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Background: Colonoscopy has been widely applied in clinic because of its value in screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases. Discomfort and pain account for a great part of incomplete intubation during sedation-free colonoscopy. Aims: To identify the predictive factors for difficult sedation-free colonoscopy. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years old undergone sedation-free colonoscopy at the Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from January to December in 2017 were enrolled. The clinical data and medical history were collected. Each patient completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) with the help of nurse before colonoscopy. Sedation-free colonoscopy was performed by experienced endoscopist. The Ottawa bowel preparation scale and Visual Analog Scale were used to evaluate the quality of bowel cleansing and pain during the procedure. Results: The total cecum intubation rate was 97.1% (198/204), and 192 patients completing the EPQ were enrolled for analyses. Twenty-four patients had a difficult colonoscopy (intubation time prolonged to >10 min). By univariate analysis, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), history of surgery, pain level and score of Extraversion-Introversion Scale of EPQ (EPQ-E) were associated with difficulty during colonoscopy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that history of pelvic surgery was a risk factor for difficult colonoscopy (OR=6.833, 95% CI: 2.396-19.488, P<0.001), whereas overweight (OR=0.190, 95% CI: 0.038-0.962, P=0.045) and score of EPQ-E ranged from 8-15 (OR=0.367, 95% CI: 0.150-0.896, P=0.028) were protective factors. Conclusions: History of pelvic surgery, lower BMI and extraversion or introversion personality may increase the difficulty during sedation-free colonoscopy. EPQ-E might be used for selecting candidates of sedation-free colonoscopy when it is performed by an inexperienced endoscopist.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Extraversion/introversion and age differences might influence speed-accuracy tradeoff. Objective: The speed-accuracy tradeoff was investigated in extroverted and introverted female children, young adults and older adults. Method: Participants carried out an alternative version of Fitts' task, which involved making alternate clicks with the mouse held in the dominant hand, moving as fast as possible, on two rectangular targets on a computer screen in order to make twelve attempts at six random levels of difficulty (twelve combinations of target widths and distances between targets). Each of the three groups was composed of 16 introverted and 16 extroverted subjects, based upon Brazilian versions of Eysenck's questionnaire. Results: Elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extroverts. Additionally, compared to their younger adult counterparts, the elderly subjects fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors, besides taking longer to complete the task with higher levels of difficulty. Conclusion: The findings were interpreted in light of theories designed to explain the main processes underlying extroversion/introversion and age-related differences. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality prospective study.
RESUMO Introdução: Diferenças de extroversão/introversão e idade podem influenciar na troca velocidade-precisão. Objetivo: A troca velocidade-precisão foi investigada em garotas, jovens adultas e idosas extrovertidas e introvertidas. Método: As participantes realizaram uma versão alternativa da tarefa de Fitts, a qual consistia em clicar alternadamente com a mão dominante no mouse, o mais rápido possível, em dois alvos retangulares na tela do computador, a fim de fazer doze tentativas em seis níveis aleatórios de dificuldade (doze combinações de larguras e distâncias entre os alvos). Cada um dos três grupos era composto por 16 introvertidas e 16 extrovertidas, com base nas versões brasileiras do questionário de Eysenck. Resultados: As idosas introvertidas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais em comparação às idosas extrovertidas. Ainda, as idosas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais, além de demorarem mais tempo para concluírem as tarefas com níveis maiores de dificuldade quando comparadas com as jovens adultas. Conclusão: Os achados foram interpretados com base nas teorias criadas para explicarem os principais processos sobre as diferenças relacionadas à extroversão/introversão e à idade. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prospectivo de menor qualidade.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las diferencias de extroversión/introversión y edad pueden influir en el cambio velocidad-precisión. Objetivo: El cambio velocidad-precisión fue investigado en mujeres jóvenes adultas y de la tercera edad introvertidas y extrovertidas. Método: Las participantes realizaron una versión alternativa de la tarea de Fitts, que consistía en hacer clic alternadamente con el ratón, usando la mano dominante, lo más rápidamente posible, en dos objetos rectangulares en la pantalla de la computadora, a fin de realizar doce tentativas con seis niveles aleatorios de dificultad (doce combinaciones de anchos y distancias entre los objetos). Cada uno de los tres grupos fue compuesto por 16 introvertidas y 16 extrovertidas, con base en las versiones brasileñas del cuestionario de Eysenck. Resultados: Las mujeres de tercera edad introvertidas acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales en comparación a las mujeres de tercera edad extrovertidas. Además, las mujeres de tercera edad acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales, además de demorar más tiempo para concluir las tareas con niveles mayores de dificultad cuando comparadas con las mujeres jóvenes adultas. Conclusión: Los hallazgos fueron interpretados con base en las teorías creadas para explicar los principales procesos sobre las diferencias relacionadas a la extroversión/la introversión y a la edad. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo de menor calidad.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the personality traits of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) . Methods From October 2016 to May 2017 ,80 patients with FD who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology ,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were enrolled ,among them 40 patients were in the depression and anxiety group and 40 patients were in the non depression or anxiety group .In addition ,40 healthy controls who underwent physical examination at the same period were included .Four dimensions including extroversion ,neuroticism ,psychoticism and masking of the subjects were analyzed by Eysenck personality questionnaire and their personality traits were evaluated .T-test and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis .Results The extroversion scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 8 .18 ± 3 .80 , 8 .65 ± 4 .16 and 10 .95 ± 3 .40 ,respectively ;and the scores of the depression and anxiety group and the non depression or anxiety group were both lower than that of the healthy control group , and the differences were statistically significant (t= -3 .443 and -2 .708 ,both P< 0 .01) .The neuroticism scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 16 .23 ± 4 .65 ,13 .58 ± 4 .54 and 13 .23 ± 4 .64 ,respectively ;the neuroticism score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than those of the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (t=2 .579 and 2 .887 ,both P< 0 .05);however there was no statistical significant difference between the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group (P>0 .05) .The psychoticism scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 7 .30 ± 3 .16 ,5 .93 ± 2 .50 and 4 .93 ± 1 .87 ,respectively ;the psychoticism score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than those of the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy controls , and the differences were statistically significant (t=2 .158 and 4 .086 ,both P<0 .05);and the score of the non depression or anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2 .027 ,P= 0 .046) .The masking scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 13 .48 ± 4 .24 ,11 .68 ± 4 .64 and 11 .10 ± 3 .93 , respectively ,the score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (t= 2 .598 , P= 0 .011) . The percentages of introversional personality of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 30 .0％ (12/40 ) ,30 .0％ (12/40 ) and 7 .5％ (3/40 ) , respectively ;the percentages of the depression and anxiety group and the non depression or anxiety group were both higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (both χ2 =5 .251 , P=0 .022) .The percentages of psychotic personality of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 77 .5％ (31/40) ,65 .0％ (26/40) and 45 .0％ (18/40) , respectively ;the percentage of the depression and anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8 .901 ,P=0 .003) .Conclusions The characteristics of personality traits of FD patients are introversion ,neuroticism and psychoticism .Whether FD patients are associated with anxiety and depression is related to neuroticism and psychoticism .Psychological interventions can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of some FD patients .
