Alternative conceptions of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 assumed by Basic Education pre-service teachers. A case study for Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: Almost at the end of 2022, the world is experiencing a relative calm after the rigors imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowing the ideas, feelings and procedures used by people in this type of unexpected events, which exceeded all established standards of educational and health actions, can help us be prepared for the possible occurrence of similar events. This study aims to determine the main alternative conceptions that pre-service teachers hold about the pandemic and the post-pandemic within the framework of the four basic pillars of Education. METHODS: A case study was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The unit of analysis was made up of 227 students from the major of Primary Education at Universidad Técnica del Norte. Two research instruments were used to collect the data: a test for verbal associations where participants can express themselves freely with hierarchical, substitution and connotative evocations; and Specialized Analytical Summary sheets to revise and organize specialized scientific texts. The data was analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. RESULTS: At first glance, what was expressed in the two contexts, both in the pandemic and in the post-pandemic, show a similar structure; however, a deeper analysis reveals different perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: In the end, the alternative conceptions moved from expressing fear to tranquility.

Tracking demands for seeking psychological help before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a quanti-qualitative study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented burdens on individuals and communities around the world. The isolation, fear, and uncertainty caused by the virus has led to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. The pandemic has also had a disproportionate impact on individuals and communities with low income and socioeconomic status.ObjectiveTo shed light on the consequences of the pandemic on individuals from minorities and low-income areas, we investigate the main reasons that led patients who were referred to a social clinic of a private university in Rio de Janeiro to seek psychological treatment before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020 and 2021).MethodsWe conducted a quanti-qualitative study with a lexical analysis that evaluated 549 complaint forms of patients seeking treatment in these two distinct periods. Our analyses included descending hierarchical analysis (DHA) and correspondence factor analysis (CFA).ResultsFamily dynamics and communication factors play a dominant role in the reason for seeking therapy and psychological treatment. Additionally, our study suggested an increase in anxiety and panic attacks among other mental health issues associated with grief and losses during the pandemic years.ConclusionBased on these analyses, we can begin to identify a few changes in the main demand and redirection of complaints of patients during the period of COVID-19.

Lay representations of artificial intelligence and autonomous military machines.

This study is about how lay persons perceive and represent artificial intelligence in general as well as its use in weaponised autonomous ground vehicles in the military context. We analysed the discourse of six focus groups in Estonia, using an automatic text analysis tool and complemented the results by a qualitative thematic content analysis. The findings show that representations of artificial intelligence-driven machines are anchored in the image of man. A cluster analysis revealed five dominant themes: artificial intelligence as programmed machines, artificial intelligence and the problem of control, artificial intelligence and its relation to human life, artificial intelligence used in wars and ethical problems in developing autonomous weaponised machines. The findings are discussed with regard to people's tendency to anthropomorphise robots despite their lack of emotions, which can be seen as a last resort when confronting an autonomous machine where the usual interpersonal understanding of intentions does not apply.

Tracking demands for seeking psychological help before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a quanti-qualitative study

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented burdens on individuals and communities around the world. The isolation, fear, and uncertainty caused by the virus has led to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. The pandemic has also had a disproportionate impact on individuals and communities with low income and socioeconomic status. Objective To shed light on the consequences of the pandemic on individuals from minorities and low-income areas, we investigate the main reasons that led patients who were referred to a social clinic of a private university in Rio de Janeiro to seek psychological treatment before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020 and 2021). Methods We conducted a quanti-qualitative study with a lexical analysis that evaluated 549 complaint forms of patients seeking treatment in these two distinct periods. Our analyses included descending hierarchical analysis (DHA) and correspondence factor analysis (CFA). Results Family dynamics and communication factors play a dominant role in the reason for seeking therapy and psychological treatment. Additionally, our study suggested an increase in anxiety and panic attacks among other mental health issues associated with griefand losses during the pandemic years. Conclusion Based on these analyses, we can begin to identify a few changes in the main demand and redirection of complaints of patients during the period of COVID-19.

Concepções de professores sobre as vivências acadêmicas de universitários de matemática / Teachers 'conceptions about the academic experiences of Mathematics university / Concepciones de los profesores sobre las experiencias académicas de la universidad de Matemáticas

O ingresso à universidade dos estudantes de Matemática é marcado por muitas dificuldades. O conhecimento das concepções dos professores pode nos levar à reflexão de como esses alunos possam ter melhores experiências acadêmicas visto que, os docentes são os principais responsáveis pelo processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as concepções de professores sobre a adaptação à universidade e a satisfação com o curso dos alunos de Matemática. Participaram 23 professores, sendo 11 de universidades públicas e 12 de privadas, do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada entrevista individual com 12 perguntas abertas. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Iramuteq. Foram analisados 303 segmentos de texto, obtendo-se cinco Classes (Dificuldades do Estudante, Gestão do Tempo, Razões para a Escolha do Curso, Oportunidades de Emprego e Ambiente Acadêmico). Conclui-se que os professores atribuem as dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos aos déficits de conteúdo, falta de gerenciamento do tempo e que trabalham durante o dia. (AU)

Mathematics students' entrance into the university is marked by many difficulties. The knowledge of the teachers 'conceptions can lead us to reflect on how these students can have better academic experiences since, the teachers are the main responsible for the students' learning process. This study aims to identify teachers 'conceptions about adaptation to the university and satisfaction with the mathematics students' course. Participated 23 teachers, 11 from public universities and 12 from private universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Individual interviews were conducted with 12 open-ended questions. Iramuteq software was used for data analysis. 303 text segments were analyzed, obtaining five Classes (Student Difficulties, Time Management, Reasons for Choosing the Course, Employment Opportunities and Academic Environment). It is concluded that teachers attribute students' learning difficulties to content deficits, lack of time management and who work during the day. (AU)

El ingreso de los estudiantes de matemáticas a la universidad está marcado por muchas dificultades. El conocimiento de las concepciones de los docentes puede llevarnos a reflexionar sobre cómo estos estudiantes pueden tener mejores experiencias académicas ya que, los docentes son los principales responsables del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las concepciones de los docentes sobre la adaptación a la universidad y la satisfacción con el curso de los estudiantes de matemáticas. Participaron 23 profesores, 11 de universidades públicas y 12 de universidades privadas del estado de Río de Janeiro. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con 12 preguntas abiertas. Se utilizó el software Iramuteq para el análisis de datos. Se analizaron 303 segmentos de texto, obteniendo cinco Clases (Dificultades del alumno, Gestión del tiempo, Razones para elegir el curso, Oportunidades laborales y Ambiente académico). Se concluye que los docentes atribuyen las dificultades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes a déficits de contenido, falta de gestión del tiempo y que trabajan durante la jornada. (AU)

Motivação para o trabalho voluntário: proposição de um modelo compreensivo / Motivación para el trabajo voluntario: propuesta de un modelo integral / Motivation for Volunteer Work: Proposition of a Comprehensive Model

No Brasil, estudos sobre a motivação para o trabalho voluntário e suas nuances permanecem escassos, enquanto no exterior identificase uma dificuldade para o consenso teórico. Adicionalmente, os estudos existentes, com frequência, não ponderam sobre os diferentes tipos de trabalho voluntário, as diferenças sociodemográficas e a importância das variáveis culturais de cada país. Logo, este estudo analisou as motivações para o voluntariado de 150 trabalhadores brasileiros, de diferentes organizações e com variadas características demográficas, objetivando propor um modelo compreensivo que refletisse tanto as peculiaridades da realidade nacional, quanto as recomendações da literatura internacional. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, através do softwareiramuteq, que apresentou 5 possíveis classes lexicais ou tipos de motivação para o trabalho voluntário: religiosa, fraternal, altruísta, transformadora e pessoal. Dessa forma, esperase gerar subsídios para o aumento da compreensão sobre o trabalho voluntário no Brasil, contribuindo para o aprimoramento de políticas de atração, manutenção e avaliação de sua qualidade.

En Brasil los estudios sobre la motivación para el trabajo voluntario y sus matices siguen siendo escasos, mientras que en el extranjero se identifica una dificultad para el consenso teórico. Además, los estudios existentes a menudo no consideran los diferentes tipos de trabajo voluntario, las diferencias sociodemográficas y la importancia de las variables culturales en cada país. De ese modo, este estudio analizó las motivaciones para el voluntariado de 150 trabajadores brasileños, de diferentes organizaciones y con características demográficas variadas, con el objetivo de proponer un modelo integrado que reflejara tanto las peculiaridades de la realidad nacional como las recomendaciones de la literatura internacional. Los datos se analizaron cualitativamente a través del software iramuteq, que pre-sentó cinco posibles clases léxicas o tipos de motivación para el trabajo voluntario: religioso, fraterno, altruista, transformador y personal. Por lo tanto, se espera ayudar a aumentar la comprensión del trabajo voluntario en Brasil, contribuyendo a la mejora de las políticas para atraer y mantener personas, y evaluar la calidad de los programas .

In Brazil, studies on the motivation for voluntary work and its nuances remain scarce. Abroad, there are difficulties for a theoretical consensus. In addition, existing studies often do not consider the different types of volunteer work, the sociodemographic differences, and the importance of cultural variables in each coun-try. Therefore, this study analyzed the motivations for volunteering of 150 Brazilian workers from different organizations and diverse demographic characteris-tics, aiming to propose a comprehensive model that reflected both the national reality's peculiarities and the recommendations from the international literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the iramuteqsoftware, which presented five possible lexical classes or types of motivation for voluntary work: religious, fraternal, altruistic, transformative, and personal. Thus, it is expected to help increase the understanding of volun-teer work in Brazil, contributing to the improvement of policies aimed at attracting and maintaining volunteers, and evaluate the quality of the programs.

O Uso do Software Iramuteq: Fundamentos de Lexicometria para Pesquisas Qualitativas / The Use of the Iramuteq Software: Fundamentals of Lexicometry for Qualitative Research / El uso del Software Iramuteq: Fundamentos de Lexicometría para la Investigación Cualitativa

A análise de dados qualitativos tem sido auxiliada por diferentes programas computacionais (e.g., Alceste, Iramuteq, TXM, Lexico). O Iramuteq é um software gratuito que auxilia o tratamento de dados textuais e oferece diferentes possibilidades de análise baseadas na estatística de texto, ou lexicometria. O artigo buscou apresentar essa abordagem e oferecer fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para o uso do Iramuteq em pesquisas qualitativas. O texto discorre sobre os princípios da lexicometria e apresenta as características, potencialidades e limites das diferentes técnicas de tratamento lexical viabilizadas pelo Iramuteq: Estatísticas Textuais Clássicas, Análise de Especificidades, Análise de Similitude, Análise Fatorial por Correspondência, Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (método Reinert - Alceste), Nuvem de Palavras e Análise Prototípica de evocações livres. Espera-se que o trabalho possa estimular a utilização crítica e contextualizada do Iramuteq em pesquisas qualitativas, assim como contribuir para a formação de estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores da psicologia e áreas afins que possam se beneficiar do uso da ferramenta em seus estudos. (AU)

Qualitative data analysis has been aided by various computer programs (e.g., Alceste Iramuteq, TXM, Lexicon). Iramuteq is a free software that helps the treatment of textual data and offers different possibilities of analysis based on text statistics, or lexicometry. This paper aims to present this approach and provide theoretical and methodological foundations for the use of Iramuteq in qualitative research. The text discusses the principles of lexicometry and presents the characteristics, potentialities and limits of the different lexical treatment techniques made possible by Iramuteq: Classic Textual Statistics, Specificity Analysis, Similitude Analysis, Factorial Analysis by Correspondence, Descending Hierarchical Classification (Reinert's method - Alceste), Word Cloud and Prototypical Analysis of free evocations. It is expected that the work can stimulate the critical and contextualized use of Iramuteq in qualitative research, as well as contribute to the training of graduate students and researchers in psychology and related fields who can benefit from the use of the tool in their studies. (AU)

El análisis de datos cualitativos ha sido ayudado por diferentes programas de computadora (e.g., Alceste, Iramuteq, TXM, Lexico). Iramuteq es un software gratuito que ayuda al procesamiento de datos textuales y ofrece diferentes posibilidades de análisis basadas en estadísticas de texto o lexicometría. El artículo buscó presentar este enfoque y ofrecer fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos para el uso de Iramuteq en la investigación cualitativa. El texto analiza los principios de la lexicometría y presenta las características, potencialidades y límites de las diferentes técnicas de tratamiento léxico de Iramuteq: Estadística Textual Clásica, Análisis de Especificidad, Análisis de Similitud, Análisis Factorial por Correspondencia, Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (método Reinert - Alceste), Nube de Palabras y Análisis Prototípico de evocaciones libres. Se espera que el trabajo pueda estimular el uso crítico y contextualizado de Iramuteq en la investigación cualitativa, así como contribuir a la capacitación de estudiantes graduados e investigadores en psicología y campos relacionados que puedan beneficiarse del uso de la herramienta en sus estudios. (AU)

Analyzing suicide life stories on Wikipedia with Highway_star and other textual visualization tools.

Being responsible for a death every 40s, suicide is a major public health concern (Brunier et al. 2019). Even if many of its risk factors are social (Van Orden et al. 2010), there are surprisingly few qualitative sociological studies about the phenomenon. This study aim is to provide a life-story sociological analysis of suicidal trajectories. Two challenges are identified: gathering suicidal narrative and maintaining a quantitative foreground in order to deepen and rationalize the interpretation of data. They are both faced using a self-made, free to use, open access, algorithm: Highway_star (https://github.com/matheo-daly/highway_star). Two corpora of Wikipedia biographies of people who died by suicide in the 1920s (N = 82) and 2020s (N = 49) are gathered. Following an application of Fritze Schütze's methodology (Schütze, 2014), classical textual visualizations are produced. A Hierarchical Descending Classification, a Factorial Correspondence Analysis and a Similarity Analysis reveal five narration categories centered around different topics: cinema, death, family, poetry and politics. As none of those visualizations focuses on the developmental aspect of the biography, they offer limited interest for a life-story investigation. The second functionality of the Highway_star tool, which represents a narrative's unfolding with a Sankey Diagram, allows completing the analysis. It shows interesting differences between decades or gender. An example of the last being that men narratives tend to be more complex and achievement focused, while the women ones are more linear and family centered. The study's range has limitations. A major one is related to the corpus and the inability to identify clearly which parts of the narratives are associated to fame and which to suicide. Another one is linked to the Highway_star tool that sometimes lack of flexibility.

A experiência vivida de mulheres na conjugalidade contemporânea: uma análise com iramuteq / Women's lived experience in contemporary conjugality: an analysis with iramuteq / La vivencia de mujeres en la conyugalidad contemporánea: un análisis con iramuteq

Este estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir de pesquisa de mestrado, realizada com o objetivo de compreender a experiência vivida de mulheres de classe média na conjugalidade contemporânea. Para a etapa de coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, com uma pergunta disparadora. Com o objetivo de garantir maior robustez e fidedignidade à etapa de análise dos conteúdos obtidos por meio das entrevistas, foi utilizado o software livre Iramuteq no processamento dos dados, que gerou cinco diferentes classes, posteriormente denominadas e criteriosamente analisadas quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram para as mudanças ocorridas na vida das mulheres após a maternidade e a forma como os cônjuges dividem as atividades domésticas e de cuidados com os filhos. Os resultados evidenciaram também os conflitos e ambivalências entre as exigências estabelecidas socialmente pelos papéis do gênero feminino e as experiências vividas por essas mulheres na conjugalidade contemporânea.(AU)

This study reports the results a master's degree research that aimed to understand the lived experience of middle-class women in contemporary conjugality. Data were collected using, a semi-structured interview with a triggering question to guarantee greater robustness and reliability in the analysis, data were processed using Iramuteq free software, which generated five different classes that were later named and carefully analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results indicate changes in the lives of women after motherhood, as well as the way spouses share household and child care activities. Moreover, they revealed the conflicts and ambivalences between socially established demands regarding feminine roles and these woman´s lived experiences in contemporary conjugality.(AU)

Este estudio presenta los resultados de la investigación de maestría cuyo objetivo fue comprender la vivencia de mujeres de clase media en la conyugalidad contemporánea. Para la etapa de recolección de datos, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada con una pregunta disparadora. Con el objetivo de garantizar mayor solidez y fiabilidad da la etapa de análisis de los contenidos de las entrevistas, se utilizó el software libre Iramuteq en el procesamiento de los datos, en el cual emergieron cinco diferentes clases que fueron posteriormente denominadas y cuidadosamente analizadas cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Los resultados apuntan a los cambios ocurridos en la vida de las mujeres después de la maternidad y la forma cómo los cónyuges dividen los trabajos domésticos y de cuidado con los hijos. Además, evidencian los conflictos y ambivalencias entre las exigencias establecidas socialmente por los roles del género femenino y las vivencias de esas mujeres en la conyugalidad contemporánea.(AU)

O uso do software Iramuteq na análise de dados de entrevistas / The use of the Iramuteq software in the interview data analysis / El uso del software Iramuteq en el análisis de datos de entrevistas

O domínio metodológico na análise de dados é importante na formação em pesquisa. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os procedimentos de análise de dados oriundos de entrevistas qualitativas com apoio do Iramuteq, software gratuito de análise estatística textual. Foram analisados 38 artigos empíricos publicados entre 2009 e 2018, principalmente nas áreas de Enfermagem e Psicologia. Trinta e três usaram a técnica de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), 12 a Análise de Similitude, e somente três a Análise Fatorial por Correspondência (AFC). Dos artigos analisados, 33 apresentaram justificativa de escolha do Iramuteq e 10 adotaram a Teoria das Representações Sociais como referencial teórico. A principal conclusão é a da subutilização dos recursos técnicos do Iramuteq, o que limita a compreensão mais ampla do fenômeno estudado. Apresentam-se sugestões de uso isolado e conjugado dos recursos de análise do Iramuteq para contribuir na formação metodológica de pesquisadores interessados na análise de dados textuais.

The methodological domain in data analysis is important in research training. The aim of this study was do analyze data analysis procedures from qualitative interviews supported by Iramuteq, a free textual statistical analysis software. We analyzed 38 empirical articles published between 2009 and 2018, mainly in the areas of Nursing and Psychology. Thirty-three used the technique of Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC), 12 Similitude Analysis, and only three have used Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FAC). Thirty-three of the total presented justification for choosing Iramuteq and 10 adopted the Theory of Social Representations as a framework of theoretical analysis. We conclude that there is an underutilization of the Iramuteq's technical resources, which limits the understanding the phenomenon under study more extensively. Suggestions for single and combined use of the Iramuteq analysis resources are presented to contribute to the methodological training of researchers interested in the analysis of textual data.

El dominio metodológico en el análisis de datos es importante en la capacitación en investigación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los procedimientos de análisis de datos de entrevistas cualitativas respaldadas por Iramuteq, un software de análisis estadístico textual gratuito. Analizamos 38 artículos empíricos publicados entre 2009 a 2018, principalmente en las áreas de Enfermería y Psicología. Treinta y tres utilizaron la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (CJD), 12 el análisis de similitud, sólo 3 utilizaron el análisis factorial de correspondencias (AFC). Treinta y tres justificaron la elección del Iramuteq y 10 tuvieron la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como referencial teórico. Concluimos que existe una subutilización de los recursos técnicos de Iramuteq, lo que limita la comprensión más amplia del fenómeno estudiado. Se presentan sugerencias de uso aislado y combinado de los recursos del Iramuteq para contribuir a la formación metodológica de investigadores interesados en el análisis de datos textuales.

Brazilian caregivers' conception on child bullying.

BACKGROUND: Bullying is a complex social phenomenon, which is common in peer relationships and is influenced by different individual and contextual characteristics. Despite broad knowledge on the importance of the family for children's development, many studies about bullying neglect the family's active role. In that sense, investigating caregivers' conception about bullying can be an important strategy to promote effective interventions. The objective in this study was to analyze the caregivers' conception on the phenomenon of bullying, specifically regarding its occurrence, motivations, and risks for the children's development, and verify if this conception is consistent with the findings of the international literature. The study participants were 401 caregivers (77.1% were mothers) of children in elementary education at Brazilian schools. An online questionnaire was used with closed questions and an open question on what the caregivers considered bullying. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and quantitative textual analysis. RESULTS: Caregivers have good knowledge on signs and forms of coping with bullying. On the other hand, they tend not to recognize their children as potential aggressors and do not mention the family's role as a risk factor for the occurrence of this type of problem. CONCLUSIONS: The results allowed us to understand what Brazilian caregivers think about bullying and how they act or would act towards situations of bullying and reveals a relevant gap on this comprehension.

Between Past and Present: The Sociopsychological Constructs of Colonialism, Coloniality and Postcolonialism.

If one of the major aspirations of postcolonial theory is to re-establish a balance in the relationship between the (former) colonizer and the colonized by engaging the voices of the "subaltern", and on the other hand to illuminate how power relations of the present are embedded in history (Mills 2007), we argue that important theoretical insights might inform research by anchoring post-colonial theory within a sociopsychological framework. While there is a growing corpus of sociopsychological research articles focusing on how major geopolitical events and historical processes bear on people's lives, we aim to investigate the theoretical potential of postcolonial theory within the disciplines aiming at a sociopsychological approach. By focusing on the social dynamics of power imbalances, post-colonial theory finds its operational meaning: the feelings stemming from actions committed in the past are indeed crucial in determining reparatory attitudes and policies towards members of former colonized groups. Firstly, drawing from the sociopsychological scientific production related to consequences of colonial past, seen in recent years as a growing research interest in the field, we will explore patterns and trends through a thematic analysis of literature. Social Psychology as well as adjacent disciplines can greatly benefit from this theoretical fertilization, especially in the way post-colonial ideologies relate to the symbolic promotion versus exclusion of indigenous culture (Sengupta et al., International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 506-517, 2012). Furthermore, by comparing and contrasting the ideological cosmologies relating to this particular topic, this study aims to establish the state of knowledge in the field, to identify how research methods and thematic fields are paired, to find "gaps" and create spaces for research that become integrative of postcolonial theory. While focusing on academic production, we also hope to contribute to develop the idea of cosmopolitism within academia but also beyond academic doors.

Brazilian caregivers' conception on child bullying

Abstract Background: Bullying is a complex social phenomenon, which is common in peer relationships and is influenced by different individual and contextual characteristics. Despite broad knowledge on the importance of the family for children's development, many studies about bullying neglect the family's active role. In that sense, investigating caregivers' conception about bullying can be an important strategy to promote effective interventions. The objective in this study was to analyze the caregivers' conception on the phenomenon of bullying, specifically regarding its occurrence, motivations, and risks for the children's development, and verify if this conception is consistent with the findings of the international literature. The study participants were 401 caregivers (77.1% were mothers) of children in elementary education at Brazilian schools. An online questionnaire was used with closed questions and an open question on what the caregivers considered bullying. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and quantitative textual analysis. Results: Caregivers have good knowledge on signs and forms of coping with bullying. On the other hand, they tend not to recognize their children as potential aggressors and do not mention the family's role as a risk factor for the occurrence of this type of problem. Conclusions: The results allowed us to understand what Brazilian caregivers think about bullying and how they act or would act towards situations of bullying and reveals a relevant gap on this comprehension.

Representações sociais de idosos sobre velhice / Social representations of old age produced by seniors / Representaciones sociales de la vejez por ancianos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e comparar representações sociais sobre velhice produzidas por idosos. Participaram 14 idosos de ambos os sexos divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, constituído por idosos com escolaridade média de 11 anos e maior nível econômico, e grupo 2, com média de 3 anos de escolaridade e baixo nível econômico. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário sociodemografico e entrevista semiestruturada. Foi realizada Classificação Hierárquica Descendente dos dados coletados com o apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados indicam que as representações sociais identificadas no grupo 1 apontam para a velhice como um período para aproveitar amigos, participar de atividades e cuidar de si. No grupo 2 a representação de velhice está pautada na desesperança, frustração, aceitação e preocupação com o futuro. Conclui-se que maiores níveis econômico e de escolaridade e o apoio da família na vida dos idosos favorece a construção de representações positivas da velhice.

The objective of this research was to identify and compare social representations of old age produced by seniors. There were 14 participants elderly of both sexes, divided into two groups: Group 1 consists of seniors with higher education to 11 years and higher economic level and Group 2 elderly with up to 3 years of schooling and low economic level. To collect data we used questionnaire sociodemographic and semi-structured interview. Descending Hierarchical Classification of data collected with the support of IRAMUTEQ software was performed. The results indicate that social representations identified in Group 1 for old age as a period to avail the friends, participate in activities and care for themselves. In group 2 the old age representation is guided in hopelessness, frustration, acceptance and concern for the future. We conclude that the major level economic and schooling and family support in the lives of elderly favors the construction of positive representations of old age.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y comparar las representaciones sociales de la vejez producido por ancianos. Participaran 14 ancianos, ambos sexos, divididos en dos grupos: grupo 1 se compone de más alto nivel educativo y económico y el grupo 2 con un menor nivel educativo y económico. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó cuestionario sociodemográfico y entrevista semiestructurada. Se llevó a cabo la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendiente de los datos recogidos, con el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados muestran que las representaciones sociales del grupo 1 indican la vejez como un momento para disfrutar de los amigos, participar en actividades y cuidarse a sí mismos. En el grupo 2 la representación de la vejez se guía en desesperanza, frustración, aceptación y preocupación por el futuro. Se concluye que el mayor nivel económico y de educación y apoyo de la familia en la vida de los ancianos pueden favorecer la construcción de representaciones positivas de la vejez.

Lexical analysis of the Code of Medical Ethics of the Federal Council of Medicine / Análise lexical do Código de Ética Médica do Conselho Federal de Medicina

Summary Introduction: The Code of Medical Ethics (CME) of the Federal Council of Medicine is the legal document that exposes the moral discourse of Brazilian physicians to society and the profession. It is a set of propositions based on which doctors say they are committed to values of conduct aimed at fair and proper professional practice. Objectives: To verify through lexical analysis of the CME corpus if the goals presented in the arguments of the resolution that established the code are properly addressed in these regulations. Methods: This is a quantitative and qualitative study of descriptive nature, aiming at a lexical analysis of the CME. The lexical analysis was performed using a method of Top-Down Hierarchical Classification of vocabulary, as described by Reinert in 1987, assuming that words used in similar contexts are associated with a single lexical world. In addition to the analysis of results, an improved representation of the charts related with Factorial and Similitude Analyses was made. Results: Six clusters were extracted, leading to the identification of three major branches: health care, professional practice and research. These branches revolve around the figures of physician and patient. The similitude analysis revealed a complementarity status between these two figures. Conclusion: The lexical analysis showed that the purposes contained in the resolution that established the CME were adequately represented in the document body.

Resumo Introdução: o Código de Ética Médica do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CEM) é o documento normativo que expõe o discurso moral dos médicos brasileiros para a sociedade e a profissão. Ele constitui um conjunto de proposições a partir do qual os médicos dizem que se comprometem com valores de condutas visando a uma justa e correta prática profissional. Objetivo: verificar através da análise lexical do corpus do CEM se os propósitos constantes nos considerandos da resolução que o instituiu estão devidamente contemplados nos normativos nele contido. Método: estudo quanti e qualitativo de caráter descritivo que realiza uma análise léxica do CEM. A análise léxica foi efetuada pelo método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente do vocabulário, descrito por Reinert (1987), assumindo que as palavras usadas em contexto similares estão associadas a um mesmo mundo lexical. Associada à análise de resultados com representação aprimorada dos gráficos referentes às análises fatoriais e de similitude. Resultados: foram extraídos seis clusters, a partir dos quais foram identificados três grandes ramos: o assistencial, o profissional e o pesquisador. Todos giram em torno das figuras do médico e do paciente. A análise de similitude mostrou o estado de complementaridade das figuras do médico e do paciente. Conclusão: a análise lexical mostrou que os propósitos contidos na resolução que instituiu o CEM foram adequadamente representados em seu corpo normativo.

Public Understanding of Science in turbulent times III: Deficit to dialogue, champions to critics.

As part of the 20th Anniversary of the Public Understanding of Science journal, the journal has been reflecting on how the field and journal have developed. This research note takes a closer look at some of the trends, considering the journal's 50 most cited papers and using IRaMuTeQ, an open-source computer text analysis technique. The research note presents data that show that the move within public engagement from deficit to dialogue has been followed by a further shift from championing dialogue to criticising its practice. This shift has taken place alongside a continued, but changing, interest in media coverage, surveys and models of public understanding.

Análise crítica do debate presidencial das eleições de 2014 / Critical analysis of presidential debate of 2014 elections

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o debate eleitoral realizado entre sete candidatos à presidência do Brasil em 2014. A amostra composta pelos discursos disponibilizados na mídia foi submetida à análise temática de conteúdo. Destacaram-se entre os temas de análise: Programas Educacionais; Programas Sociais; Desenvolvimento Social e Econômico; Corrupção na Petrobrás; Outros Casos de Corrupção e Compromissos Assumidos. Como conclusão, os resultados enfatizam a importância da mídia na decisão do voto popular. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the electoral debate among seven candidates of Brazil´s presidency in 2014. A sample consisting of the speeches available in the media was submitted to thematic content analysis. Among the themes of analysis we pointed out: educational programs; social programs; social and economic development; Petrobras corruption; other instances of corruption and commitments. The results emphasize the importance of the media in voting decision. (AU)

Análise crítica do debate presidencial das eleições de 2014 / Critical analysis of presidential debate of 2014 elections

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o debate eleitoral realizado entre sete candidatos à presidência do Brasil em 2014. A amostra composta pelos discursos disponibilizados na mídia foi submetida à análise temática de conteúdo. Destacaram-se entre os temas de análise: Programas Educacionais; Programas Sociais; Desenvolvimento Social e Econômico; Corrupção na Petrobrás; Outros Casos de Corrupção e Compromissos Assumidos. Como conclusão, os resultados enfatizam a importância da mídia na decisão do voto popular...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the electoral debate among seven candidates of Brazil´s presidency in 2014. A sample consisting of the speeches available in the media was submitted to thematic content analysis. Among the themes of analysis we pointed out: educational programs; social programs; social and economic development; Petrobras corruption; other instances of corruption and commitments. The results emphasize the importance of the media in voting decision...

As representações sociais difundidas pela mídia impressa de São Paulo sobre a Copa do Mundo no Brasil / Social representations diffused by printed media in São Paulo about the World Cup in Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi de pesquisar quais as representações sociais veiculadas pela mídia imprensa da cidade de São Paulo sobre a Copa do Mundo no Brasil. Para isto foi realizadauma pesquisa sistemática no acervo impresso do Jornal Folha de São Paulo por meio da palavrachave copa do mundo. A organização e a análise das reportagens localizadas foram realizadas com o apoio do software de análise quantitativa de dados textuais (IRAMUTEQ). Os resultados apontaram para três classes lexicais sobre a copa do mundo, denominadas: benefíciosfinanceiros, o evento e a narrativa. Considerou-se que as narrativas da mídia apresentaram conteúdos que envolvem o megaevento com um apelo econômico, político e simbólico.

The aim of the study was to investigate which social representations in press media in São Paulo on the World Cup in Brazil. Was held a systematic research in the archives of the printed newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo by keyword world cup. The organization and analysis oflocalized reports were carried out with the support of the quantitative analysis of textual data (IRAMUTEQ) software. The results showed three lexical classes about the World Cup, namely: financial benefits, the event and narrative. It was considered that the narratives of mediapresented contents involving the mega event with an economic, political and symbolic appeal.

As representações sociais difundidas pela mídia impressa de São Paulo sobre a Copa do Mundo no Brasil / Social representations diffused by printed media in São Paulo about the World Cup in Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi de pesquisar quais as representações sociais veiculadas pela mídia imprensa da cidade de São Paulo sobre a Copa do Mundo no Brasil. Para isto foi realizadauma pesquisa sistemática no acervo impresso do Jornal Folha de São Paulo por meio da palavrachave copa do mundo. A organização e a análise das reportagens localizadas foram realizadas com o apoio do software de análise quantitativa de dados textuais (IRAMUTEQ). Os resultados apontaram para três classes lexicais sobre a copa do mundo, denominadas: benefíciosfinanceiros, o evento e a narrativa. Considerou-se que as narrativas da mídia apresentaram conteúdos que envolvem o megaevento com um apelo econômico, político e simbólico. (AU)

The aim of the study was to investigate which social representations in press media in São Paulo on the World Cup in Brazil. Was held a systematic research in the archives of the printed newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo by keyword world cup. The organization and analysis oflocalized reports were carried out with the support of the quantitative analysis of textual data (IRAMUTEQ) software. The results showed three lexical classes about the World Cup, namely: financial benefits, the event and narrative. It was considered that the narratives of mediapresented contents involving the mega event with an economic, political and symbolic appeal. (AU)