ABSTRACT
This study had the aim to identify and relat the occurrence of billfish larvae and eggs in the Southeastern coast of Brazil. During the summer in two seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) 74 surface trawls were done using an ichthyoplankton net off the coast of Vitória-ES, Rio de Janeiro-RJ and Ilhabela-SP and 391 fish larvae were collected. The identification of the billfish larvae was done by molecular biology using the DNA barcode (COI gene). During the 2012/2013 season, five sailfish and two white marlin larvae were identified and in the 2013/2014 season, two sailfishes, two white marlin larvae and two swordfish eggs were identified. The occurrence of billfish larvae shall be further studied, so that inferences about the area and period of spawning and development of early life stages of these fish can be made more accurately.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e relatar a ocorrência de larvas e ovos de peixes-de-bico na costa sudeste do Brasil. Durante duas temporadas no verão (2012/2013 e 2013/2014) 74 arrastos de superfície foram feitos utilizando uma rede de ictioplâncton na costa de Vitória-ES, Rio de Janeiro-RJ e Ilhabela-SP, de modo que 391 larvas de peixes foram coletadas. A identificação das larvas de peixes-de-bico foi feita por biologia molecular utilizando o método do DNA barcode (gene COI). Durante a temporada de 2012/2013, foram identificados cinco larvas de agulhões-vela e duas de agulhão-branco. Na temporada 2013/2014, duas larvas de agulhões-branco e duas de agulhões-vela, além de dois ovos de espadarte foram identificados. A ocorrência de larvas de peixes-de-bico deve ser detalhadamente estudada, para que inferências sobre a área e período de desova e desenvolvimento das fases iniciais de vida destes peixes possam ser feitas com mais precisão.
Subject(s)
Animals , Larva , Perciformes , Animal Identification Systems/veterinaryABSTRACT
This study had the aim to identify and relat the occurrence of billfish larvae and eggs in the Southeastern coast of Brazil. During the summer in two seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) 74 surface trawls were done using an ichthyoplankton net off the coast of Vitória-ES, Rio de Janeiro-RJ and Ilhabela-SP and 391 fish larvae were collected. The identification of the billfish larvae was done by molecular biology using the DNA barcode (COI gene). During the 2012/2013 season, five sailfish and two white marlin larvae were identified and in the 2013/2014 season, two sailfishes, two white marlin larvae and two swordfish eggs were identified. The occurrence of billfish larvae shall be further studied, so that inferences about the area and period of spawning and development of early life stages of these fish can be made more accurately.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e relatar a ocorrência de larvas e ovos de peixes-de-bico na costa sudeste do Brasil. Durante duas temporadas no verão (2012/2013 e 2013/2014) 74 arrastos de superfície foram feitos utilizando uma rede de ictioplâncton na costa de Vitória-ES, Rio de Janeiro-RJ e Ilhabela-SP, de modo que 391 larvas de peixes foram coletadas. A identificação das larvas de peixes-de-bico foi feita por biologia molecular utilizando o método do DNA barcode (gene COI). Durante a temporada de 2012/2013, foram identificados cinco larvas de agulhões-vela e duas de agulhão-branco. Na temporada 2013/2014, duas larvas de agulhões-branco e duas de agulhões-vela, além de dois ovos de espadarte foram identificados. A ocorrência de larvas de peixes-de-bico deve ser detalhadamente estudada, para que inferências sobre a área e período de desova e desenvolvimento das fases iniciais de vida destes peixes possam ser feitas com mais precisão.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Larva , Perciformes , Animal Identification Systems/veterinaryABSTRACT
The feeding habits of Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae), and Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) in the southeast Pacific Ocean were examined in Manta and Santa Rosa, Ecuador. This study describes the diets of these billfish species, evaluates dietary differences between species, and assesses seasonal differences in diet. A total of 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus, and 252 X. gladius were collected between February 2014 and April 2015. The scombrid Auxis spp. was the most important prey for M. nigricans, K. audax and I. platypterus, while the squid Dosidicus gigas was the most important prey for X. gladius. The results of the ANOSIM confirmed significant differences in feeding habits between the members of the family Istiophoridae and X. gladius. Seasonal differences for I. platypterus also were observed. Billfishes are specialist consumers with a narrow niche breadth (B a: M. nigricans and K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05, and X. gladius=0.04).(AU)
Los hábitos alimentarios de Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae) y Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) en el Océano Pacífico sudeste se examinaron en Manta y Santa Rosa, Ecuador. Este estudio describe las dietas de estas especies de peces de pico, evalúa las diferencias de la dieta entre especies y las diferencias estacionales en la dieta. Se obtuvo un total de 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus y 252 X. gladius entre febrero 2014 y abril 2015. El escómbrido Auxis spp. fue la presa más importante para M. nigricans, K. audax y I. platypterus, mientras que el calamar Dosidicus gigas fue la presa más importante para X. gladius. Los resultados de ANOSIM confirmaron diferencias significativas en los hábitos alimentarios entre los miembros de la familia Istiophoridae y X. gladius. También se observaron diferencias estacionales para I. platypterus. Los peces de pico son consumidores especialistas con una amplitud de nicho estrecha (B a: M. nigricans y K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05 y X.gladius=0.04).(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Feeding Behavior/classification , Perciformes/metabolism , Nutrition EcologyABSTRACT
The feeding habits of Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae), and Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) in the southeast Pacific Ocean were examined in Manta and Santa Rosa, Ecuador. This study describes the diets of these billfish species, evaluates dietary differences between species, and assesses seasonal differences in diet. A total of 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus, and 252 X. gladius were collected between February 2014 and April 2015. The scombrid Auxis spp. was the most important prey for M. nigricans, K. audax and I. platypterus, while the squid Dosidicus gigas was the most important prey for X. gladius. The results of the ANOSIM confirmed significant differences in feeding habits between the members of the family Istiophoridae and X. gladius. Seasonal differences for I. platypterus also were observed. Billfishes are specialist consumers with a narrow niche breadth (B a: M. nigricans and K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05, and X. gladius=0.04).(AU)
Los hábitos alimentarios de Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae) y Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) en el Océano Pacífico sudeste se examinaron en Manta y Santa Rosa, Ecuador. Este estudio describe las dietas de estas especies de peces de pico, evalúa las diferencias de la dieta entre especies y las diferencias estacionales en la dieta. Se obtuvo un total de 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus y 252 X. gladius entre febrero 2014 y abril 2015. El escómbrido Auxis spp. fue la presa más importante para M. nigricans, K. audax y I. platypterus, mientras que el calamar Dosidicus gigas fue la presa más importante para X. gladius. Los resultados de ANOSIM confirmaron diferencias significativas en los hábitos alimentarios entre los miembros de la familia Istiophoridae y X. gladius. También se observaron diferencias estacionales para I. platypterus. Los peces de pico son consumidores especialistas con una amplitud de nicho estrecha (B a: M. nigricans y K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05 y X.gladius=0.04).(AU)