit at two CEMIC Medical College Hospitals from March to May 2013. AKI was defined according to the AKIN criteria. Death rate and hospitalization period were estimated for the AKI patients group and for the rest of the patients at these institutions. RESULTS: 681 cases were reported, 50 of which were excluded due to lack of information and 125 due to stage V chronic kidney disease or kidney transplant. 52.2% of subjects were men; the mean age was 69 (56-79), and the mean creatinine level was 0.89 mg/dL (0.7-1.06). Global mortality was of 8.3% (42 cases). Out of the total number of subjects (506), 82 met criteria for AKIN stage-1 (60.3%); 25, for AKIN stage-2 (18.3%), and 29, for AKIN stage-3 (21.3%). The global incidence of AKI during the period was of 26.9% [hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) = 12.5% and community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) = 16.4%]. To calculate the number of HA-AKI cases, the CA-AKI patients were not included. The average hospitalization period for AKI patients was 9.5 days (5-17) and 4 days (2-8) for the rest of them. The mortality odds ratio (OR) associated with AKI was of 1.68 (CI: 0.98-2.88), but depending on the severity of the condition, the OR values were: 0.89 (CI: 0.39-2.05) for AKIN stage-1; 1.37 (CI: 0.39-4.81) for AKIN stage-2, and 20.95 (CI: 7.10-61.82) for AKIN stage-3. CONCLUSION: The incidence of AKI in patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Service was of 26.9%. Suffering from AKI while hospitalized correlates with a higher death rate and a longer hospitalization period. These results are similar to those in other reports