[Use of AI-based applications by hospital staff: task profiles and qualification requirements]. / Einsatz von KI-basierten Anwendungen durch Krankenhauspersonal: Aufgabenprofile und Qualifizierungsbedarfe.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important for the future development of hospitals. To unlock the large potential of AI, job profiles of hospital staff members need to be further developed in the direction of AI and digitization skills through targeted qualification measures. This affects both medical and non-medical processes along the entire value chain in hospitals. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the skills required to deal with smart technologies in a clinical context and to present measures for training employees. METHODS: As part of the "SmartHospital.NRW" project in 2022, we conducted a literature review as well as interviews and workshops with experts. AI technologies and fields of application were identified. RESULTS: Key findings include adapted and new task profiles, synergies and dependencies between individual task profiles, and the need for a comprehensive interdisciplinary and interprofessional exchange when using AI-based applications in hospitals. DISCUSSION: Our article shows that hospitals need to promote digital health literacy skills for hospital staff members at an early stage and at the same time recruit technology- and AI-savvy staff. Interprofessional exchange formats and accompanying change management are essential for the use of AI in hospitals.

Situación laboral de los egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena / Employment situation of graduates from the University of Cartagena School of Dentistry

RESUMEN Introducción: El seguimiento de los egresados constituye una herramienta para obtener un diagnóstico del contexto donde se desenvuelven e inducir reflexión en las instituciones de educación superior. Objetivo: Identificar la situación laboral de los egresados de la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad de Cartagena entre los años 1990 a 1999. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por 517 egresados del programa de odontología en el periodo 1990-1999, y la muestra por 213. Se estudiaron variables como la distribución de los egresados según las características sociodemográficas, la situación laboral, la situación económica, y la relación de la situación laboral con las características sociodemográficas. Resultados: El 82,6 por ciento se encontraba ejerciendo la carrera, de los cuales el 68,5 por ciento se hallaba ubicado laboralmente en la región Caribe y el 73,2 por ciento laboraba en el sector privado. El 70,9 por ciento de los participantes contaba con un ingreso promedio mensual mayor de 2 000 000 de pesos. Con respecto a la dedicación laboral, el 49,8 por ciento invertía tiempo completo en la actividad desarrollada y el tipo de contratación al que pertenecía era término indefinido en el 40,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: A pesar de la gran oferta de odontólogos que existe en Colombia actualmente, la mayoría de los egresados evaluados se encuentran laborando en su carrera, lo que les proporciona ingresos económicos suficientes para poder cubrir sus necesidades(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Following up the employment situation of graduates is a tool useful to obtain a diagnosis of the context where they perform their professional activities and induce higher education institutions to reflect upon the subject. Objective: Identify the employment situation of graduates from the University of Cartagena School of Dentistry in the period 1990-1999. Methods: An observational retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted. The study population was 517 dental professionals graduating in the period 1990-1999, from whom a sample of 213 was obtained. Among the variables analyzed were the distribution of graduates according to their sociodemographic characteristics, employment situation, economic situation and the relationship between employment situation and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Of the total sample, 82.6 percent were performing tasks related to their university studies. Of these, 68.5 percent had a job in the Caribe region and 73.2 por ciento in the private sector. The average monthly income of 70.9 percent of the participants was above 2 000 000 pesos. As to contractual conditions, 49.8 percent were hired full time and 40.4 percenthad an indefinite term contract. Conclusions: Despite the great offer of dentists in Colombia nowadays, most of the graduates evaluated have a job related to their studies, which provides them with sufficient economic means to meet their needs(AU)

Valoración de las Características Laborales de los Estudiantes del Último Año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / Assessment of the Job Characteristics of the Final Year Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires

Objetivos: Identificar las características sociodemográficas y la situación laboral de los estudiantes del último año de la Carrera. Un grupo de 145 alumnos, de un total de 174 inscriptos en la asignatura de Odontología Integral Niños del último año de la Carrera, respondieron a un cuestionario anónimo y voluntario, para indagar sobre edad, sexo, nacionalidad, estado civil, lugar de residencia primario, núcleo de convivencia, condición laboral, familiares odontólogos. La información de las variables fue ingresada a una base de datos para su análisis estadístico. Los resultados arrojaron edad media: 27±5 años, 80.68% femeninos, 8.27% extranjeros latinoamericanos. Según los listados de inscripción definitivos de la Cátedra, solo el 19.32% se encontraban cursando la Carrera en el tiempo previsto. Respecto a la condición laboral, 49% refieren que trabajan 20.5±10,9 horas semanales. De éstos, el 49,31% considera que el trabajo tiene mucha relación con la carrera. En relación a las dificultades horarias para cursar, el 17,8% consideró que siempre las tiene y el 39,7% muchas veces. La edad entre quienes trabajan y no lo hacen no presentó diferencias p=0.1593. En conclusión, casi la mitad de los estudiantes del último año de la carrera conjugan sus estudios con algún tipo de trabajo remunerado. Si bien pareciera que existe compatibilización con el desempeño de la actividad laboral, deberán enfatizarse las estrategias que permitan minimizar las dificultades que se presentan al momento de la cursada (AU)

Midlife job profiles and disabilities in later life: a 28-year follow-up of municipal employees in Finland.

PURPOSE: Occupations during adult life may have long-term effects and subsequently increase the risk of disability in old age. We investigated the associations between job profile groups in midlife and disability in old age for women and men. METHODS: This prospective 28-year follow-up study (1981-2009) examined 2998 municipal employees (1892 women and 1106 men) aged 44-58 years at baseline. A detailed analysis of the demands of 88 occupations based on interviews and observations at the work places was made at baseline. Thirteen job profile clusters emerged. Questionnaire information on health, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors was collected at baseline. In 2009, five Activities of Daily Living and seven Instrumental Activities of Daily Living tasks were assessed. A sum score of '0-12' was calculated using 12 dichotomous tasks where '0' indicates no difficulties in any tasks and '1-12' indicates increasing disability. Negative binomial regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for disability due to midlife job profiles. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related characteristics, women in auxiliary (RR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.4-3.2), home care (2.1, 1.4-3.2), kitchen supervision (2.0, 1.1-3.6) and office (1.6, 1.1-2.4) job profiles had a higher risk of disability in later life than those in administrative jobs. Auxiliary (1.5, 1.1-2.9) and technical supervision (1.7, 1.1-2.7) job profiles carried an increased risk among men. CONCLUSION: Midlife job profiles mainly linked with physically heavy work were strong predictors of disability in later life. In women, office work also increased the risk of disability.

El enfoque de competencias para los equipos de Atención Primaria en Salud. Una revisión de literatura / The primary health care competency approach. A literature review / O enfoque de competências para as equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Uma revisão da literatura

Con el propósito de aportar evidencias en herramientas que propendan por la adecuada implementación de la estrategia de Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) con enfoque renovado, eje estructural y de interés actual para la gestión integral de la atención en los sistema de salud, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre el enfoque de competencias, con énfasis en las metodologías usadas para definir perfiles del talento humano de los equipos multidisciplinarios de APS. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión se consideraron los países con amplia trayectoria y evidencias de logros en APS: Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, España y Perú. Se encontró que en las metodologías para definir perfiles de competencias se destaca el análisis funcional. Las competencias con menos literatura y menos desarrollada fueron aquellas para funcionarios de los equipos con funciones directivas.

In order to provide evidence on tools which foster the proper implementation of the strategy of Primary Health Care (phc) with a renewed focus, an appropriate structural axis and interest to the integrated care management in the health system, a systematic review of literature on competency-based approach was performed, with emphasis on the methodologies used to define human talent profiles of multidisciplinary teams of phc. Among the inclusion criteria were considered countries with extensive experience and evidence of achievement in phc: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Spain and Peru. It was found that among the methodologies to define competence profiles, the functional analysis is highlighted. The competences with less literature and which were less developed were those for team officials with managerial roles.

A fim de fornecer evidências sobre ferramentas que favoreçam a implementação adequada da estratégia de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) com foco renovado, eixo estrutural e de interesse atual para a gestão integrada de atendimento nos sistemas de saúde, realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura sobre enfoque de competências, com ênfase nas metodologias utilizadas para definir os perfis de talentos humanos das equipes multidisciplinares de APS. Entre os critérios de inclusão foram considerados os países com vasta experiência e evidência de conseguimientos na APS: Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Cuba, Equador, Espanha e Peru. Verificou-se que nas metodologias para a definição de perfis de competências destaca a análise funcional. As competências com menor literatura e menos desenvolvidas foram aquelas para os funcionários das equipes com funções diretivas.